The Passive Voice

Babel ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed K. El-Yasin

ABSTRACT This paper starts by discussing the importance of word order in translation. As an example, the passive-active relation is given to illustrate the importance of word order. It is shown that the word order in this case is an integral part of the meaning in the wider sense of meaning. This relation, moreover, is discussed in Arabic and English which do not exhibit parallel behavior. The mismatches between the two languages necessitate structural adjustments in translation if natural equivalence is to be achieved. It is noticed that Arabic tends to use less passive than English and, furthermore, does not have a natural method of expressing the agent in a passive sentence. However, an active construction (namely, the topic-comment construction) allows for a word order in which the effect of the English passive word order is achieved without having to use the passive in Arabic. Therefore, an English x is done by  is rendered as x,  does it in Arabic where it is a resumptive pronoun referring to x . Here, the x-y order is maintained and the passive is avoided in Arabic where it is rather unnatural. The agent is expressed as the subject of the comment which is an active sentence that naturally allows the agent to be explicitly stated. In this position, it follows the patient which is the desired order that reflect the original English order. A standard procedure for translating English passives into Arabic is proposed as a conclusion to the present study. RÉSUMÉ Le présent article étudie en premier lieu l'importance de la séquence des mots dans une traduction. En guise d'exemple, l'auteur cite la relation voix passive - voix active pour illustrer l'importance de la séquence des mots. Il démontre que dans ce cas-ci, la séquence des mots fait intégralement partie de la signification. De plus, cette relation est abordée pour l'arabe et pour l'anglais, deux langues dont le comportement n'est pas parallèle. Si le traducteur veut obtenir une équivalence naturelle, ces comportements divergents devront être ajustés au niveau de la structure. On remarquera que l'arabe utilise moins souvent la voix passive que l'anglais et que de plus cette langue ne dispose pas d'une méthode naturelle permettant d'exprimer l'agent dans une phrase passive. Cependant, une construction active (à savoir le commentaire d'un sujet) permet d'obtenir une séquence de mots reproduisant l'effet de la séquence passive anglaise sans obligation d'avoir recours à la voix passive en arabe. Dès lors, la construction anglaise x is done by y sera rendue par la construction arabe x, y does it dans laquelle it est le pronom remplaçant x. Dans ce cas-ci, la séquence x-y est maintenue et le passifest évité en arabe où il est ressenti comme une construction un peu artificielle. L'agent est exprimé comme sujet du commentaire, ce qui donne une phrase active permettant de mentionner explicitement l'agent. Positionné ainsi, l'agent suit le patient et on obtient l'ordre souhaité qui reflète la séquence d'origine en anglais. Pour conclure son article, l'auteur nous propose une procédure standard permettant de traduire les phrases passives anglaises en arabe.

Compiler ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asih Pujiastuti ◽  
Nurcahyani Dewi Retnowati ◽  
Nurwahiddatur Rohman

Active-Passive Sentences Converter is an android-based application that aims to transform active sentences into passive voice, it’s expected to facitate help elementary school children especially in particular to transform the active-passive sentences. The system on the application does not work if the entered sentences does not meet the S-P-O element, and for the predicate is not the same  as the active verb. If the user has entered the sentence in accordance with the standard active sentence then system will move the object on the active sentence into the subject on the passive sentence as well as the subject becomes the object, and replace the active verb into a passive verb with the particle di- on the predicate. This application can only be operated at least on 4.4 Kitkat android version. The result of the application tested was awesome with the 92% of correct percentage, after applied at three elementary schools are SD Jomblangan, SDN Adisucipto, SDIT Salsabila Al Muthi’in, SDN Berbah 1 and SD Muhammadiyah Noyokerten.


2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Barlow

Abstract Passivization has been characterized as a strictly morphological phenomenon. Some definitions of passivization even require the passive construction to exhibit special verbal morphology. Increasingly, however, there have been descriptions of languages that have “morphology-free” passive constructions. This paper presents data from Ulwa, a Papuan language of the Sepik region of Papua New Guinea, which forms its passive constructions through a syntactic operation. Specifically, passives are formed through the inversion of subject and predicate. Whereas the canonical transitive active sentence in Ulwa has the basic constituent order SOV, the corresponding passive sentence has the order VS, where the S of the passive corresponds to the O of the active. Agent arguments are optional; when they do appear in passive constructions, they are marked as obliques. The Ulwa data support claims that it is possible for passivization to be a syntactic phenomenon that operates on the level of the clause.


Author(s):  
Lina Septianasari

Passive voice is one of the important English grammar that should be mastered because it is used at formal and informal communication. The EFL students tend to produce grammatical errors in transforming active to the passive sentence because of syntactical interference of their first language. The objectives of this research are to know the types of errors that students made in transforming active to passive sentences, to know the students' problems in transforming active to passive sentences and to know the proportion of the students' errors. The subject of this research is 20 English students at one private university in Lampung. The result of this research shows that the total number of errors that had been committed by the students based on surface strategy taxonomy is 280 errors, which falls into the following proportion of the four kinds of errors in surface strategy taxonomy: 126 errors of omission error, 18 errors of addition error, 120 errors of misformation error, and 16 errors of misordering error.


Paramasastra ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suher M. Saidi

Function actors in Indonesian passive sentences often escape discussion books Indonesian syntax. The discussion focused on the function of more active voice. Treatment of the passive voice is restricted to the existence of an active sentence. In some syntactic outstanding books in general, functions of the perpetrators not be discussed in a clear and detailed. The average of these books use the concept of the subject (actor) in the active sentence becomes the object (the perpetrator) if subjected to a passivating process. The purpose of this study demonstrate the concept of correct function in accordance with the rules of syntax Indonesian. This study uses descriptive qualitative reviewed the literature to examine the function of the perpetrator based on syntactic theories, especially theories on the book Raw Indonesian Grammar as the main reference book. In addition, other books about the theory of syntax also be literature studies. The results of this study describes that concept of the function of the sentence in the passive voice. The results of this study were 1) the function of the actors in the passive voice can serve as complementary actors, title, and description, 2) the object never appears in the passive voice


2004 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Devėnaitė

The article deals with Japanese passive expressions and features of the usage of Japanese passive voice, introduces interpretations of the meaning of Japanese passive expression and the classification of the passive sentences. The explanation of the case necessary for the agent and the subject (receiver of the action) and the importance of unification of the viewpoint is also presented.The main conclusions are as follows:The scope of the usage of the passive voice in Japanese is wider than in Lithuanian, and there are a lot of Japanese passive sentences to which an interpretation of the Lithuanian passive “The agent did something, and the receiver of action entered such a state” does not apply.It can be said that some Japanese passive sentences, e.g., indirect passive sentences, are not so easy to understand even for intermediate and advanced level Japanese learners.The concept of the agent is not identical in Lithuanian and Japanese.The understanding of the concept of the agent is not identical even among Lithuanian learners of Japanese. There are a lot of learners who make a passive sentence relying on mother tongue and those who cannot unite the viewpoint of a sentence.The japanese passive voice means receiving influence of action (good or bad for speaker) regardless of the intention of the speaker (out of the range which the speaker can control). It means that “the receiver of action cannot know what happens and, moreover, cannot stop it.”


JURNAL ELINK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Mohammad Darohim

In passive voice, the subject receives the action of the verb. It is often used both in spoken and written form. For the learners, to change the active into passive voice of the target language is very confusing. The students usually make errors in building passive sentences as they ignore some aspects required in arranging best form of passive sentence. The students of El-Madani Islamic Boarding School Deket Lamongan were confused to change the verb in different tenses. The type of this research is descriptive quantitative. The research was chosen because this type of research defines what exist and may help to reveal new point and meaning. The survey and experiment, which were used in this research, was the phenomena of English errors passive sentences made by the students.  The population of this research is all the students of El-Madani Modern Islamic Boarding School.The researcher used test and questionnaire to collect the data. The result of this study shows that (1) the kinds of errors commonly made by the students in changing active voice to passive voice are errors of omission, errors of addition, errors of miss-formation, and errors of miss-ordering (2) The students have difficulties in understanding passive voice especially in four tenses, simple present tense, simple past tense, present continuous tense and past continuous tense. (3) Factors which affect students’ ability in passive voice are: classroom atmosphere, lack of experience in using English, teacher’s explanation was not clear enough, the differences between passive voice in Bahasa and English. Keywords: Students’ errors, passive voice


Author(s):  
Muayad Shamsan

This descriptive study sought to compare and contrast theta roles assigned to the passive voice arguments with special reference to the subject in Arabic and English. The findings of the study showed that both Arabic and English, though they belong to different language families, have close similarities concerning theta roles that could be assigned to the subject of the passive voice. The subject could have various theta roles (theme, patient, experiencer, source, goal, recipient, instrument, beneficiary, or location) in the two languages. The agent theta role could hardly be possible for a passive subject in the two languages. Agentive passive where the agent occurs in a prepositional phrase is more common in English than in Arabic. The study also showed that the recipient is preferably used as a subject of passive sentences with ditransitive verbs in the two languages. On the other hand, there are middle voice constructions in Arabic whose subject has a recipient theta role. The English counterpart for such constructions is passive voice. The study concluded that it is vitally important for Arab EFL learners to know these differences and similarities to help them understand the significance of maintaining the same theta roles of the arguments when they change sentences from active to passive or when they translate from Arabic into English or vice versa.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Nuz Chairul Mugrib ◽  
Dian Wahyunianto ◽  
Sumarlam Sumarlam

Wolionese language is the language spoken by the people in Bau-Bau, Southeast Sulawesi. The objective of this study is to describe active-passive voice of Wolionese that has not been widely studied. This study applied descriptive qualitative approachusing basic method, direct constituent division and advanced method form changing. The data were obtained by using cooperative method. The change of active sentence structure into passive sentence in Wolionese has its own pattern. Based on the data analysis of the active-passive voice of Wolionese, the result shows that Wolionese has specific markers attached in the verbs of the sentences to form or change from active voice to passive voice and vice versa. In the active voice, the markers found are ku-, ta-, u-, and a- that always be attached in the beginning of the verbs. They sometimes are also followed by -aka, -mo attached in the end of the verb. Meanwhile, in the passive voice there are also several markers found, they are -a, to- and i- that are attached in the end of the verb (-a) and in the beginning of the verb (to- and i-).


SUAR BETANG ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisten Parulian Sigiro

The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method because the method and technique of this research is fact findings that exist in the field as it is. Problem solved in this research are the problems associated with the system language syntax Siang. Thus, this study generally aims to collect data, analyze, and describe in depth and detail the syntax of the language system Siang. The results of this study indicate that the constituents of sentences in Siang include core constituents and constituents periphery. Common constituent sequence is the subject-predicate-object or simply the subject and predicate. Based on capital characteristics, characteristics, types, and patterns of sentences in Siang include declarative sentence, imperative and interrogative. Based on the characteristics of the predicate sentence in Siang  include 1) an active sentence consisting of active transitive sentences, active bitransitif, active intransitive transitive and intransitive sentences, 2) stative sentence consists of stative sentences ejuatif, locative, descriptive, eksistensional, and possessive. Characteristics, types and patterns Siang language sentence by sentence with diathesis include diathesis active and passive voice


Fachsprache ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 36-60
Author(s):  
Mathilde Hennig ◽  
Dániel Czicza

The article aims to examine grammatical features and pragmatic concerns of communicating in the sciences. In the research of certain languages, it became common to explaingrammatical features such as the usage of passive voice and nominal structures by communication requirements such as objectivity and precision. With the assumption that communication in science is designed to help gain and spread new insight, the authors tried to integrate several approaches to pragmatic and grammatical features of communication. By discussing the relationship between the grammar of certain languages and of the corresponding common language, the article also places the subject of communication in the sciences in the discipline of language variation.


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