Hearsay evidential marking strategy in Lhagang Tibetan

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-167
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Suzuki ◽  
Sonam Wangmo
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Oral Literature ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Reasonable Explanation ◽  
Full Responsibility ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Literature Theory ◽  
Linguistic Approach

Abstract This exploratory study focuses on the use of hearsay evidential marking in the course of storytelling in a Tibetic language, Lhagang Tibetan, combining a descriptive linguistic approach with a literary-theoretic analysis. Tibetic languages generally possess a morpho-syntactically encoded evidential-epistemic system, in which the hearsay evidential represents a non-first-hand information source. However, we find a random use of the hearsay evidential marker in the oral literature of Lhagang Tibetan, although it has been transmitted from one generation to another by storytellers. The article aims to provide a reasonable explanation for the use of the hearsay evidential in storytelling. It proposes that hearsay evidential marking reflects the speaker’s attitude towards the utterance to either avoid full responsibility for the utterance or enhance the utterance’s authenticity. The former objective principally appears in telling a story based on a weak memory of the story; the latter appears in telling a legend. This explanation is supported by oral literature theory, especially the arguments regarding the difference between folktales and legends.

scholarly journals Mathematical Investigation Proficiency among Singapore Secondary School Students: An Exploratory Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
Joseph B. W. YEO
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Specific Problem ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
School Students ◽  
Know How ◽  
Mathematical Investigation ◽  
Paper And Pencil ◽  
The Difference

This article presents an exploratory study to find out whether high-ability secondary school students in Singapore were able to deal with open mathematical investigative tasks. A class of Secondary One (or Grade 7) students, who had no prior experience with this kind of investigation, were given a paper-and-pencil test consisting of four open tasks. The results show that these students did not even know how to begin, despite sample questions being given in the first two tasks to guide and help them pose their own problems. The main difficulty was the inability to understand the task requirement: what does it mean to investigate? Another issue was the difference between searching for any patterns without a specific problem to solve, and searching for patterns to solve a given problem. The implications of these findings on teaching and on research methodologies that rely on paper-and-pencil test instruments will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Study of Stable Isotope Compositions of Maternal Milk and Implications for the Palaeo-Diet of Infants

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Herrscher ◽  
G. Goude ◽  
L. Metz
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Maternal Milk ◽  
Carbon Isotope Ratios ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

The classic interpretation of stable isotope data from young children in an archaeological context is based on the hypothesis that the nitrogen isotope ratios present in breast milk remain identical throughout the breastfeeding period. This exploratory study assesses the changes in the nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios in maternal milk and in the nails of the mother and child, with the aim to evaluate the impact of variations in the stable isotope ratios in maternal milk on the tissues of children, and consequently on the reconstruction of the palaeo-diet of young children. The results show that the isotopic composition of maternal milk diminishes in relation to the mother's tissues like nails and, by extrapolation, bones. The δ15N values of the milk vary little during the weeks of breastfeeding, but this is not the case for carbon, which varies considerably during the course of breastfeeding and weaning and does not seem to be linked to the mother's diet and/or to the height and weight of the child. The difference between the δ15N values recorded for the mother's and child's nails is less than 2‰, which is lower than the values often cited in bioarchaeological literature. In addition, the data from this study does not confirm the hypothesis of a significant increase in heavy isotopes in the nails of newborn babies in relation to those of their mother at childbirth.

Juvenile Justice Reform and the Difference it Makes: An Exploratory Study of the Impact of Policy Change on Detention Worker Attitudes

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Bazemore ◽  
Todd J. Dicker ◽  
Ron Nyhan
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Juvenile Detention ◽  
Staff Attitudes ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Punitive Attitudes ◽  
Worker Attitudes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Detention Facilities

Despite increasing interest in policy implementation and reform, few studies have examined the impact of criminal justice reforms on staff attitudes. This article compares several dimensions of staff attitudes in two similar juvenile detention facilities: one that has undergone significant reform in policy and practice governing staff/detainee interaction and one that has not. Based on survey data gathered from workers in both facilities in the fall of 1991 (N = 109), exploratory findings reveal significant differences between workers in the two facilities in punitive attitudes, but few differences in other attitudes. Implications for understanding both behavioral and cognitive impacts of reforms are discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of activities in self-esteem of patients in a pulmonary rehabilitation program

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Nascimento de Oliveira ◽  
Cecilia Melo Rosa Tavares ◽  
Selma Denis Squassoni ◽  
Nadine Cristina Machado ◽  
Priscila Kessar Cordoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Pulmonary Rehabilitation ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Image ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program

Objective To evaluate self-esteem and self-image of respiratory diseases patients in a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program, who participated in socialization and physical fitness activities, and of patients who participated only in physical fitness sessions. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional exploratory study. Out of a total of 60 patients analyzed, all enrolled in the Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program, 42 participated in at least one of the proposed activities, 10 did not participate in any activity and 8 were excluded (7 were discharged and 1 died). Results When the two groups were compared, despite the fact that both demonstrated low self-esteem and self-image, the difference between them was relevant (p<0.05) regarding self-esteem, indicating that those who participated in the proposed socialization activities had better self-esteem than the individuals who only did the physical fitness sessions. Regarding self-image, the difference between the groups was not relevant (p>0.05). Conclusion The Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program patients evaluated presented low self-esteem and self-image; however, those carrying out some socialization activity proposed had better self-esteem as compared to the individuals who did only the physical fitness sessions.

scholarly journals CORRELATIONS IN QUANTUM PHYSICS

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (01n03) ◽  
pp. 1345017 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSS DORNER ◽  
VLATKO VEDRAL
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Quantum Measurements ◽  
Harmonic Oscillators ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Coupled Harmonic Oscillators ◽  
Quantum Mutual Information ◽  
Classical Correlations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Thermodynamic Transformations

We provide a historical perspective of how the notion of correlations has evolved within quantum physics. We begin by reviewing Shannon's information theory and its first application in quantum physics, due to Everett, in explaining the information conveyed during a quantum measurement. This naturally leads us to Lindblad's information theoretic analysis of quantum measurements and his emphasis of the difference between the classical and quantum mutual information. After briefly summarizing the quantification of entanglement using these ideas, we arrive at the concept of quantum discord, which naturally captures the boundary between entanglement and classical correlations. Finally we discuss possible links between discord, which the generation of correlations in thermodynamic transformations of coupled harmonic oscillators.

scholarly journals Social Researchers’ Approaches to Research Ethics During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 155626462110550
Author(s):  
Adrianna Surmiak ◽  
Beata Bielska ◽  
Katarzyna Kalinowska
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
New Situation

The global COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine/distancing measures have forced researchers to cope with a new situation. This paper aimed to analyze how the pandemic and its associated constraints have affected social researchers’ approach to research ethics. Drawing on an online qualitative survey with 193 Polish social researchers conducted in April and May 2020, we distinguished three approaches: nothing has changed, opportunity-oriented, and precautionary. According to the first, the pandemic was not regarded as a situation that required additional reflection on ethical issues or changes in research approaches. By contrast, the other two were based on the assumption that the pandemic affected research project ethics. The difference was in the assessment of changes in the area of ethics. The pandemic presented an opportunity and a threat to the ethicality of research, respectively. We discuss the implications of all three approaches for research and education.

scholarly journals Promoting Coordination through Reducing Language Barriers in the Fight against COVID-19 pandemic: Messages on a survey on foreigners living in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Wendao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Language Barriers ◽  
Major Obstacle ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Information Accessibility ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Global Coordination

Based on an online questionnaire survey that focusing on foreigners in China conducted between the end of March and early April of 2020, this work finds that the language is a major obstacle that preventing foreigners living in China to get same consciousness of COVID-19 pandemic as local Chinese. It also shows the difference in information source significantly affect foreigners’ information accessibility as well as attitudes towards the pandemic. We call for more efforts to eliminate the language barriers in the transmission of pandemic information, which can be critical for global coordination in the current fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.

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