scholarly journals Historical socioecological transformations in the global tropics as an Anthropocene analogue

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (40) ◽  
pp. e2022211118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Penny ◽  
Timothy P. Beach
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Response ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Social Responses ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Elite

Large, low-density settlements of the tropical world disintegrated during the first and second millennia of the CE. This phenomenon, which occurred in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Mesoamerica, is strongly associated with climate variability and extensive landscape transformation. These profound social transformations in the tropical world have been popularized as “collapse,” yet archaeological evidence suggests a more complex and nuanced story characterized by persistence, adaptation, and resilience at the local and regional scales. The resulting tension between ideas of climate-driven collapse and evidence for diverse social responses challenges our understanding of long-term resilience and vulnerability to environmental change in the global tropics. Here, we compare the archetypal urban collapse of the Maya, in modern Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico, during the 8th to 11th centuries CE, and the Khmer in modern Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam during the 14th to 15th centuries CE. We argue that the social response to environmental stress is spatially and temporally heterogenous, reflecting the generation of large-scale landesque capital surrounding the urban cores. Divergences between vulnerable urban elite and apparently resilient dispersed agricultural settlements sit uncomfortably with simplistic notions of social collapse and raise important questions for humanity as we move deeper into the Anthropocene.

Approaches to Supporting Local and Community Development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liesel Mack Filgueiras ◽  
Andreia Rabetim ◽  
Isabel Aché Pillar
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mining Investment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Corporate Social

Reflection about the role of community engagement and corporate social investment in Brazil, associated with the presence of a large economic enterprise, is the major stimulus of this chapter. It seeks to present how cross-sector governance can contribute to the social development of a city and how this process can be led by a partnership comprising a corporate foundation, government, and civil society. The concept of the public–private social partnership (PPSP) is explored: a strategy for building a series of inter-sectoral alliances aimed at promoting the sustainable development of territories where the company has large-scale enterprises, through joint efforts towards integrated long-term strategic planning, around a common agenda. To this end, the case of Canaã dos Carajás is introduced, a municipality in the State of Pará, in the Amazon region, where large-scale mining investment is being carried out by the mining company Vale SA.

scholarly journals Collective Emotions and Social Resilience in the Digital Traces After a Terrorist Attack

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Garcia ◽  
Bernard Rimé
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Social Resilience ◽  
Collective Emotions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collective Effervescence ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Twitter Users

After collective traumas such as natural disasters and terrorist attacks, members of concerned communities experience intense emotions and talk profusely about them. Although these exchanges resemble simple emotional venting, Durkheim’s theory of collective effervescence postulates that these collective emotions lead to higher levels of solidarity in the affected community. We present the first large-scale test of this theory through the analysis of digital traces of 62,114 Twitter users after the Paris terrorist attacks of November 2015. We found a collective negative emotional response followed by a marked long-term increase in the use of lexical indicators related to solidarity. Expressions of social processes, prosocial behavior, and positive affect were higher in the months after the attacks for the individuals who participated to a higher degree in the collective emotion. Our findings support the conclusion that collective emotions after a disaster are associated with higher solidarity, revealing the social resilience of a community.

scholarly journals Kecenderungan Putus Sekolah Difabel Usia Pendidikan Dasar di Jember

INKLUSI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Miftakhuddin Miftakhuddin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Social Response ◽  
Social Responses ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Out Of School

This study examines the aspirations of children with disabilities in attending school and their tendency to drop out of school. This study answers the question of how disabilities influence aspirations to attend school in relation to the tendency to drop out of school. Data were collected through interviews and observations of three children with disabilities who dropped out of school and three children with disabilities who do not. Data were analysed using the techniques of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the aspirations of attending school were influenced by three considerations: targets, results of risk factor analysis, and social responses. The social response shows the most dominant attention because it is often manifested by support (friendship) or obstacles (intimidation and discrimination). If the social response is positive, then the aspirations of going to school will increase, which affects the sustainability of children in school.[Penelitian ini mengkaji aspirasi anak difabel untuk bersekolah dan kecenderungannya untuk putus sekolah. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan observasi kepada tiga anak difabel yang putus sekolah, dan tiga anak difabel yang (masih) bersekolah. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aspirasi bersekolah dipengaruhi oleh tiga pertimbangan, yaitu: tujuan atau target pembelajaran, hasil analisis faktor risiko, dan respon sosial. Respon sosial menjadi faktor paling dominan karena sering diwujudkan dengan dukungan (ikatan pertemanan) maupun hambatan (intimidasi dan diskriminasi). Jika respon sosial bersifat positif, maka aspirasi bersekolah akan meningkat, yang berdampak pada keberlanjutan anak dalam bersekolah.]

scholarly journals The Prague Orgy: The Life of Writers in a Totalitarian State According to Philip Roth

Humanities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Michal Sýkora
Keyword(s):  
Main Topic ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
Social Response ◽  
Philip Roth ◽  
The Social ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Alter Ego ◽  
Freedom And Responsibility ◽  
Totalitarian State

This paper deals with the way Philip Roth depicted writers in Czechoslovakia in the 1970s in his novella The Prague Orgy, the final part of the Zuckerman Bound tetralogy. Researchers often read The Prague Orgy in the context of the entire tetralogy and accentuate the contact with Jewish topics. The primary focus of the paper is how Roth views Czech writers and their lives through the eyes of his long-term hero (and fictional alter-ego) Nathan Zuckerman and how he perceives life in a totalitarian state. The Prague Orgy is discussed as a somewhat abstract story about the writer’s freedom and responsibility of their work. There are three types of writers in The Prague Orgy: The émigré (Sisovsky), the dissenter (Bolotka), and the pro-regime (Novak). Each of them, in an interview with Roth’s hero, formulates his attitude to the regime. Zuckerman is fascinated by the life of opposition artists, their experience of freedom (realized in the private sphere), and the social response to their work. Although the reality of life in Czechoslovakia under communism is not the main topic of the novella, the paper concludes that the depiction of life of Czech underground intellectuals interested mostly in sex is in consonance with the picture of Czech dissent in official regime propaganda.

Managing the refugee crises in South Asia: The role of SAARC

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-219
Author(s):  
Zahid Shahab Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
History Of

South Asia is home to roughly three million refugees and their long-term presence brings enormous challenges. South Asia’s history of colonialism, low economic development, and intra- and inter-state conflicts have contributed to the large-scale refugee movement and the lack of capacity to address the problem. This article examines the history, current activity and potential for regional cooperation in South Asia to address the issue. The article focuses particularly on the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, the structure and culture of the organization and the likelihood of it addressing the politically complex issue of forced migration.

scholarly journals The Importance of Climate Variability to Wind-Driven Modulation of Hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1435-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm E. Scully
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Westerly Direction ◽  
Hypoxic Volume

Abstract Extensive hypoxia remains a problem in Chesapeake Bay, despite some reductions in estimated nutrient inputs. An analysis of a 58-yr time series of summer hypoxia reveals that a significant fraction of the interannual variability observed in Chesapeake Bay is correlated to changes in summertime wind direction that are the result of large-scale climate variability. Beginning around 1980, the surface pressure associated with the summer Bermuda high has weakened, favoring winds from a more westerly direction, the direction most correlated with observed hypoxia. Regression analysis suggests that the long-term increase in hypoxic volume observed in this dataset is only accounted for when both changes in wind direction and nitrogen loading are considered.

scholarly journals Tropical Cyclone Footprints in Long-Term Mean State and Multiscale Climate Variability in the Western North Pacific as Seen in the JRA-55 Reanalysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-46
Author(s):  
Sho Arakane ◽  
Huang-Hsiung Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Monsoon Trough ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Anticyclonic Circulation ◽  
Mean State

AbstractThe monsoon trough and subtropical high have long been acknowledged to exert a substantial modulating effect on the genesis and development of TCs in the western North Pacific (WNP). However, the potential upscaling effect of TCs on large-scale circulation remains poorly understood. This study revealed the considerable contributions of TCs to the climate mean state and variability in the WNP between 1958 and 2019, characterized by a strengthened monsoon trough and weakened subtropical anticyclonic circulation in the lower troposphere, enhanced anticyclonic circulation in the upper troposphere, and warming throughout the troposphere. TCs constituted distinct footprints in the long-term mean states of the WNP summer monsoon, and their contributions increased intraseasonal and interannual variance by 50%–70%. The interdecadal variations and long-term trends in intraseasonal variance were mainly due to the year-to-year fluctuations in TC activity. The size of TC footprints was positively correlated with the magnitude of TC activity.Our findings suggest that the full understanding of climate variability and changes cannot be achieved simply on the basis of low-frequency, large-scale circulations. Rather, TCs must be regarded as a crucial component in the climate system, and their interactions with large-scale circulations require thorough exploration. The long-term dataset created in this study provides an opportunity to study the interaction between TCs and TC-free large-scale circulations to advance our understanding of climate variability in the WNP. Our findings also indicate that realistic climate projections must involve the accurate simulations of TCs.

scholarly journals Collective Emotions and Social Resilience in the Digital Traces After a Terrorist Attack

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Garcia ◽  
Bernard Rime
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Social Resilience ◽  
Collective Emotions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collective Effervescence ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Twitter Users

After collective traumas such as natural disasters and terrorist attacks, members of concerned communities experience intense emotions and talk profusely about them. Although these exchanges resemble simple emotional venting, Durkheim’s theory of collective effervescence postulates that these collective emotions lead to higher levels of solidarity in the affected community. We present the first large-scale test of this theory through the analysis of digital traces of 62,114 Twitter users after the Paris terrorist attacks of November 2015. We found a collective negative emotional response followed by a marked long-term increase in the use of lexical indicators related to solidarity. Expressions of social processes, prosocial behavior, and positive affect were higher in the months after the attacks for the individuals who participated to a higher degree in the collective emotion. Our findings support the conclusion that collective emotions after a disaster are associated with higher solidarity, revealing the social resilience of a community.

scholarly journals Conventional Resources and Postmodern Transformations of the Cultural Practices of Communication and Etiquette

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentyna Sudakova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Social Orders ◽  
Traditional Norms

The article researches the integrative potential of the cultural practices of conventions under conditions of the global social transformations. It has analyzed the concepts of practice, cultural practice, convention, and essential characteristics of the role of conventions in organizing and supporting cultural and social orders. This study identifies the genetic sources of the sustainable general interactions and the real opportunities of the cultural practices of communication in order to define the conventional resource of the etiquette complexes. It investigates the etiquette and its peculiarities as the transcultural phenomena and describes its basic functions which determine the social significance of the etiquette in the space of cultural communications. The author emphasizes the importance of researching the historical connections of the contemporary etiquette models with the traditional norms of human behavior, such as taboo, rituals, customs which stipulate the controversial cultural and social consequences under conditions of cultural globalization, large-scale influence of information revolution, and the spread of network communications.

scholarly journals The Epipalaeolithic-Neolithic as the pivotal transformation of human history

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 14-29
Author(s):  
Trevor Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New World ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Cumulative Culture ◽  
Cultural Innovation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development

The objective of this paper is to set the Epipalaeolithic-Neolithic transformation (ENT) within the truly long-term of human evolutionary history. The Epipalaeolithic-Neolithic transformation take us out of the world of Palaeolithic mobile foraging into a new world, in which the scale and organisation of the social group and the tempo of socio-cultural evolution were transformed. The scale and diversity of cultural innovation and social organization can be seen to be linked in co-evolutionary feedback loops that have been characterised as ‘cumulative culture’, ‘ratcheting’ effects, or ‘runaway’ cultural evolution. The up-scaling of communities and the intensification of their interaction and networking enabled the emergence of super-communities that became the first large-scale societies, an inflection point on an accelerating curve of complex cultural, social and economic development, en route to emergent socio-political hierarchies, urbanism, kingdoms and empires.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document