scholarly journals Interacting regional policies in containing a disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (19) ◽  
pp. e2021520118
Author(s):  
Arun G. Chandrasekhar ◽  
Paul Goldsmith-Pinkham ◽  
Matthew O. Jackson ◽  
Samuel Thau
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rates ◽  
Short Delay ◽  
Balance Condition ◽  
Regional Policies ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Government

Regional quarantine policies, in which a portion of a population surrounding infections is locked down, are an important tool to contain disease. However, jurisdictional governments—such as cities, counties, states, and countries—act with minimal coordination across borders. We show that a regional quarantine policy’s effectiveness depends on whether 1) the network of interactions satisfies a growth balance condition, 2) infections have a short delay in detection, and 3) the government has control over and knowledge of the necessary parts of the network (no leakage of behaviors). As these conditions generally fail to be satisfied, especially when interactions cross borders, we show that substantial improvements are possible if governments are outward looking and proactive: triggering quarantines in reaction to neighbors’ infection rates, in some cases even before infections are detected internally. We also show that even a few lax governments—those that wait for nontrivial internal infection rates before quarantining—impose substantial costs on the whole system. Our results illustrate the importance of understanding contagion across policy borders and offer a starting point in designing proactive policies for decentralized jurisdictions.

scholarly journals Revisiting Friedrich Engels’s Dialectics of Nature in an Age of Digital Idealism

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-96
Author(s):  
Christopher Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Government

The idealism that Fredrich Engels seeks to defeat in Dialectics of Nature today pervades online discourse and pedagogies of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The deterministic view that STEM is dedicated to unleashing the inherent power in objects for the service of privileged societies fails to understand the basic principles that Engels proposed. Engels exposes his contemporaries’ flawed understanding of science and technology and provides interdisciplinary examples that exemplify a different way of thinking. Outside of China, Engels’s ideas have been used suggest that social considerations cannot be a part of science because they limit the free exchange of ideas. Within China, particularly after the establishment of the People’s Republic in 1949, these ideas have been the basis of new thinking about the relationships among developers, the government, and the people. Moreover, readers of Dialectics of Nature who are familiar with the basic tenets of Science and Technology Studies (STS), such as social constructivism and actor-network theory, will not be so impressed with the idea that social theory has no place in understanding science and engineering. This analysis suggests avenues of cooperation for international science studies. In addition, it provides a starting point for pedagogies to promote the development for science and technology that reduces inequality and supports the notion that the liberal arts have an important place in the study of science and engineering, an insight known as STEAM.

Governance of the Chinese Super League

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Ma ◽  
Markus Kurscheidt
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Organisational Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Governance Processes ◽  
Super League

Purpose In 2017, the Chinese Super League (CSL), the first professional football division in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), became the highest-spending league in the international players’ transfer market, with a total spending of €377m. Moreover, the government of the PRC is backing the CSL with an ambitious football plan. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine the governance of the CSL by questioning the organisational viability of the league. Design/methodology/approach In addition to the relevant international literature, this study is based on 14 recent scholarly articles published in Mandarin from 2013 to 2018 to reflect the national academic debate. Moreover, website research on all CSL clubs has been conducted. The institutional analysis follows the integrative change model of Cunningham (2002) complemented by agency and bureaucracy theory. Findings The CSL still faces substantial governance problems caused by the divergence of goal setting, organisational inefficiencies and compliance issues. The organisational change is notably constrained by internal competitive value commitments and external power dependency. Research limitations/implications The institutional findings on the CSL provide a starting point for empirical studies. The approach contributes to the theory of sport governance processes. Practical implications The material and insights are informative for decision makers to evaluate the competitiveness of the CSL. Originality/value This paper is the first international in-depth analysis of the governance of the CSL using the body of knowledge published in Mandarin.

LIMITATIONS ON THE TRANSPARENCY OF LAW CREATION AND LAW EXERCISING IN THE DUCHY OF WARSAW

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 503-516
Author(s):  
Marcin Mielnik
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
The State ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
Public Action ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government

In this work, the study of the title issue will be continued and the focus will be on the boundaries of transparency of public action in the sphere of enacting and implementing the law. As a result of the actions taken, the author intends to find answers to questions relat-ed to the policy of informing citizens and possibilities of finding information on the func-tioning of the state. The research was carried out by conducting a source query and source analysis. The author in the main part of the work defined the bodies responsible for creat-ing the law. Then, he introduced individual governmental dailies, such as Dziennik Praw or daily newspapers issued in individual districts of the country (departments). The starting point was to discuss the policy of disseminating the content of the law also in the uncon-stitutional period before the first copies of the government press were issued. Next, the author discussed the results of research on specific issues such as the content of journals, with particular emphasis on the main topics, such as the justification for the implementation of the Napoleon Code and its analysis in terms of practicality. Finally, niche topics like hounds and tips are presented.

The Scottish Political Community and the Parliament of 1563

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Goodare
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Political Community ◽  
The Political ◽  
Scottish Parliament ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Government ◽  
Scottish History

When Mary queen of Scots met her first Parliament, she encountered an institution that had long played an influential part in Scottish history. The Scottish Parliament was important for its legislation and taxation, but it was even more important as the forum in which the political community assembled to take major decisions about how the government should be configured. This article uses a newly-discovered list of those attending the Parliament of 1563 as the starting-point for an investigation of the political community in Mary's reign.Although our understanding of sixteenth-century politics has been much enhanced by studies focused on “kingship,” many crucial issues concern relationships among people other than the king. For more than half of the century there was no adult monarch present, and government had to be carried on by consensus between a regent and the nobility. Adult monarchs usually had more power than temporary regents, but they, too, had to seek consensus if they were to rule successfully.

scholarly journals An evaluation of defluoridation technologies in the context of decision-making strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann C Fantin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Specific Community ◽  
The Government ◽  
Selection Of

Fluoride can be considered beneficial or harmful to human health dependant on the amount that is ingested. Many methods exist for the removal of excessive fluoride from drinking water; however, not all defluoridation methods are appropriate for the specific local conditions that may be present within a community. The objective of this research project is to evaluate various available defluoridation technologies against characteristics of a successful and sustainable technology, while considering decision-making strategies that may be employed by those selecting an appropriate defluoridation method to suit the characteristics of the specific community that is affected by fluoride-impacted drinking water. An evaluation of the selected defluoridation technologies supports the notion that there is not an all-encompassing defluoridation technology that would be applicable to all types of situations in which fluoride impacted groundwater is a concern. Water treatment methods for developing countries require careful consideration and selection of a sustainable solution so as to provide long-term benefits and applicability. Formal decision-making strategies would be useful tools at the government level to provide a starting point to determine which available defluoridation methods would be viable at the end user level. Researchers, government officials and, most importantly, local inhabitants of suffering areas must work together to achieve the common goal of clean and safe potable water.

scholarly journals MENTAL REVOLUTION TO INCREASE ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE AND NATION’S COMPETITIVENESS OF SURAH AR-RA’D VERSE 11 PERSPECTIVE

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Doli Witro ◽  
Betria Zarpina Yanti ◽  
Mhd. Rasidin
Keyword(s):  
Work Ethic ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Government

Observing the reality of the Indonesian nation, which could be said to be in an appalling economic condition, it seems that the desire to do what is known as the Mental Revolution must be intensified. Mental revolution is considered as an alternative solution to the various crisis problems that have plagued this nation, especially concerning economic independence and national competitiveness. Through a mental revolution, the Indonesian nation is believed to be able to rediscover the lost humanity and the starting point for building a new society or a better civilization. In this paper, the author wants to describe the economic independence revolution as an essential part that needs attention in the implementation of the mental revolution program currently being run by the government. This is based on the reality of Indonesian society, which is still shackled by a mentality of a low work ethic, not creative, not innovative, rough work, lazy, and even still adhering to the principle of working a little, the results (money) a lot. In analyzing this problem, the writer explains it based on the analysis of the letter ar-Ra’d verse 11. This verse gives a clue that Allah will not change the economic condition of a country, as long as that country does not change the cause of its economic setback. Likewise, if a nation changes its state from immorality to obedience, then Allah will change his condition from misery to happiness.

scholarly journals Marketing instruments for attracting investments in territorial communities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Fedorchak ◽  
H. Ishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Government

Problem setting. Ukraine has significant regional imbalances in attracting investment. The most attractive for investors is Kyiv city, where almost 50% of foreign investments are accumulated. At the same time, other regions remain unattractive for investors. The unsatisfactory situation in the regions is a reflection of unfavorable investment climate and requires the use of new tools to attract investment. The use of marketing tools can stimulate the inflow of investment into small cities and communities. Given these, the issue of using marketing tools to attract investment in local communities remains unexplored and relevant.Recent research and publications analysis. An important contribution to the study of territory marketing and investment attraction was made by: S. Ankholt, V. Bondarenko, D. Vizghalov, M. Hovorukhina, N. Hrynchuk, K. Dinni, O. Ignatenko, F. Kotler, O. Osovets, A. Pankrukhin, S. Smerichevskyi, R. Fedorov, O. Fedorovych, D. Frolov, O. Khymych, and others.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. An analysis of the literature on this issue has shown that domestic researches are quite narrowly specialized and most English-language works on this topic are written in the form of study of real situations and have non-scientific characters.The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of marketing tools and justify the feasibility of their use to attract investment in local communities, and improve the investment climate in Ukraine.Paper main body. In recent years, Ukraine has taken significant steps to decentralize its power and resources. And although decentralization is a complicated reform, it is also one of the most successful reforms in Ukraine. This reform provides the transfer of powers and finances for their implementation from the central government to local authorities. The starting point of the reform is the thesis that local authorities are better oriented at local problems and can use funds more effectively to solve them.However, in the context of the economic crisis caused by the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the government is cutting transfers to support infrastructure and urban development in general. The local authorities in Ukraine suffer from an austerity policy pursued by the government. With this in mind, communities need to work to create a positive image of the area, to diversify sources of capital, and attract new investors.Taking into account the limited budgets and the specifics of activities at the local level, the minimum set of tools for attracting investment in local communities should include: development of investment strategy and program, brand formation of the territory, development of investment passport, formation of industry reviews, construction of investor’s roadmap, distribution of investment proposals, creation and updating of investment website, work in social networks, development of interactive investment map, press kit formation, preparation of multimedia presentations, participation in road-shows, investment seminars, conferences, forums and exhibitions, targeted search for new investors and formation of existing investors database.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. The results of the study confirm that in the conditions of competition for investment funds, marketing tools for attracting investments come to the fore. Although the marketing of territories is a relatively young area of research, it can contribute to the successful promotion of local communities to attract investment and improve the image of the territory. The skillful use of marketing tools can help attract investment to local communities.In further research, we plan to study tax instruments to stimulate investment activity to improve the investment climate in Ukraine.

scholarly journals The Imperative Of Basic Tax Education For Citizens

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Gladson Nwanna ◽  
Darlington Richards
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Unique Effect ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Tax Education ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
The Government

The role and impact of taxes in the lives of Americans makes basic tax education an imperative for all Americans. Not only will that knowledge be valuable to the taxpayer, it will also be valuable to the Government that imposes a variety of taxes. Specifically, it is our position that the lack of basic understanding of taxes is unwarranted, long overdue and importantly could be costing the taxpayers hundreds of millions of dollars. In this paper, we focus on the personal income tax because it is one of the most recognizable of the taxes and because it does account for a significant amount paid by Americans. While we wholeheartedly agree that basic knowledge of all other types of taxes will equally be valuable, the income tax, we believe, is a good starting point in light of its unique effect on the majority of Americans. 

scholarly journals Maintaining the Quality Management Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
Nick van Sinderen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Joint Commission ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Initial Question ◽  
Joint Commission International ◽  
Review Cycle ◽  
The Government

AbstractsEstablishing and maintaining a quality management program (QMP) is easy in theory but difficult in practice. It requires considerable time, energy, and the full commitment of everyone involved, starting with the program management. The time involved in establishing a QMP varies in terms of time, depending on the scope of your system and the starting point. The initial question you need to ask is, “What standards, knowledge, do we already have?” In almost every case, the answer is “a considerable amount!” These days many hospitals already have accreditations or certifications like Joint Commission International (JCI), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), standards issued by the government and institutions and professional organizations. The most important pool of knowledge, however, is the education and experience of staff. All standards are initially created by colleagues in the field and, at least for FACT-JACIE, also further developed in a 3-year review cycle.

scholarly journals Research on transformation mode of scientific and technological achievements with different transaction costs: taking the electric power industry as an example

2021 ◽  
Vol 336 ◽  
pp. 09016
Author(s):  
Kaiyan Lei ◽  
Meimei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Electric Power Industry ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Innovation Ecosystem ◽  
Direct Transformation ◽  
External Demand ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Coping

Technological innovation and achievement transformation are an important starting point for constructing an industrial innovation ecosystem and coping with hindered external demand. This article starts with the ecological chain of technological achievement transformation, constructs a transaction cost and benefit model of three transformation modes of direct transformation, intermediary participation, and co-construction cooperation, and systematically analyses its transaction costs, benefits, application and the value space of the transaction subject of each mode. With the participation of intermediaries and investors, the "government, industry, university, research, and financial agency" achievement transformation service platform not only reduces transaction costs but also greatly increases returns. Using the advantages of big data and blockchain can obtain more added value than other models, bringing more opportunities for both supply and demand.

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