Lexical templates within a functional cognitive theory of meaning

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 137-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Mairal-Usón ◽  
Pamela Faber
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
Meaning Construction ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Role And Reference Grammar ◽  
Reference Grammar ◽  
External Variables ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Within the context of the Lexical Constructional Model, which provides a comprehensive account of the relationship between syntax and all facets on meaning construction, this paper is concerned with one of the major representational modules of the model, viz. a lexical template. It is claimed that a lexical template consists of a semantic specification plus a logical structure. The logical structure formalism is constructed on the basis of Aktionsart distinctions proposed in Role and Reference Grammar (Van Valin & Lapolla, 1997; Van Valin, 2005). Aktionsart regularities are captured by the external variables of the template, specified in Roman characters, and by a set of high-level elements of structure that function as semantic primitives. Lexical templates also contain internal variables, marked with Arabic numerals, and formally expressed in terms of a catalogue of lexical functions. These variables capture world-knowledge elements that relate in a way specific to the predicate defined by the lexical template. In order to test the viability of lexical templates, a detailed analysis of a set of verbs within the lexical domain of cognition is included.

scholarly journals Automatically Representing TExt Meaning via an Interlingua-based System (ARTEMIS). A further step towards the computational representation of RRG

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Mairal-Usón ◽  
Francisco Cortés-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Role And Reference Grammar ◽  
Reference Grammar ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
Computational Representation

Within the framework of FUNK Lab – a virtual laboratory for natural language processing inspired on a functionally-oriented linguistic theory like Role and Reference Grammar-, a number of computational resources have been built dealing with different aspects of language and with an application in different scientific domains, i.e. terminology, lexicography, sentiment analysis, document classification, text analysis, data mining etc. One of these resources is ARTEMIS (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">A</span>utomatically <span style="text-decoration: underline;">R</span>epresenting <span style="text-decoration: underline;">TE</span>xt <span style="text-decoration: underline;">M</span>eaning via an <span style="text-decoration: underline;">I</span>nterlingua-Based <span style="text-decoration: underline;">S</span>ystem), which departs from the pioneering work of Periñán-Pascual (2013) and Periñán-Pascual &amp; Arcas (2014).  This computational tool is a proof of concept prototype which allows the automatic generation of a conceptual logical structure (CLS) (cf. Mairal-Usón, Periñán-Pascual and Pérez 2012; Van Valin and Mairal-Usón 2014), that is, a fully specified semantic representation of an input text on the basis of a reduced sample of sentences. The primary aim of this paper is to develop the syntactic rules that form part of the computational grammar for the representation of simple clauses in English. More specifically, this work focuses on the format of those syntactic rules that account for the upper levels of the RRG Layered Structure of the Clause (LSC), that is, the <em>core</em> (and the level-1 construction associated with it), the <em>clause</em> and the <em>sentence </em>(Van Valin 2005). In essence, this analysis, together with that in Cortés-Rodríguez and Mairal-Usón (2016), offers an almost complete description of the computational grammar behind the LSC for simple clauses.

scholarly journals Discrete Entailment-Based Linking and -EE Nouns in English

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 51-79
Author(s):  
Luis González
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Natural Class ◽  
Object A ◽  
Role And Reference Grammar ◽  
Indirect Object ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Reference Grammar ◽  
Prepositional Object

Barker (1998) argues that since the referent of an -ee noun can be an indirect object, a direct object, a prepositional object, or a subject, -ee nouns cannot be described as a syntactic natural class. Portero Muñoz (2003) concurs and offers a semantic analysis based on Logical Structure (LS) in the framework of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG). This article proposes that RRG’s macroroles (Actor and Undergoer) can be derived with two entailments and without any need for LS. Its analysis improves Portero Muñoz’s, presenting additional evidence that subjects that allow -ee noun formation are Undergoers. It also explains why most -ee nouns are direct objects in spite of the fact that the suffi Xoriginated as a referent for indirect objects. Finally, it offers an explanation for nouns like amputee, pluckee, twistee, benefactee, malefactee, biographee, catapultee, razee, standee, attendee.

Constructional meaning representation within a knowledge engineering framework

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Ricardo Mairal-Usón
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Engineering ◽  
Meaning Construction ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Language Understanding ◽  
Role And Reference Grammar ◽  
Reference Grammar ◽  
Meaning Representation

FunGramKB is a multipurpose lexico-conceptual knowledge base for natural language processing systems, and more particularly, for natural language understanding. The linguistic layer of this knowledge-engineering project is grounded in compatible aspects of two linguistic accounts, namely, Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) and the Lexical Constructional Model (LCM). RRG, although originally a lexicalist approach, has recently incorporated constructional configurations into its descriptive and explanatory apparatus. The LCM has sought to understand from its inception the factors that constrain lexical-constructional integration. Within this theoretical context, this paper discusses the format of lexical entries, highly inspired in RRG proposals, and of constructional schemata, which are organized according to the descriptive levels supplied by the LCM. Both lexical and constructional structure is represented by means of Attribute Value Matrices (AVMs). Thus, the lexical and grammatical levels of FunGramKB are the focus of our attention here. Additionally, the need for a conceptualist approach to meaning construction is highlighted throughout our discussion.

scholarly journals VERBAL CLITICS IN ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 581-597
Author(s):  
Ghani Rahman ◽  
Abdul Hamid ◽  
Laraib Rahat ◽  
Arshad Ali Khan ◽  
Abid Karam
Keyword(s):  
Projection Operator ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
Lexical Representation ◽  
Role And Reference Grammar ◽  
Reference Framework ◽  
Reference Grammar ◽  
Focus Structure ◽  
Activation Level ◽  
Relational Aspect ◽  
Dative Arguments

Purpose of the study: The present study analyses the interplay of semantics, syntax and pragmatics in Pashto clauses containing verbal clitics (VC) in the light of the Role and Reference framework. It particularly focuses on the relational aspect of the clause. The lexical representation of the predicating elements is presented. Methodology: The four projections of a Pashto clause i.e., constituent projection, operator projection, logical structure projection and focus structure projection are analyzed in the Role and Reference Grammar theoretical framework. Main Findings: The findings of the study show that VCs are different from both agreement markers and pronouns with some shared properties. A linking algorithm is proposed for Pashto from semantics to syntax and syntax-to-semantics based on the activation level of the referents. Applications of this study: The study analyses the discourse pragmatic conditions responsible for the occurrence of VCs in Pashto clause terms of role and reference grammar. The novelty of this study: The study has novelty in the sense that it describes the structure of the Pashto clause from a discourse pragmatic perspective which has never been investigated in previous studies. The study shows the movement is triggered by both actor (in present) and undergoer (in past) along with syntactic neutralization. The VCs are different from both agreement markers and pronouns with some shared properties identifying dative arguments like arguments and causing doubling like agreement markers and so, are linked to an ‘agreement index’ node.  

scholarly journals Resources in shaping the efficiency of dynamic capabilities of Polish enterprises

Upravlenie ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Sh. Tsifert ◽  
K. Kshakevich
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
Sales Growth ◽  
External Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research Resources

The dynamic capabilities, representing the organization’s competence to integrate, create and reconfigure internal and external competencies to ensure compliance with constantly changing environmental conditions, allow the organization to achieve a competitive advantage in the long term. The assumption of the background about the importance of dynamic capabilities for understanding the phenomenon of competition raises the question of the variables, affecting the effectiveness of the processes of formation of dynamic capabilities.The aim of this paper is discussion of the results of studies on the impact of resources on the effectiveness of the processes of formation of dynamic capabilities of Polish enterprises. The nature and essence of dynamic abilities of enterprises have been characterized in the article, the value of resources in the processes of formation of dynamic abilities of Polish enterprises has been noted, which subsequently allowed to formulate conclusions about the relationship between resources and efficiency of processes of formation of dynamic abilities of Polish enterprises have been formulated. The results of the research resources in the processes of formation of dynamic capabilities of Polish enterprises, presented in the paper, are fragment of the research project, whose goal is to develop a paradigm concept of dynamic capabilities from the perspective of strategic management, identification and analysis of dynamic capabilities of Polish enterprises.According to respondents in the process of questioning, sources of efficiency should be sought in external variables (customer loyalty, market share, sales growth), but not in internal variables (employment growth). Such a state, indicating the orientation of the organization outward, should be considered correct from the point of view of the logic of the dominant ways of constructing a strategy, since it indicates an understanding of the needs of the environment, while dynamically comparing with the expectations of this environment and the resources available to the organization.

scholarly journals The lexical representation of English verbs of action. Complex predicates and structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Ana Elvira Ojanguren López
Keyword(s):  
Logical Structure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lexical Representation ◽  
Complex Predicates ◽  
Role And Reference Grammar ◽  
Reference Grammar ◽  
Canonical Representations ◽  
Syntactic Function ◽  
Logical Structures ◽  
Theoretical Side

<p>This article aims at proposing a lexical representation for a set of English verbs of action. The analysis is carried out on the grounds of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) and includes aspects like <em>Aktionsart </em>type, macrorole and syntactic function assignment, linking, as well as nexus and juncture. Against this background, the meaning components of the verbs in question are analysed, in such a way that a logical structure based on a lexical representation is defined for each verbal class. Conclusions fall on both the descriptive and the theoretical side. From the descriptive point of view, <em>Fail </em>and <em>Try </em>verbs constitute a unified verbal class as regards their meaning components and grammatical behaviour and, thus, they are represented by means of a unified logical structure. Conversely, <em>Prevent </em>verbs and <em>Forbid </em>verbs require different logical structures that account for their divergent grammatical behaviour, corresponding to the Causative Activity and Causative Achievement <em>Aktionsart </em>types respectively. On the theoretical side, the logical structures of <em>End </em>verbs, <em>Fail </em>verbs, <em>Try </em>verbs and <em>Prevent </em>verbs stick to the canonical representations of RRG, while those of <em>Hinder </em>verbs and <em>Refrain </em>verbs require complex predicates and complex logical structures which allow to incorporate extra meaning components and to combine different <em>Aktionsart </em>types.</p>

Do Event-Related Brain Potentials Reflect Mental (Cognitive) Operations?

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Kotchoubey
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
External Variables ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Mental Operations ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

Abstract Most cognitive psychophysiological studies assume (1) that there is a chain of (partially overlapping) cognitive processes (processing stages, mechanisms, operators) leading from stimulus to response, and (2) that components of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) may be regarded as manifestations of these processing stages. What is usually discussed is which particular processing mechanisms are related to some particular component, but not whether such a relationship exists at all. Alternatively, from the point of view of noncognitive (e. g., “naturalistic”) theories of perception ERP components might be conceived of as correlates of extraction of the information from the experimental environment. In a series of experiments, the author attempted to separate these two accounts, i. e., internal variables like mental operations or cognitive parameters versus external variables like information content of stimulation. Whenever this separation could be performed, the latter factor proved to significantly affect ERP amplitudes, whereas the former did not. These data indicate that ERPs cannot be unequivocally linked to processing mechanisms postulated by cognitive models of perception. Therefore, they cannot be regarded as support for these models.

Academic motivation and professional skills development in the Specialty of Social Sciences and Tourism at a public university [Motivación académica y desarrollo de competencias profesionales en la Especialidad de Ciencias Sociales y Turismo de una universidad pública]

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Ana Cecilia De Paz Lazaro ◽  
Jessica Luz Palomino Collantes
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Academic Motivation ◽  
Public University ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Professional Skills ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Competencias Profesionales ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of the research is to determine the relationship between academic motivation and the professional skills development in the specialty of Social Sciences and Tourism. The study is quantitative and the design is non-experimental correlational translational. The results indicate that there is a high level relationship (0.914) between the independent academic motivation variable and the professional competences development in the Specialty of Social Sciences and Tourism. In conclusion, motivation is directly related to the professional skills development in the specialty of Social Sciences and Tourism. The research results conclude that there is a high relationship between the variables.

Barriers of physical activity (kinesiophobia) in patients subjected to cardiac rehabilitation

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Kocjan ◽  
Andrzej Knapik
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Polish Version ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackground: Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a process designed to restore full physical, psychological and social activity and to reduce cardiovascular risk factors. Fear of movement may contribute to the occurrence and intensification of hypokinesia, and consequently affect the effectiveness of therapy. The aim of the study was to determine the level of barriers of physical activity in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation. The relationship between selected determinants (age and health selfassessment) and the kinesiophobia level were also examined.Material/Methods: 115 people aged 40-84 years were examined: 50 females (x = 63.46; SD = 11.19) and 65 males (x = 64.65; SD = 10.59) - patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation at the Upper-Silesian Medical Centre in Katowice. In the present study, the Polish version of questionnaires: Kinesiophobia Causes Scale (KCS) and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were used. Questionnaires were supplemented by authors’ short survey.Results: The patients presented an elevated level of kinesiophobia, both in general as well as in individual components. In women, the kinesiophobia level was higher than in men. The psychological domain was a greater barrier of physical activity than the biological one. Strong, negative correlations of psychological and biological domains of kinesiophobia to physical functioning (SF-36) were noted in women. In the case of men, correlations were weaker, but also statistically significant.Conclusions: 1. Sex differentiates patients in their kinesiophobia level 2. Poor self-assessment of health is associated with a greater intensification of kinesiophobia 3. A high level of kinesiophobia may negatively affect cardiac rehabilitation process

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