Variable realisation of verb-final /n/ in Idi

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Dineke Schokkin
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Language Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Tense

Abstract The present study reports on verb-final variable realisation of the alveolar nasal /n/ in the Papuan language Idi. Elision of /n/ is correlated with both linguistic and social factors: present tense, a following consonant, and speakers over 60 show significantly greater rates of /n/ elision. Data from a 1988 grammar sketch indicate that for the present tense, variable realisation of verb-final /n/ is a case of stable, and perhaps age-graded, variation. Conversely, spread of n-less-ness into the other tenses may be a case of a change-in-progress, but at present this cannot clearly be confirmed. The older generation (speakers over 60) consistently show the highest rates of /n/ elision in all tenses. Elderly people are seen as the most proficient Idi speakers, and their position in society perhaps allows them to be more variable in their language use.

scholarly journals FENOMENA PERLUASAN DAN PENYEMPITAN MAKNA DALAM ILMU SEMANTIK

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sirfi Fatoni
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Common People ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Distinguishing Features

This article examines  the expansion and narrowing of meaning in the field of semanticsThe reasons that triggers this research  because the meaning in one period of time can change and most likely different at other times, this situation occurs because of the development of thinking of language users and cultural changes. From there emerged several phenomena such as the expansion and narrowing of meaning. This research is a qualitative research. As for the research method  used descriptive analysis and critical. The findings of the research  are: (1) The expansion of meaning is certainly closely related to language use. The language-speaking community in expanding the meaning contained in a word can use analogy or with self-help language itself. Expansion is often caused by social factors. A word that changes its usage from a limited circle into general usage sometimes will expand its meaning and lose some of its distinguishing elements, (2) The expansion of meaning is not only a booster in the development of semantics and method in the development of linguistic science, but on the other side it shows the weakness of a language, especially for common people, (3) The expansion of meaning is the result of the abortion of some the distinguishing features of a word, while the narrowing of meaning is the result of the addition of some the distinguishing features of a word, (4) Narrowing of meaning is found in the realm of scientific and artistic terms, in fact it’s closely related to the phenomena of homonym and polysemy.

scholarly journals FENOMENA PERLUASAN DAN PENYEMPITAN MAKNA DALAM ILMU SEMANTIK

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sirfi Fatoni
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Common People ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Distinguishing Features

This article examines  the expansion and narrowing of meaning in the field of semanticsThe reasons that triggers this research  because the meaning in one period of time can change and most likely different at other times, this situation occurs because of the development of thinking of language users and cultural changes. From there emerged several phenomena such as the expansion and narrowing of meaning. This research is a qualitative research. As for the research method  used descriptive analysis and critical. The findings of the research  are: (1) The expansion of meaning is certainly closely related to language use. The language-speaking community in expanding the meaning contained in a word can use analogy or with self-help language itself. Expansion is often caused by social factors. A word that changes its usage from a limited circle into general usage sometimes will expand its meaning and lose some of its distinguishing elements, (2) The expansion of meaning is not only a booster in the development of semantics and method in the development of linguistic science, but on the other side it shows the weakness of a language, especially for common people, (3) The expansion of meaning is the result of the abortion of some the distinguishing features of a word, while the narrowing of meaning is the result of the addition of some the distinguishing features of a word, (4) Narrowing of meaning is found in the realm of scientific and artistic terms, in fact it’s closely related to the phenomena of homonym and polysemy.

LANGUAGE USE BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE HOST IN HITAM PUTIH TALK SHOW

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurmaliana Sari ◽  
Sumarsih Sumarsih ◽  
Busmin Gurning
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Talk Show ◽  
Dominant Language ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Domestic Activities ◽  
Female Host ◽  
Negative Connotation ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study discusses about language use occurred by male and female host in Hitam Putih talk show. The method of this research is descriptive qualitative. The subjects of this study are male and female host in Hitam Putih talk show. The data are the utterances produced by male and female host in Hitam Putih talk show. This research focuses on the show broadcasted on October 2016 by taking 4 videos randomly. The objective of this study is to describe kinds of the language use uttered by male and female host in Hitam Putih talk show. The findings showed that the kinds of language use consist of 6 parts. The dominant language use uttered by male host is expletive, because male’s utterances are frequently stated in a negative connotation. On the other hand, female host utterances are found in specialized vocabulary as the most dominant because female host has more interest in talking family affairs, such as the education of children, clothes, cooking, and fashion, etc. Women also tended to talk about one thing related to the home and domestic activities. However, the representation of language use uttered by male and female are deficit, dominance and different. Keywords: Language Use, Gender, Talk Show

Language change across a lifetime: A historical micro-perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (s2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Bergs
Keyword(s):  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The Social ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Linguistic Behavior ◽  
Micro Analysis

Abstract This paper focuses on the micro-analysis of historical data, which allows us to investigate language use across the lifetime of individual speakers. Certain concepts, such as social network analysis or communities of practice, put individual speakers and their social embeddedness and dynamicity at the center of attention. This means that intra-speaker variation can be described and analyzed in quite some detail in certain historical data sets. The paper presents some exemplary empirical analyses of the diachronic linguistic behavior of individual speakers/writers in fifteenth to seventeenth century England. It discusses the social factors that influence this behavior, with an emphasis on the methodological and theoretical challenges and opportunities when investigating intra-speaker variation and change.

Deutsch als schwächere Sprache bei deutsch-polnisch bilingualen Kindern: Studie zur Negation- und Verbstellung

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-297
Author(s):  
Aldona Sopata ◽  
Kamil Długosz
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Language Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Development Characteristic ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
Constrained Input

AbstractThis article examines the acquisition of German as the weaker language in the cases of German-Polish bilingual children. Focusing on negation and verb position, phenomena that have frequently been taken as diagnostic when distinguishing between the course of language development characteristic for first (L1) and second language acquisition (L2), we analyse experimental and productive data from six simultaneously bilingual children. Due to the constrained input, German is their weaker language. The results in Forced Choice and Grammaticality Judgements tasks are compared with the results of monolingual children. We show that in the area of negation the acquisition of German as the weaker language resembles L1, and in the area of inversion and verb final position the development of the weaker language is delayed. The striking difference between bilinguals’ results in the experimental vs. productive tasks points to specific processing mechanisms in bilingual language use. In narrative contexts of the production tasks the language of the performance is activated, while the other is inhibited, which leads to a target-like performance. Structural properties of the stronger language tend to be activated, however, in the experimental tasks involving the weaker language, resulting in non-target-like responses.

System for Assistance on Bath of Bedridden Elderly People

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Bezerra ◽  
José Machado ◽  
Vitor Carvalho ◽  
Filomena Soares ◽  
Bruno Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Ambient Assisted Living ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mechatronic System ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers ◽  
Aged Person

From Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) perspective it is important to have information regarding the type of care needed by bedridden elderly people (BEP) living in their homes, in order to support independence, autonomy and maximize their quality of life. Some basic tasks as eating, taking a bath and the hygiene cares may be difficult to execute, regarding that almost always the main caregiver is the other element of the couple (husband or wife). Following this trend, the development of mechatronic devices is of upmost importance in creating solutions to facilitate these tasks. This paper presents the conceptual design of a mechatronic system especially devoted to the assistance during the bath of BEP. Issues as reducing the number of caregivers to only one to assist the bath and reducing the system’s handling complexity (because most of the time it will be used by an aged person) are considered. Visits to rehabilitation centers and hospitals, and respective working meetings, are considered in the development of the proposed mechatronic system.

Including Social Factors in the Analysis of Reminiscence in Elderly Individuals

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Lamme ◽  
Jan Baars
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Life Course Theory ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Cultural Relativity

Developmental psychologists have studied reminiscence in elderly individuals using widely varied conceptions of adult development. Determinist psychologists conceived of reminiscent behavior in elderly individuals as constituting the last phase in normal development. Contextualist psychologists have pointed to the historical and cultural relativity of adult development, and highlighted the variation in elderly persons with respect to reminiscent behavior. However, they do not fully acknowledge the role the environment plays in establishing reminiscent behavior in elderly people. Therefore, sociological life course theory should be included in the analyses and interpretation of this behavior.

The use of balance training in elderly people with falls

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
PW Overstall
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Occupational Therapist ◽  
Home Modification ◽  
Muscle Strengthening ◽  
Strengthening Exercises ◽  
Multi Disciplinary Team ◽  
Multiple Interventions

Falls, once thought to be an inevitable consequence of aging are now known to be the result of multiple pathological, psychological and social factors. Moreover, well-conducted research has shown that they can be prevented. Initially it appeared that multiple interventions by a multi-disciplinary team would be the most sensible and indeed the only effective approach. However, single interventions may sometimes be appropriate and on cost grounds would be preferable, provided that they are effective. This is clearly the case in the use of pacemakers for patients who are falling because of cardioinhibitory syncope. However, home modification, a seemingly obvious and intuitively correct intervention, has not been shown to prevent falls, although advice from an experienced occupational therapist can reduce falls, especially in those who have fallen previously. Whether balance training on its own is effective in reducing falls, or needs to be combined with muscle-strengthening exercises and other interventions, will be examined.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Language Proficiency in Heritage Language: The Case of Young Russian Heritage Speakers in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-329
Author(s):  
Tamara Vorobyeva ◽  
Aurora Bel
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Heritage Speakers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Family Language

Abstract This study focuses on the issue of language proficiency attainment among young heritage speakers of Russian living in Spain and examines factors that have been claimed to promote heritage language proficiency, namely, age, gender, age of onset to L2, quantity of exposure and family language use. A group of 30 Russian-Spanish-Catalan trilingual children aged 7–11 participated in the study. In order to measure heritage language proficiency (L1 Russian), oral narratives were elicited. The results demonstrated a significant relationship between L1 proficiency and three sociolinguistic variables (age of onset to L2, quantity of exposure and family language use). Additionally, the multiply regression model demonstrated that the only significant variable affecting language proficiency was family language use and it accounted only for 33% of the variation of children’s language proficiency. The study raises the question about what are the other, yet unknown factors, which can affect heritage language proficiency.

scholarly journals Hyperbolic markers in modeling hyperbole: a scenario-based account

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Carla Ovejas Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Meaning Construction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
The Real ◽  
Theoretical Context ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario

This article discusses hyperbolic markers in modeling hyperbole from the perspective of a scenario-based account of language use within the framework of Cognitive Linguistics. In this view, hyperbole is seen as a mapping across two conceptual domains (Peña y Ruiz de Mendoza, 2017), a source domain, here relabeled as the magnified scenario, which contains a hypothetical unrealistic situation based on exaggeration, and a target domain or observable scenario which depicts the real situation addressed by the hyperbolic expression. Since the hypothetical scenario is a magnified version of the observable scenario, the mapping contains source-target matches in varying degrees of resemblance. Within this theoretical context, the article explores resources available to speakers for the construction of magnified scenarios leading to hyperbolic interpretation. Among such resources, we find hyperbole markers and the setting up of domains of reference. Finally, the article also discusses hyperbole blockers, which cancel out the activity of the other hyperbolic meaning construction mechanisms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document