scholarly journals Helping learners engage with L2 words

AILA Review ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 95-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Deconinck ◽  
Frank Boers ◽  
June Eyckmans
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Vocabulary Acquisition ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Single Word ◽  
New Words ◽  
Basic Meaning ◽  
The Way ◽  
Target Words

The pace at which new words are acquired is influenced by the degree of engagement with them on the part of the learner. Insights from cognitive linguistics into the non-arbitrary aspects of vocabulary can be turned into stimuli for such engagement. The majority of Cognitive Linguists’ proposals for vocabulary teaching aim at helping learners appreciate the way a single word form can develop different meanings. This, however, presupposes knowledge of the ‘basic’ meaning of that word. We report an experiment in which learners under an experimental treatment were stimulated to consider the possibility that the form–meaning link in target words might not be fully arbitrary. The mnemonic effect of this task-induced engagement was assessed in relation to comparison treatments in immediate and delayed post-tests measuring both receptive and productive knowledge. Results show that simply prompting learners to evaluate the form–meaning match of words can foster vocabulary acquisition, although not all target words lends themselves equally well to this type of engagement.

Relationship between the target word form and children’s productions: place of articulation in Consonant-Vowel-Consonant (C1VC2) words in American English

Phonetica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-94
Author(s):  
Katsura Aoyama ◽  
Barbara L. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Target Word ◽  
American English ◽  
English Word ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Target Words

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate relationships between characteristics of children’s target words and their actual productions during the single-word period in American English. Word productions in spontaneous and functional speech from 18 children acquiring American English were analyzed. Consonant sequences in 3,328 consonant-vowel-consonant (C1VC2) target words were analyzed in terms of global place of articulation (labials, coronals, and dorsals). Children’s actual productions of place sequences were compared between target words containing repeated place sequences (e.g., mom, map, dad, not) and target words containing variegated place sequences (e.g., mat, dog, cat, nap). Overall, when the target word contained two consonants at the same global place of articulation (e.g., labial-labial, map; coronal-coronal, not), approximately 50% of children’s actual productions matched consonant place characteristics. Conversely, when the target word consisted of variegated place sequences (e.g., mat, dog, cat, nap), only about 20% of the productions matched the target consonant sequences. These results suggest that children’s actual productions are influenced by their own production abilities as well as by the phonetic forms of target words.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS ON K-POP FANDOM SLANG WORD-FORMATION IN THE DRAMA ‘HER PRIVATE LIFE’

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shandina Megarani ◽  
Jelita Dini
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Single Word ◽  
New Words ◽  
Complex Word ◽  
International Growth ◽  
Fan Communities ◽  
Linguistic Aspect

Slang is a language that is used daily and continues to grow due to the development of social media among fan communities. Each fan community has used slang specific to their interests, one of them being the K-Pop fandom. Despite the international growth of the K-Pop fandom and the spread of its cultural influence over recent years, there has been a lack of discussion on the linguistic aspect of its community, on the slang generated and used by its fan community in particular. Therefore, this research aims to expound on how K-Pop fandom slang words found in the drama ‘Her Private Life’ are formed. The study based its theoretical framework on the National Institute of Korean Language’s (2014) classification of new words in Korean based on its wordformation process. Out of the 24 slang words analyzed from the drama ‘Her Private Life’, there are 3 slang words in the form of a single word and 21 slang words in the form of a complex word. In the case of single-word form slang words, all 3 are created through the borrowing process; while complex-word form slang words are mostly created through the blending process, equating to 9 words in total.

scholarly journals The Impact of Different Context Levels on Vocabulary Learning and Retention

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Elham Zarfsaz ◽  
Parisa Yeganehpour
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Word Learning ◽  
Vocabulary Acquisition ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Vocabulary Development ◽  
Word Type ◽  
New Words ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Target Words

According to research on new vocabulary development by text, frequent experiences with foreign words, as well as the context in which these words appear, facilitate word learning and retention. The aim of this analysis was to see how context levels, word occurrence rates, and the combination of these variables affected the understanding and retention of unfamiliar words. Both zero, reduced, and high contexts were included in the study. The research included 60 Turkish EFL university students, with 20 in each of the three situations. The target words were the same for all learners in each condition. The high informative context was discovered that increasing word occurrences had significant effects on both productive and receptive knowledge of meaning while increasing word occurrences had significant effects on both productive and receptive knowledge of word type. The influence of frequent experiences with new words on vocabulary learning was only seen in the more comprehensive sense. It is realistic to provide learners with new words in high context to trigger vocabulary acquisition and retention.

Vocabulary Acquisition and Usage for Late Talkers Treatment: Effect on Expressive Vocabulary and Phonology

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Natalie Munro ◽  
Elise Baker ◽  
Sarah Masso ◽  
Lynn Carson ◽  
Taiying Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocabulary Acquisition ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Late Talkers ◽  
Lexical Learning ◽  
Speech Assessment ◽  
Target Words

Purpose This study examined the effect of Vocabulary Acquisition and Usage for Late Talkers (VAULT) treatment on toddlers' expressive vocabulary and phonology. Parent acceptability of VAULT treatment was also considered. Method We used a nonconcurrent multiple baseline single case experimental design with three late talking toddlers aged 21–25 months. The treatment was delivered twice weekly in 30-min sessions for 8 weeks by a rotating team of four speech-language pathologists. Toddlers heard three of their 10 strategically selected target words a minimum of 64 times in play activities each session. Expressive vocabulary and phonology was assessed pre–post, with parent interviews conducted posttreatment. Results All toddlers increased production of target words and expressive vocabulary. Ambient expressive vocabulary size increased by an average of 16 words per week (range of 73–169 words learned over the treatment period). On a 20-item, single-word speech assessment, the toddlers' phonetic inventories increased on average from three to seven consonants, and five to eight vowels. Two toddlers used protowords pretreatment, which were replaced by recognizable attempts at words posttreatment. Parents reported the treatment was acceptable for the child and their family with future consideration of parent-based delivery of the treatment in the home. Conclusions The results of this treatment provide further evidence of a model of intervention informed by the principles of implicit learning, and the interconnectedness of phonological and lexical learning. Investigation is required to establish the efficacy and feasibility of VAULT in clinical contexts. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14714733

The effects of word form variation and frequency on second language incidental vocabulary acquisition through reading

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Lee Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Vocabulary Acquisition ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Morphological Form ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Incidental Vocabulary ◽  
Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition ◽  
Target Words

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether frequency of occurrence and the level of morphological form variation (i.e., none, inflectional, and derivational) exhibited by target words might interact to affect incidental acquisition through reading. An intact class of English as a foreign language learners (n=32) was given a copy of an unmodified 37,611-token English novel containing 49 target nonce words to read within two weeks. After reading, they were given two unexpected forms of assessment (meaning recall translation and meaning recognition multiple-choice). Meaning recall results indicate an average of 10 words having been acquired and meaning recognition results indicate an average of 25 words having been acquired. For the meaning recall data, a significant interaction effect between word form variation and frequency was found. Results point towards the conclusion that an increase in frequency may have a beneficial effect on acquisition for words whose tokens vary inflectionally, a marginal effect for words that do not vary in form, and little to no effect on words that vary derivationally. Examination of the meaning recognition acquisition results for a subset of 29 target words occurring 2–4 times to control for frequency of exposure found a significant effect for word form variation. Post hoc comparisons indicated that participants acquired significantly more target words that did not vary in form. There was no significant difference in acquisition between those that varied inflectionally and derivationally. Taken as a whole, the results of the current study indicate that word form variation does affect incidental acquisition and it can indeed present second language learners with difficulties, especially when less frequent input is received of words that vary in form. Implications for future incidental vocabulary acquisition research and classroom pedagogy incorporating reading and vocabulary instruction are discussed.

scholarly journals Polysemy

Linguistics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Lossius Falkum ◽  
Agustin Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Formal Semantics ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Distributional Semantics ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Research Traditions ◽  
Straight Line

A word is said to be polysemous when it is associated with two or several related senses (e.g., a straight line/a washing on a line/a line of bad decisions; lose a wallet/lose a relative; a handsome man/a handsome gift). It is distinguished from monosemy, where a word form is associated with a single meaning, and homonymy, where a single word form is associated with two or several unrelated meanings (e.g., the ‘financial institution’ and ‘riverside’ meanings of bank). Although the distinctions between polysemy, monosemy, and homonymy may seem clear at an intuitive level, they have proven difficult to draw in practice. Some problems are how to count senses or meanings; how to decide whether two senses are related, and in which way they are related; and how to tell apart polysemy from pragmatic effects that affect lexical meanings. Some tests have been proposed in the literature, but such tests do not give uniform results, in part because there are different ways in which an expression can be polysemous. There is an emerging consensus concerning the following “minimal” taxonomy of polysemy, such that the polysemy a word displays can belong to at least one of the following patterns: (i) irregular or accidental polysemy (e.g.,The Sun is a star/Mary is a star), (ii) regular polysemy (e.g., catch the rabbit/order the rabbit), and (iii) logical or inherent polysemy (e.g., The book is interesting/the book is heavy). The current literature approaches polysemy from different perspectives and research traditions, including lexicography, formal semantics, cognitive linguistics, distributional semantics, psycholinguistics, pragmatics, and computational linguistics.

Word form retrieval in language production

2007 ◽  
pp. 470-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje S. Meyer ◽  
Eva Belke
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Knowledge Building ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Lexical Selection ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Phonological Knowledge ◽  
Phonetic Code ◽  
Selection Of

Current models of word form retrieval converge on central assumptions. They all distinguish between morphological, phonological, and phonetic representations and processes; they all assume morphological and phonological decomposition, and agree on the main processing units at these levels. In addition, all current models of word form postulate the same basic retrieval mechanisms: activation and selection of units. Models of word production often distinguish between processes concerning the selection of a single word unit from the mental lexicon and the retrieval of the associated word form. This article explores lexical selection and word form retrieval in language production. Following the distinctions in linguistic theory, it discusses morphological encoding, phonological encoding, and phonetic encoding. The article also considers the representation of phonological knowledge, building of phonological representations, segmental retrieval, retrieval of metrical information, generating the phonetic code of words, and a model of word form retrieval.

A Case for Grace? Case-Grammar, Frame-Semantics, and Biblical Hebrew חֵן

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Carsten Ziegert
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Biblical Hebrew ◽  
Frame Semantics ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Case Grammar ◽  
Basic Meaning ◽  
Biblical Texts

Abstract The traditional rendering “grace” for חֵן is controversial. Frame semantics, a theory originating in cognitive linguistics, anticipates that prototypical situations are evoked in language users’ minds each time a word is used. Thus, a “frame” for “חֵן situations” is reconstructed from Biblical texts. Apart from the basic meaning “beauty” which is offered in dictionaries, too, an extended meaning is presented: חֵן designates “the settling of a (potential) conflict between two parties that only one party can bring to a conclusion.”

The First Step in Attainment Way Toward Excellence Quality and Productivity in Organization

2017 ◽  
pp. 142-155
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abdoshshah ◽  
Abdorreza Karimi ◽  
Ali Ghasemi ◽  
Mahdi Khorasanian ◽  
Seyed Mahdi Mirhashemi
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
New Words ◽  
Management Consultant ◽  
Efqm Model ◽  
Optimum Productivity ◽  
The Way

New words are generated in quality & productivity every year. Some words point to basis & the words have an advertisement aspect for management consultant firms. Apart from these words, considering that the most important goal of any organization is obtaining (acquisition) high possible productivity or optimum productivity. We should have comprehensive & adequate acquaintance of organizational culture & present situation for making a choice of the best way of increasing productivity. We can say the way of increasing productivity is different in each organization considering important difference in organizational culture & present situation. In this chapter we explore productivity topic (subject) & practical mechanism for productivity establishment & ways of increasing productivity, then we survey established EFQM model (TQM) on Hasheminejad Hospital (Tehran, Iran) as a case study. Ultimately the first place (step) in attainment way toward excellence quality & productivity organization is presented based on output of questionnaire by utilization MADM methods.

Cross-language mediated priming: Effects of context and lexical relationship

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA I. SCHWARTZ ◽  
ANA B. ARÊAS DA LUZ FONTES
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Context ◽  
Linguistic Context ◽  
Word Condition ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Lexical Activation ◽  
Word Context ◽  
Mediated Priming ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
Target Words

We examined how linguistic context influences the nature of bilingual lexical activation. We hypothesized that in single-word context, form-related words would receive the strongest activation while, in sentence context, semantically related words would receive the strongest activation. Spanish–English bilinguals performed a semantic verification task on English target words preceded by a prime. On critical trials, the prime and target words were paired based either on a form-mediated relationship through the native language (L1), [e.g., bark (barco): BOAT] (Experiment 1) or on a semantically-mediated relationship [e.g., boat (barco): BARK] (Experiment 2). The prime word was presented either in isolation or after a sentence context. In Experiment 1 interference was observed in the single word condition only. In Experiment 2 interference was observed in both single-word and sentence contexts. The findings demonstrate that the context in which words are embedded has an impact on the type of lexical competitors that become active.

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