The balance of giving versus receiving social support and all-cause mortality in a US national sample

While numerous studies exist on the benefits of social support (both receiving and giving), little research exists on how the balance between the support that individuals regularly give versus that which they receive from others relates to physical health. In a US national sample of 6,325 adults from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States, participants were assessed at baseline on hours of social support given and received on a monthly basis, with all-cause mortality data collected from the National Death Index over a 23-y follow-up period. Participants who were relatively balanced in the support they gave compared to what they received had a lower risk of all-cause mortality than those who either disproportionately received support from others (e.g., received more hours of support than they gave each month) or disproportionately gave support to others (e.g., gave many more hours of support a month than they received). These findings applied to instrumental social support (e.g., help with transportation, childcare). Additionally, participants who gave a moderate amount of instrumental social support had a lower risk of all-cause mortality than those who either gave very little support or those who gave a lot of support to others. Associations were evident over and above demographic, medical, mental health, and health behavior covariates. Although results are correlational, one interpretation is that promoting a balance, in terms of the support that individuals regularly give relative to what they receive in their social relationships, may not only help to strengthen the social fabric of society but may also have potential physical health benefits.

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Association of mushroom consumption with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among American adults: prospective cohort study findings from NHANES III

Nutrition Journal ◽

10.1186/s12937-021-00691-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Djibril M. Ba ◽

Xiang Gao ◽

Joshua Muscat ◽

Laila Al-Shaar ◽

Vernon Chinchilli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Risk ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Nhanes Iii ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Specific Mortality

Abstract Background Whether mushroom consumption, which is rich in several bioactive compounds, including the crucial antioxidants ergothioneine and glutathione, is inversely associated with low all-cause and cause-specific mortality remains uncertain. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the association between mushroom consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk. Methods Longitudinal analyses of participants from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) extant data (1988–1994). Mushroom intake was assessed by a single 24-h dietary recall using the US Department of Agriculture food codes for recipe foods. All-cause and cause-specific mortality were assessed in all participants linked to the National Death Index mortality data (1988–2015). We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to calculate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Results Among 15,546 participants included in the current analysis, the mean (SE) age was 44.3 (0.5) years. During a mean (SD) follow-up duration of 19.5 (7.4) years , a total of 5826 deaths were documented. Participants who reported consuming mushrooms had lower risk of all-cause mortality compared with those without mushroom intake (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.73–0.98) after adjusting for demographic, major lifestyle factors, overall diet quality, and other dietary factors including total energy. When cause-specific mortality was examined, we did not observe any statistically significant associations with mushroom consumption. Consuming 1-serving of mushrooms per day instead of 1-serving of processed or red meats was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.50–0.84). We also observed a dose-response relationship between higher mushroom consumption and lower risk of all-cause mortality (P-trend = 0.03). Conclusion Mushroom consumption was associated with a lower risk of total mortality in this nationally representative sample of US adults.

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Volunteers’ Felt Respect and Its Associations With Volunteering Retention, Daily Affect, Well-being, and Mortality

The Journals of Gerontology Series B ◽

10.1093/geronb/gby117 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 75 (8) ◽

pp. 1625-1636 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dwight C K Tse

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Positive Affect ◽

Well Being ◽

The United States ◽

National Sample ◽

Retention Rates ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Volunteer Work ◽

Daily Affect

Abstract Objectives Volunteering is associated with improved physical and psychological well-being; volunteers feeling more respect for their work may have better well-being than their counterparts. Methods This study investigated the effects of felt respect for volunteer work on volunteering retention, daily affect, well-being (subjective, psychological, and social), and mortality. The study analyzed survey and mortality data from a national sample of 2,677 volunteers from the Midlife in the United States Study over a 20-year span. Daily affect data were obtained from a subsample of 1,032 volunteers. Results Compared to volunteers feeling less respect from others, those feeling more respect (a) were more likely to continue volunteering 10 and 20 years later, (b) had higher levels of daily positive affect and lower levels of daily negative affect, and (c) had higher levels of well-being over a 20-year period. The effect of felt respect on mortality was not statistically significant. Discussion Greater level of felt respect for volunteer work is positively related to volunteers’ retention rates, daily affective experience, and well-being.

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SAT-447 Thyroid Function, Cardiovascular Disease, and Mortality: A Mediation Analysis

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.710 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Kosuke Inoue ◽

Beate Ritz ◽

Gregory A Brent ◽

Ramin Ebrahimi ◽

Connie Rhee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Mediation Analysis ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

The United States ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

Mortality Data ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

The U.S ◽

Stimulating Hormone

Abstract Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism is a common clinical entity among the United States (U.S) adults and has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in some studies. However, the mediation effect of CVD from elevated serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to mortality has not yet been well established or sufficiently quantified. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the extent to which subclinical hypothyroidism or high-normal thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH] concentrations (i.e. upper normative-range TSH concentrations) contribute to mortality through its effect on CVD among U.S. adults. Methods: This study relies on the U.S. representative samples of 9,020 adults enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2001-2002, 2007-2012 and their mortality data through 2015. We employed Cox proportional hazards regression models to investigate associations between the TSH concentration categories (subclinical hypothyroidism or tertiles of serum TSH concentrations within the reference range) and all-cause mortality. Utilizing mediation analysis within the counterfactual framework, we estimated the mediation effect of CVD on the association between TSH and all-cause mortality. Results: The median duration of follow-up for mortality ascertainment was 7.3 (interquartile range, 5.4–8.3) years, during which 435 deaths from all causes were identified. Subjects with TSH in the subclinical hypothyroidism and the high-normal TSH tertile concentrations were associated with increased all-cause mortality (subclinical hypothyroidism: hazard ratio [HR], 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14–3.19; high-normal TSH: HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.07–1.73) compared with the middle-normal TSH tertile concentration. CVD mediated 14.3% and 5.9% of the effects of subclinical hypothyroidism and high-normal TSH on all-cause mortality, respectively, with the CVD mediation effect being most pronounced in women and subjects ≥60 years old. No mediation through CVD was found for low-normal TSH levels and all-cause mortality. Conclusion: CVD mediated the effects of subclinical hypothyroid and high-normal TSH concentrations on all-cause mortality in the U.S. general population. These findings may have potential implications for treatment, and early and more aggressive CVD screening for such at risk populations. Further studies are needed to examine the clinical impact of targeted therapy towards mid-normal TSH concentration.

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Is Social Support From Family Associated With PSA Testing? An Exploratory Analysis Using the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 2005

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988308328541 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 50-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kamilah B. Thomas ◽

Sean L. Simpson ◽

Will L. Tarver ◽

Clement K. Gwede

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Social Support ◽

Health Information ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

White Men ◽

The United States ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Psa Testing ◽

Instrumental Social Support ◽

National Trends

African American and White men have the highest rates of prostate cancer in the United States. Families represent important social contexts within which illness occurs.The purpose of this study is to explore whether prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing is associated with instrumental and informational social support from family members among a sample of Black and White men aged 45 and older. Data from the 2005 Health Information National Trends Survey were analyzed using logistic regression. The dependent variable was having a PSA test within the past year or less. The independent variables consisted of selected demographic and family informational and instrumental social support variables. The statistically significant variables included age and having a family member with cancer. Additional studies to elucidate the mechanisms of social support from family for prostate cancer are needed.

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Association of 152 Biomarker Reference Intervals with All-Cause Mortality in Participants of a General United States Survey from 1999 to 2010

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/hvaa271 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nam Pho ◽

Arjun K Manrai ◽

John T Leppert ◽

Glenn M Chertow ◽

John P A Ioannidis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Diagnostic Tests ◽

Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

The United States ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Distribution Width ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background Physicians sometimes consider whether or not to perform diagnostic testing in healthy people, but it is unknown whether nonextreme values of diagnostic tests typically encountered in such populations have any predictive ability, in particular for risk of death. The goal of this study was to quantify the associations among population reference intervals of 152 common biomarkers with all-cause mortality in a representative, nondiseased sample of adults in the United States. Methods The study used an observational cohort derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a representative sample of the United States population consisting of 6 survey waves from 1999 to 2010 with linked mortality data (unweighted N = 30 651) and a median followup of 6.1 years. We deployed an X-wide association study (XWAS) approach to systematically perform association testing of 152 diagnostic tests with all-cause mortality. Results After controlling for multiple hypotheses, we found that the values within reference intervals (10–90th percentiles) of 20 common biomarkers used as diagnostic tests or clinical measures were associated with all-cause mortality, including serum albumin, red cell distribution width, serum alkaline phosphatase, and others after adjusting for age (linear and quadratic terms), sex, race, income, chronic illness, and prior-year healthcare utilization. All biomarkers combined, however, explained only an additional 0.8% of the variance of mortality risk. We found modest year-to-year changes, or changes in association from survey wave to survey wave from 1999 to 2010 in the association sizes of biomarkers. Conclusions Reference and nonoutlying variation in common biomarkers are consistently associated with mortality risk in the US population, but their additive contribution in explaining mortality risk is minor.

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Coffee Consumption and Mortality Among US Adults: A Cohort Study

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa046_079 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 579-579

Author(s):

Bingjie Zhou ◽

Shilpa Bhupathiraju ◽

Mengyuan Ruan ◽

Kenneth Chui ◽

Dariush Mozaffarian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Coffee Consumption ◽

The United States ◽

P Value ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Disease Mortality ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Decaffeinated Coffee ◽

Caffeinated Coffee

Abstract Objectives Coffee is a commonly consumed beverage in the United States (US). It remains controversial whether coffee consumption is associated with health benefits or harms, especially when cream and/or sugars are added. Methods We assessed coffee consumption in association with mortality outcomes among 36,758 US adults ages 20+ years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2014. Consumption of total, caffeinated, and decaffeinated coffee, with and without additives, was assessed using dietary data collected from 24-hour diet recalls (24HR) and compared to coffee consumption assessed using a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Mortalities from all causes, heart disease, and cancer were obtained from linkage to the National Death Index through December 31, 2015. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after multivariable adjustments. Results The mean (SE) of the total, caffeinated, and decaffeinated coffee consumption among US adults was 1.36 (0.02), 1.19 (0.02), and 0.17 (0.004) cups/day, respectively. The Spearman correlation coefficient on coffee consumption for a subset of participants with both 24HR and FFQ is 0.78 (P-value < 0.0001). During a median follow-up of 7.4 years, a total of 4662 deaths occurred due to all causes, including 794 deaths due to heart disease and 1019 deaths due to cancer. Compared to individuals who were not usual coffee drinkers (<1 cup/d), those who drank coffee for 1 cup/day or more had a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR [95% CI]: 0.84 [0.76, 0.94] for ≥1 to <2 cups/d; 0.82 [0.72, 0.92] for ≥2 to <3 cups/d; and 0.80 [0.68, 0.93] for ≥3 cups/d; P-trend = 0.001]. Adding milk/cream, alone or with sugar/sweetener, did not significantly change the results. Similar patterns were observed for caffeinated coffee consumption and all-cause mortality, but no significant associations were found for decaffeinated coffee. Coffee consumption was not significantly associated with cancer or heart disease mortality except that moderate caffeinated coffee consumption (≥1 to <2 cups/d) was significantly associated with a lower risk of heart disease mortality [HR (95% CI): 0.72 (0.52, 0.98)]. Conclusions Usual coffee consumption was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality among US adults. Funding Sources NIH/NIMHD.

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Abstract 17128: Sleep Irregularity is Associated With Increased All-Cause Mortality

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.17128 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Adarsh Katamreddy ◽

Dipan Uppal ◽

Gokul Ramani ◽

Saul Rios ◽

Jeremy Miles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Cardiovascular Mortality ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

The United States ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Subdistribution Hazard ◽

All Cause Mortality

Introduction: Circadian rhythm disruptions are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. We aim to investigate if day-to-day variation in sleep duration and onset of sleep are associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Methods: 388 subjects with sleep data from Midlife in the United States(MIDUS) 2 Biomarker study(2004-09) were included. Objective sleep data was measured using the Actiwatch® device. Sleep onset, duration, sleep-wake cycles were collected for 7 consecutive days. Mean and standard deviations in sleep duration and time of onset of sleep over 7 days were calculated to assess for sleep irregularity and tertiles created. Mortality data was available with a follow up until December 2016. Cox proportional regression analysis was performed. Competing risk analysis for cardiovascular mortality was done with fine and gray subdistribution hazard. Results: Mean age 54.56±11.79 years; females 230(59.3%). BMI 30.56±7.06 kg/m 2. Over a median of 8.6 years follow up, 37 patients died including 10 deaths due to cardiovascular mortality. Sleep duration SD tertiles ranges were: 11-41 minutes, 42-67 minutes and 68-257 minutes in lowest to highest tertiles respectively. There was no statistically significant increase in cardiovascular mortality with variation in sleep duration. Tertile 3 vs 1: HR 4.00(0.45-35.48,p 0.21), but there was statically significant increase in all-cause mortality tertile 2vs1 and 3vs1 -HR 3.63(1.19-10.99, p 0.02), HR 3.99(1.33-11.94, p 0.01) respectively. Fully adjusted model showed tertile 2vs1 and 3vs1 HR 3.51(1.12-10.99, p 0.03), HR 4.85(1.52-15.49, P < 0.01) respectively. Conclusions: Day to day variation in sleep duration is associated with increased all-cause mortality but not cardiovascular mortality after adjusting for mean sleep duration, inflammation, diabetes, age, BMI, renal function and blood pressure.

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Approximate Mortality Risks between Hyperuricemia and Diabetes in the United States

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8122127 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 2127 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Po-Hsun Chen ◽

Yu-Wei Chen ◽

Wei-Ju Liu ◽

Ssu-Wei Hsu ◽

Ching-Hsien Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Risk ◽

Reference Group ◽

The United States ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Hazard Ratio ◽

Low Risk ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Mortality Risks ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Cvd Mortality

Aim: This study aimed to compare mortality risks across uric acid (UA) levels between non-diabetes adults and participants with diabetes and to investigate the association between hyperuricemia and mortality risks in low-risk adults. Methods: We analyzed data from adults aged >18 years without coronary heart disease and chronic kidney disease (n = 29,226) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2010) and the associated mortality data (up to December 2011). We used the Cox proportional hazards models to examine the risk of all-cause and cause-specific (cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer) mortality at different UA levels between adults with and without diabetes. Results: Over a median follow-up of 6.6 years, 2069 participants died (495 from CVD and 520 from cancers). In non-diabetes adults at UA ≥ 5 mg/dL, all-cause and CVD mortality risks increased across higher UA levels (p-for-trend = 0.037 and 0.058, respectively). The lowest all-cause mortality risk in participants with diabetes was at the UA level of 5–7 mg/dL. We set the non-diabetes participants with UA levels of <7 mg/dL as a reference group. Without considering the effect of glycemic control, the all-cause mortality risk in non-diabetes participants with UA levels of ≥7 mg/dL was equivalent to risk among diabetes adults with UA levels of <7 mg/dL (hazard ratio = 1.44 vs. 1.57, p = 0.49). A similar result was shown in CVD mortality risk (hazard ratio = 1.80 vs. 2.06, p = 0.56). Conclusion: Hyperuricemia may be an indicator to manage multifaceted cardiovascular risk factors in low-risk adults without diabetes, but further studies and replication are warranted.

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Number of teeth is associated with all-cause and disease-specific mortality

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01934-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yau-Hua Yu ◽

Wai S. Cheung ◽

Bjorn Steffensen ◽

Donald R. Miller

Keyword(s):

Density Measurement ◽

The United States ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Number Of Teeth ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Specific Mortality ◽

Functional Dentition ◽

Disease Specific Mortality ◽

Disease Specific

Abstract Background Tooth loss has been shown to correlate with multiple systemic comorbidities. However, the associations between the number of remaining natural teeth (NoT) and all-cause mortality have not been explored extensively. We aimed to investigate whether having fewer NoT imposes a higher risk in mortality. We tested such hypotheses using three groups of NoT (20–28,10–19, and 0–9), edentulism and without functional dentition (NoT < 19). Methods The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States (NHANES) (1999–2014) conducted dental examinations and provided linkage of mortality data. NHANES participants aged 20 years and older, without missing information of dental examination, age, gender, race, education, income, body-mass-index, smoking, physical activities, and existing systemic conditions [hypertension, total cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and stroke (N = 33,071; death = 3978), or with femoral neck bone mineral density measurement (N = 13,131; death = 1091)] were analyzed. Cox proportional hazard survival analyses were used to investigate risks of all-cause, heart disease, diabetes and cancer mortality associated with NoT in 3 groups, edentulism, or without functional dentition. Results Participants having fewer number of teeth had higher all-cause and disease-specific mortality. In fully-adjusted models, participants with NoT0-9 had the highest hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality [HR(95%CI) = 1.46(1.25–1.71); p < .001], mortality from heart diseases [HR(95%CI) = 1.92(1.33–2.77); p < .001], from diabetes [HR(95%CI) = 1.67(1.05–2.66); p = 0.03], or cancer-related mortality [HR(95%CI) = 1.80(1.34–2.43); p < .001]. Risks for all-cause mortality were also higher among the edentulous [HR(95%CI) = 1.35(1.17–1.57); p < .001] or those without functional dentition [HR(95%CI) = 1.34(1.17–1.55); p < .001]. Conclusions Having fewer NoT were associated with higher risks for all-cause mortality. More research is needed to explore possible biological implications and validate our findings.

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Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and mortality among adults with prediabetes

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgab402 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qi Lu ◽

Zhenzhen Wan ◽

Jingyu Guo ◽

Liegang Liu ◽

An Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Risk ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Sufficient Vitamin ◽

Cvd Mortality

Abstract Objectives To investigate the association of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels with mortality among adults with prediabetes. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 15195 adults with prediabetes (aged ≥20 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III and NHANES 2001-2014. Mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer was linked to National Death Index mortality data. Results The median (interquartile range) concentration of serum 25(OH)D was 60.5 (45.3, 77.4) nmol/L, and only 23.1% had sufficient vitamin D (≥75 nmol/L). Elevated serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly associated with lower levels of insulin, HOMA-IR, triglyceride, and C-reactive protein, and higher levels of high-density lipoprotein at baseline (all Ptrend<0.05). During a median follow up of 10.7 years, 3765 deaths (including 1080 CVD deaths and 863 cancer deaths) were identified. Compared with participants with 25(OH)D <30 nmol/L, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for participants with 25(OH)D ≥75 nmol/L were 0.66 (0.53, 0.82) for all-cause mortality (Ptrend<0.001), 0.66 (0.48, 0.89) for CVD mortality (Ptrend=0.001), and 0.82 (0.49, 1.35) for cancer mortality (Ptrend=0.32). For per unit increment in ln-transformed 25(OH)D, there was a 27% lower risk of all-cause mortality and a 34% lower risk of CVD mortality (both P<0.01). Conclusions These findings suggested that higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with lower all-cause and CVD mortality among individuals with prediabetes.

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