Alienation techniques in screen translation

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto A. Valdeón
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Target Culture ◽  
Made In

This paper presents a critical approach to the translation of cultural items in the Spanish dubbed version of the American sitcom Will & Grace. The paper starts with a presentation of domestication and foreignization (Venuti 1995). The former is discussed in connection with the choices made in the target texts. I, then, introduce the term “alienation” as another strategy used to render culture specificities. In the second section I examine the key comical elements present in the scripts, in which cultural allusions also play a significant role. Section three explores how these culturally anchored lexical items are rendered in the Spanish version, establishing a taxonomy that includes preservation of international items, preservation of culture-specific items, substitution with a different source-culture item, substitution with an international item, substitution with a target-culture item, substitution with corrupted forms of target-culture items and substitution with a superordinate. The use and translation of expletives as elements unique to a language and culture are also covered. The final section discusses the transition from domestication to alienation.

Methods

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Homburg
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Rational Expectations ◽  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Price Setting ◽  
Reasonable Approximation ◽  
Planning Horizons ◽  
Elastic Labor Supply ◽  
Made In

Chapter 8 concludes the text with methodical remarks. It defends key assumptions made in the main text and compares them, to the extent they deviate, with more conventional premises. The chapter starts with a comparison of adaptive versus rational expectations. Thereafter, it contrasts infinite planning horizons, finite planning horizons, and overlapping generations models. The third section, which is devoted to modeling money, discusses money-in-the-utility, the transaction costs approach, and more recent theories that derive money demand from a microeconomic framework. The forth section shows that assuming a highly elastic labor supply is empirically unconvincing, whereas a constant labor supply simplifies the model greatly and appears as a reasonable approximation. The final section contrasts behavioral and choice theoretic approaches to price setting.

Is it unnatural to genetically engineer plants?

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Comstock
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
University Of Puerto Rico ◽  
Weed Science ◽  
Science Society ◽  
Genetically Engineer ◽  
Author Note ◽  
Made In

Author' note: This article is based on remarks made in February 1998 at the annual meeting of the Weed Science Society of America in Chicago. Those remarks were in turn based on an article, to be published in Spanish, titled “Es Antinatural la Manipulación Genética de los Animales?” The Spanish version will appear in the Proceedings of the Segundo Congreso Caribeno de Bioetica, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, March 1998. It addresses the question of the engineering of animals; the focus here is the engineering of plants. Whether one considers flora or fauna, the unnaturalness objection raises the same cluster of concerns. Consequently, an assessment of those concerns need not vary significantly in turning from animals to plants.

A numerical solution of the kinetic equations for a spectrum of Langmuir turbulence

1984 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-261
Author(s):  
Denis Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Solution ◽  
Relativistic Electron Beam ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Plasma Heating ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Langmuir Turbulence ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Isothermal Plasma ◽  
Principal Contributor ◽  
Made In

The main properties of a kinetic wave equation in an isothermal plasma, Te ≈ Ti, are discussed and a quick method of numerical solution based on factorization of the kernel of an integral equation is outlined. As an illustration the method is applied to the problem of plasma heating with a relativistic electron beam and it is shown how the evolution of a spectrum of Langmuir turbulence is the principal contributor to the heating of the plasma. The technique allows an estimate of the error which is present in the stationary solution, and this is made in the final section.

One Step Forward, Two Steps Back

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Engelkamp ◽  
Katharina Glaab ◽  
Judith Renner
Keyword(s):  
Critical Approach ◽  
Critical Potential ◽  
Specific Reading ◽  
Normative Evaluation ◽  
One Step ◽  
Made In

AbstractIn their response to our article »Office Hours«, Nicole Deitelhoff and Lisbeth Zimmermann issue three major points of critique towards our proposal of a critical approach to norm research: They criticize, firstly, our discussion of constructivist norm research, secondly, our use of the concepts of local and Western and, thirdly, the overall critical potential of our proposed approach, which they criticize as going merely beyond an unmasking gesture. We take our response to our critics, firstly, as an opportunity to clarify some of the arguments made in our article. Secondly, we confront the points of criticism outlined above and show that Deitelhoff’s and Zimmermann’s critique can only be maintained if one accepts their specific reading of our article. Moreover, it gets tangled up in three major contradictions and is built upon a problematic understanding of the relation between empirical facticity and normative evaluation.

The Image of Jews as Constructed by Lexical Items

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Xiu Gao
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western World ◽  
Merchant Of Venice ◽  
The Merchant Of Venice ◽  
The Face ◽  
Original Figure ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Target Culture ◽  
Social Backgrounds

In the Western world, Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice is controversial due to its stereotypical description of Jews as evil and greedy. In China, the work was not widely known until its translations came out. This article deals with two Chinese renderings of Shakespeare’s classic, by Laura White (1914–1915) and Shiqiu Liang (2001/1936) respectively, which reconstruct the image of Shylock and Jews on the basis of the translators’ perceptions of the original figure, combining their identities and social backgrounds. In imagology, based on the ideas of Pageaux (1989/1994), the image of the ‘other’ can be analysed on three levels: lexical items, larger textual units, and plot. On the face of it, the image of the ‘other’ in translation can originate in either the source or target culture. However, the present article, which focuses on the lexical level, shows that there is a third possibility – a lexicon that blends two or more cultures.

scholarly journals Eucologio Kyiviano della Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 15 del fondo Borgio-Illirico rimane uno dei più importanti codici slavi che rappresenta la vita liturgica della Chiesa della Rus’ di Kyiv (XV-XVI sec.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-278
Author(s):  
Petro Sabat
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Library Collection ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Made In

The article examines the history of the manuscript of the Kiev Euchologion (15th-16th century) located in the Vatican Apostolic Library (collection Borgio-Illirico No. 15). The places are given where this manuscript has survived, and how it has been used over the centuries. A historiographic analysis of previous studies was made and the descriptions of the manuscript that were made in earlier scientific studies were presented. In addition, paleographic and codicological aspects of this manuscript were given, and its uniqueness as well as its importance as one of the important sources for the history, language and culture of the Ukrainian nation were indicated and confirmed.

The Values of Imperfection

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 225-238
Author(s):  
Mads Rosendahl Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Way

Georges Perec's La Vie mode d'emploi ( Life: A User's Manual) was famously based on a number of meticulously crafted lists, including a list of errors that should be made in the writing of each chapter. The engagement with imperfection in Perec's novel is central in the way it balances structure and composition with random and exchangeable elements and throughout his work the random plays a significant role. In this article, I will move from Perec's work to a wider discussion of the values of imperfection in two distinct domains: the idea of the classic and the vision of the posthuman.

Target Language, Target Culture

2020 ◽  
pp. 1064-1081
Author(s):  
José Carlos Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Target Language ◽  
General Description ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Language Classrooms ◽  
Target Culture

Learning a language must result in becoming competent in a new culture because accessing the culture language stands for and being able to share its cultural content requires learning not just the meaning but also the historical and social background of its vocabulary. Words reveal the linguistic and social behavior of native speakers and give students a full understanding of the target language. This chapter deals with different concerns present in foreign language classrooms, a space where language and intercultural competence must be developed. It describes some linguistic competence-related concerns (Section 1), then it deals with specific intercultural related aspects of grammar and perception which are part of the linguistic competence to be developed in class (Section 2) and it finishes with a general description of three basic ways used in the Spanish-as-second-language (SSL) classroom in order to teach language and culture so as to help students to develop intercultural competence (Section 3).

L'hexagone?

2017 ◽  
pp. 234-256
Author(s):  
Sue Train ◽  
Catherine Wilks
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Student Identity ◽  
French Translation ◽  
Cultural Assumptions ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Back Translation ◽  
Language Students ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
High Level

In this chapter the authors seek to investigate how undergraduates in French translation classes can be taught to identify and move beyond their own individual cultural identities to improve intercultural and linguistic competences. Language students must “reflect on the world and themselves through the lens of another language and culture” (MLA, 2007). The authors confirm their observations, that students are unaware of cultural assumptions made when transferring lexical items from one language to another, through a series of studies. These documented studies inform strategies they develop to help students attain the high level of intercultural and linguistic competences expected. The authors discuss how the diversity of student identity has an impact on cultural approaches to translation. The authors draw on Iceberg theory (Hall, 1976) and Byram, Kramsch and Olk's work. They review methodologies including the translation of specific lexical items and also back translation. They analyse the resulting data and conclude with further points for reflection and potential methodologies.

Edward IV, the Earl of Warwick, and a Changing Urban Sector, 1461–71

2019 ◽  
pp. 181-224
Author(s):  
Eliza Hartrich
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Municipal Politics ◽  
Urban Sector ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Political Sector

In the 1460s the urban political sector altered dramatically. The first three sections of this chapter explain how and why these changes occurred. Two of the features that had discouraged urban political engagement in the 1450s—the failure of royal institutions to facilitate inter-urban contact and the lack of a financial stake for townspeople in the success of royal government—no longer existed. The beginning of Edward IV’s reign also coincided with economic changes that brought artisans and gentlemen into municipal politics, many of whom were highly critical of civic governments. In these circumstances, urban and national politics frequently merged and conflict escalated easily. The final section of the chapter focuses on the significant role played by the urban sector in the civil wars of 1469–71, in which townspeople influenced the discourse employed by the earl of Warwick and dictated the course of events.

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