On the conventionalisation and loss of pragmatic function of the passive in Late Modern English scientific discourse

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Seoane
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
Pragmatic Function ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pragmatic Strategies ◽  
Late Modern

This paper seeks to explain the radical decrease in the use of the passive voice in Present-day English scientific discourse. A number of different linguistic factors having been discounted in previous research, it is hypothesised here that passives are being omitted for two reasons. Firstly, they became conventionalised in scientific discourse and subsequently lost the pragmatic function which originally justified their high frequency in scientific texts. Secondly, over the course of the twentieth century two sociocultural circumstances converge that exert pressure on conventionalised passives to disappear, namely (i) the increasing competitiveness in the scientific community, and (ii) the democratisation of discourse. This hypothesis is tested in the present paper by analysing the function of passives in scientific discourse before the drop in frequency began, that is, in Late Modern English (1700–1900). With data from ARCHER and other sources I will try to show that passives in Late Modern scientific English exemplify the conventionalisation and loss of contextual function of pragmatic strategies, a scenario that, given the right sociohistorical conditions, leads to linguistic change.

scholarly journals Paradigmatics and Functioning of German Infinitive (Scientific and Journalistic Texts)

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-27
Author(s):  
E. V. Bodnaruk
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Temporal Characteristics ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Complex Characteristic ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
The Common ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Scientific Discourses

A complex characteristic of the structural and functional features of the infinitive in the texts of the German journalistic and scientific discourses is presented. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that it reveals the ratio of the infinitive forms presented in these discourses (infinitives I and II in the active and passive voice). The dependence of the use of forms on the semantics of the type of infinitive is considered. Particular attention is paid to the description of the syntactic functions in which the infinitive is used, to the identification of the most demanded of them. The correlation of syntactic functions with the temporal characteristics of the infinitive is determined. The relevance of the study is due to the use of a comparative discursive approach for the analysis of the infinitive. It is noted that the functioning of the infinitive in publicistic and scientific discourse reveals both similarities and differences. The author concludes that the differences in the use of the infinitive are due to the main differential features of journalistic and scientific texts, while the similarities indicate the common features that are characteristic of the German infinitive as a whole and distinguish it from other linguistic phenomena.

P367: High frequency deep rTMS over the right homologous Broca’s region improves naming in chronic post-stroke aphasia: a pilot study

2014 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. S145
Author(s):  
R. Chieffo ◽  
F. Ferrari ◽  
P. Battista ◽  
E. Houdayer ◽  
A. Nuara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Broca’S Region ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Enabling Technologies for Improved Data Management: Hardware

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
Kerstin van Dam-Kleese ◽  
Michael Hopewell
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Enabling Technologies ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right

The most valuable assets in every scientific community are the expert work force and the research results/data produced. The last decade has seen new experimental and computational techniques developing at an ever-faster pace, encouraging the production of ever-larger quantities of data in ever-shorter time spans. Concurrently the traditional scientific working environment has changed beyond recognition. Today scientists can use a wide spectrum of experimental, computational and analytical facilities, often widely distributed over the UK and Europe. In this environment new challenges are posed for the Management of Data every day, but are we ready to tackle them? Do we know exactly what the challenges are? Is the right technology available and is it applied where necessary? This part of enabling technologies investigates current hardware techniques and their functionalities and provides a comparison between various products.

Types of research texts in Russian historiography on the example of studying the history of entrepreneurship of pre-revolutionary Siberia

2021 ◽  
pp. 257-268
Author(s):  
Olga G. Klimova
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
Business People ◽  
Compositional Structure ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Doctoral Dissertations ◽  
And Behavior

The study is devoted to the analysis of research texts of the historiographic development of the history of entrepreneurship in pre-revolutionary Siberia. Modern historiography has accumulated a great deal of factual material. Historians have published monographs, thematic collections, articles, abstracts, reviews, reports, bibliographic indexes, encyclopedias and reference pub-lications, the councils defend candidate and doctoral dissertations on various problems in this area. The genre variety of scientific literature about business people reflects a broad professional and public interest in trade and other business activities and contributes to the coordination of research activities. Domestic historiography of the history of merchants and entrepreneurship in Siberia is represented by a significant number of works by historians of the region. The purpose of the study is to analyze the research text as a form of organizing speech material in the scientific discourse of studying the history of entrepreneurship in Siberia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. We use the methods of historical research, based on the analysis and generalization of research by other researchers, with the application of the principle of historicism, which made it possible to apply the historical-logical, historical-systemic methods. The region-oriented approach made it possible to study more fully the features of scientific texts in the historiography of the history of entrepreneurship in Siberia. The research results are as follows: scientific historical discourse is characterized by a certain set of norms, stereotypes of thinking and behavior; scientific communication plays a significant role in the life of society; genres act as a means of organizing and formalizing interaction in the scientific community; text as a form of organizing speech material in scientific discourse is characterized by the originality and recognizability of style, compositional structure.

Diaphragmatic flutter

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Walton ◽  
Michael Bonello ◽  
Malcolm Steiger
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Phrenic Nerve ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Rare Disorder ◽  
Nerve Crush ◽  
Irregular Variable ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

A 78-year-old woman presented with involuntary movements of her abdomen, which started after a right hemispheric stroke. She had irregular, variable, hyperkinetic predominantly right-sided abdominal wall movements. MR scan of brain confirmed a recent infarct in the right occipitotemporal lobe and the right cerebellum. Diaphragmatic fluoroscopy confirmed high-frequency flutter as the cause of her abdominal movements and confirmed the diagnosis of van Leeuwenhoek’s disease. Anthonie van Leeuwenhoek first described this condition in 1723 and had the condition himself. He was a Dutch businessman who is often acknowledged as the first microscopist and microbiologist. He disagreed with his physician who attributed his ailment as being of cardiac origin. Diaphragmatic flutter is a rare disorder that requires a high index of suspicion with symptoms including abnormal abdominal wall movements, dyspnoea and respiratory distress. Despite medical treatment, the patient was still highly symptomatic, so she is currently being considered for a phrenic nerve crush.

Differential criteria for clinical manifestations of biliary dyskinesia and chronic cholecystitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 32-34
Author(s):  
Ağaşirin Aydın oğlu Rüstəmov ◽  
◽  
Fatma Fatma Oruc qızı Rəcəbova7............ ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Chronic Cholecystitis ◽  
High Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Dyspeptic Symptoms ◽  
The Right ◽  
Frequency Ultrasound

For the diagnosis and differentiation of chronic cholesistoxolangiitis from the diseases of the biliary system, 20 patients used modern instrumental and laboratory methods. In these methods, excision cholesistorentgenography, retrograde cholangiography, high frequency ultrasound examination, and cholesterol in the blood, manometric tonometry. In the objective examination, patients were disturbed by the pain on the right side of the neck, on the right side of the breast and in the right rib. Dyspeptic symptoms such as lower appetite, nausea, vomiting, and meteorism have been discovered. Dietotherapy, spasmolitics, antibiotics, gallbladder and physiotherapy have also been used in the treatment. Thus, based on the results of our examination, it is recommended that they be used in early diagnosis of chronic cholesistoxolangitis. Key words: cholangiocholecystitis, gallbladder, symptoms, clinical, diagnosis

scholarly journals Stapled Peptides—A Useful Improvement for Peptide-Based Drugs

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 3654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Moiola ◽  
Misal G. Memeo ◽  
Paolo Quadrelli
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Peptide Structure ◽  
Peptide Drug ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Stapled Peptides ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Drug Synthesis ◽  
The Right

Peptide-based drugs, despite being relegated as niche pharmaceuticals for years, are now capturing more and more attention from the scientific community. The main problem for these kinds of pharmacological compounds was the low degree of cellular uptake, which relegates the application of peptide-drugs to extracellular targets. In recent years, many new techniques have been developed in order to bypass the intrinsic problem of this kind of pharmaceuticals. One of these features is the use of stapled peptides. Stapled peptides consist of peptide chains that bring an external brace that force the peptide structure into an α -helical one. The cross-link is obtained by the linkage of the side chains of opportune-modified amino acids posed at the right distance inside the peptide chain. In this account, we report the main stapling methodologies currently employed or under development and the synthetic pathways involved in the amino acid modifications. Moreover, we report the results of two comparative studies upon different kinds of stapled-peptides, evaluating the properties given from each typology of staple to the target peptide and discussing the best choices for the use of this feature in peptide-drug synthesis.

scholarly journals Cognitive implications of nominalizations in the advancement of scientific discourse

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iria Bello
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Scientific Writing ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Cognitive Dimension

<p>Nominalizations are well-known features of scientific writing. Scholars have been intrigued by their form and by their functions. While these features have been widely studied, the cognitive side of nominalizations in scientific texts still needs further attention. Nominalizations contribute to the advancement of discourse and at the same time add abstraction to the processes they convey and make them become more reified in the eyes of the reader. They are not mere verbal transformations as they change completely the cognitive configuration of the process they express. With examples retrieved from the astronomy subcorpus (CETA, 2012) of the Coruña Corpus the aim is to study nominalizations in the interface between cognition and language. The ultimate goal is to complement all the theoretical-descriptive studies on the topic by approaching the cognitive dimension and build a bridge for studies on the production and understanding of English scientific register.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document