scholarly journals Tracking the reach of COVID-19 kin loss with a bereavement multiplier applied to the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (30) ◽  
pp. 17695-17701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashton M. Verdery ◽  
Emily Smith-Greenaway ◽  
Rachel Margolis ◽  
Jonathan Daw
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sudden Loss ◽  
Kinship Networks ◽  
The World ◽  
Number Of Individuals

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a large increase in mortality in the United States and around the world, leaving many grieving the sudden loss of family members. We created an indicator—the COVID-19 bereavement multiplier—that estimates the average number of individuals who will experience the death of a close relative (defined as a grandparent, parent, sibling, spouse, or child) for each COVID-19 death. Using demographic microsimulation-based estimates of kinship networks in the United States, the clear age gradient in COVID-19 mortality seen across contexts, and several hypothetical infection prevalence scenarios, we estimate COVID-19 bereavement multipliers for White and Black individuals in the United States. Our analysis shows that for every COVID-19 death, approximately nine surviving Americans will lose a grandparent, parent, sibling, spouse, or child. These estimates imply, for example, that if 190,000 Americans die from COVID-19, as some models project, then ∼1.7 million will experience the death of a close relative. We demonstrate that our estimates of the bereavement multiplier are stable across epidemiological realities, including infection scenarios, total number of deaths, and the distribution of deaths, which means researchers can estimate the bereavement burden over the course of the epidemic in lockstep with rising death tolls. In addition, we provide estimates of bereavement multipliers by age group, types of kin loss, and race to illuminate prospective disparities. The bereavement multiplier is a useful indicator for tracking COVID-19’s multiplicative impact as it reverberates across American families and can be tailored to other causes of death.

Respiratory Viral Infections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Ison
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
The World ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Infection Respiratory Tract

The respiratory tract can be infected by a diverse group of viruses that produce syndromes ranging in severity from mild colds to fulminant pneumonias. Respiratory viral infections are a leading cause of morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality throughout the world; influenza and pneumonia were the most prevalent infectious causes of death during the 20th century in the United States. This review contains 8 figures, 26 tables and 87 references. Keywords: Virus, infection, respiratory tract, antiviral, pneumonia, croup, pharyngitis, epidemic, pandemic, outbreak

scholarly journals Recommendations for the early diagnosis of COPD: the AIMAR view

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartolome R. Celli
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
The World

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has the dubious distinction of being one of the few major causes of death that continues to rise in the United States and the world. In that sense, its prevention, early diagno- sis when clinically present, and finally its appropriate treatment should constitute a priority item in today’s health care agenda. [...]

scholarly journals Regularization of the undocumented in Canada : lessons from Europe and the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Xiao En Liu Liu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigrant Population ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Policy Solutions

During the past decade, the number of undocumented people has been by far the most rapidly rising immigrant population worldwide. In Canada, the number of individuals living without a legal status is estimated around 200,000 to 600,000. Therefore, this issue has become increasing difficult for governments to ignore. Many countries around the world have implemented regularization programs as policy solutions to the issue of undocumented people residing within their borders. This study examines the different criteria and reasons based on which countries in Europe, the United States, and Canada have implemented or proposed regularization programs. The aim is to propose possible regularization criteria and options that Canada could take into consideration as policy solutions to deal with the undocumented residents currently in the country.

scholarly journals Investigating the possible origin and transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 genomes and variants of concern in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al Nahid ◽  
Ajit Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The World ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
Local Transmission

The COVID-19 pandemic induced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its variants has ravaged most countries around the world including Bangladesh. We have analyzed publicly available genomic data to understand the current COVID-19 outbreak scenario as well as the evolutionary origin and transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 isolates in Bangladesh. All the early isolates as well as recent B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants had already spread across the major divisional cities of Bangladesh. A sex biasness towards male COVID-19 patient samples sequencing has observed over female in all age-group, that could be the trend in infection rate. Phylogenetic analysis indicated a total of 13 estimated countries, including Italy, India, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Germany, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, United States, Russia, and Denmark, could be the possible origin introduced SARS-CoV-2 isolates in Bangladesh because of regional and intercontinental travel. Recent, B.1.1.7 variant could be imported from a total of 7 estimated countries including UK, India, Nigeria, Spain, Ireland, Australia, and Indonesia, while South Africa and the United States are the most likely sources of B.1351 variant in Bangladesh. Based on these findings, public health strategies could be designed and implemented to reduce the local transmission of the virus.

scholarly journals Regularization of the undocumented in Canada : lessons from Europe and the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Xiao En Liu Liu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigrant Population ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Policy Solutions

During the past decade, the number of undocumented people has been by far the most rapidly rising immigrant population worldwide. In Canada, the number of individuals living without a legal status is estimated around 200,000 to 600,000. Therefore, this issue has become increasing difficult for governments to ignore. Many countries around the world have implemented regularization programs as policy solutions to the issue of undocumented people residing within their borders. This study examines the different criteria and reasons based on which countries in Europe, the United States, and Canada have implemented or proposed regularization programs. The aim is to propose possible regularization criteria and options that Canada could take into consideration as policy solutions to deal with the undocumented residents currently in the country.

scholarly journals Getting ready for the next pandemic COVID-19: Why we need to be more prepared and less scared

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-89
Author(s):  
George W. Contreras, DrPH(c), MEP, MPH, MS, CEM
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Experts

As of March 2020, we are almost at the three-month mark of COVID-19 with 90,663 reported cases worldwide and 3,124 reported deaths spread over six continents and 67 countries. As of March 3, 2020, the United States announced its six COVID-19-related deaths with 103 confirmed cases spread throughout fourteen states.1 It is important to note, however, that even as the number of reported cases and deaths continue to increase, the COVID-19 overall case fatality rate thus far stands at 3.4 percent. It is important to keep in mind that case fatality rates will also vary by age group and geographic areas. Government leaders and health experts have repeatedly mentioned that it is expected that COVID-19 cases would increase and that it would inevitably reach the United States. I would go even a step further to predict that there will be more confirmed cases and deaths in the United States as well as other parts of the world. Unfortunately and inevitably, by the time this editorial is published, the number of reported cases and deaths will have increased worldwide. If there is one thing to take from all of this information is that we are just at the beginning of the disease progression and more people will get infected and some additional people will also die. As a society, we need not be alarmed simply because it is a novel infectious disease. In the twentieth century, the world has experienced several novel diseases and even pandemic-level diseases. The recent CDC announcement that COVID-19 may reach pandemic levels is not only expected but also scientifically accurate when it comes to normal disease progression. Such announcements should not surprise the public and it should also not instill panic. What the world and the United States need to do is get better prepared. I understand that the fear of the unknown can be daunting but we need to recall that we (the US and the world) have been through similar experiences and survived.

Respiratory Viral Infections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Ison
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
The World ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Infection Respiratory Tract

The respiratory tract can be infected by a diverse group of viruses that produce syndromes ranging in severity from mild colds to fulminant pneumonias. Respiratory viral infections are a leading cause of morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality throughout the world; influenza and pneumonia were the most prevalent infectious causes of death during the 20th century in the United States. This review contains 8 figures, 26 tables and 87 references. Keywords: Virus, infection, respiratory tract, antiviral, pneumonia, croup, pharyngitis, epidemic, pandemic, outbreak

Respiratory Viral Infections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Ison
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
The World ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Infection Respiratory Tract

The respiratory tract can be infected by a diverse group of viruses that produce syndromes ranging in severity from mild colds to fulminant pneumonias. Respiratory viral infections are a leading cause of morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality throughout the world; influenza and pneumonia were the most prevalent infectious causes of death during the 20th century in the United States. This review contains 8 figures, 26 tables and 87 references. Keywords: Virus, infection, respiratory tract, antiviral, pneumonia, croup, pharyngitis, epidemic, pandemic, outbreak

Sex Differences in Mass Media Preferences Across Four Asian Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini Ratnasingam ◽  
Lee Ellis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Evolutionary Explanation ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Media Preferences

Background. Nearly all of the research on sex differences in mass media utilization has been based on samples from the United States and a few other Western countries. Aim. The present study examines sex differences in mass media utilization in four Asian countries (Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, and Singapore). Methods. College students self-reported the frequency with which they accessed the following five mass media outlets: television dramas, televised news and documentaries, music, newspapers and magazines, and the Internet. Results. Two significant sex differences were found when participants from the four countries were considered as a whole: Women watched television dramas more than did men; and in Japan, female students listened to music more than did their male counterparts. Limitations. A wider array of mass media outlets could have been explored. Conclusions. Findings were largely consistent with results from studies conducted elsewhere in the world, particularly regarding sex differences in television drama viewing. A neurohormonal evolutionary explanation is offered for the basic findings.

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