scholarly journals What do(es) you mean? the pragmatics of generic second person pronouns in modern spoken Danish

Pragmatics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Juel Jensen ◽  
Frans Gregersen
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Activity Type ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Generic Pronouns ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

In modern Danish, the most frequently used pronoun for generic reference is man, developed from the noun man(d) ‘man’. Recently, though, the second person singular pronoun du has gained ground, in parallel to similar recent developments in other languages. A large-scale, longitudinal study of the LANCHART corpus of spoken Danish has documented a rise in the use of generic du in Copenhagen (and later in the rest of Denmark) during the period from the early 1970s, where generic du was practically non-existent, till the late 1980s where du comprised around 25% of all pronouns with generic meaning. However, recordings from the 2000s show that the use of du has peaked and is now decreasing or stabilizing at a lower level.This article focuses on intra-individual and intra-conversational variation within the LANCHART corpus with the aim of uncovering the pragmatic effect of using du instead of other generic pronouns. All passages in the recordings have been coded according to macro speech act, activity type, type of interaction and genre as well as enunciation. The results of a statistical analysis using mixed models show a number of correlations as to the use of generic du (in comparison with man), and by and large support the claim that generic du is used as a resource for construing involvement, arguably by exploiting the ambiguity of du between a generic and a specific second person meaning. These quantitative results make up the point of departure for corroborating qualitative analyses of the discourse framing of the use of generic pronouns.

Trends in Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 228-229
Author(s):  
C. Colliex ◽  
P. Trebbia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Electron Energy Loss ◽  
Primary Electrons

The physical foundations for the use of electron energy loss spectroscopy towards analytical purposes, seem now rather well established and have been extensively discussed through recent publications. In this brief review we intend only to mention most recent developments in this field, which became available to our knowledge. We derive also some lines of discussion to define more clearly the limits of this analytical technique in materials science problems.The spectral information carried in both low ( 0<ΔE<100eV ) and high ( >100eV ) energy regions of the loss spectrum, is capable to provide quantitative results. Spectrometers have therefore been designed to work with all kinds of electron microscopes and to cover large energy ranges for the detection of inelastically scattered electrons (for instance the L-edge of molybdenum at 2500eV has been measured by van Zuylen with primary electrons of 80 kV). It is rather easy to fix a post-specimen magnetic optics on a STEM, but Crewe has recently underlined that great care should be devoted to optimize the collecting power and the energy resolution of the whole system.

Recent Developments in the Downstream Processing of Phycobiliproteins from Algae: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayekpam Chandralekha Devi ◽  
G. K. Hamsavi ◽  
Simran Sahota ◽  
Rochak Mittal ◽  
Hrishikesh A. Tavanandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Cell Wall Disruption ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Macro Algae

Abstract: Algae (both micro and macro) have gained huge attention in the recent past for their high commercial value products. They are the source of various biomolecules of commercial applications ranging from nutraceuticals to fuels. Phycobiliproteins are one such high value low volume compounds which are mainly obtained from micro and macro algae. In order to tap the bioresource, a significant amount of work has been carried out for large scale production of algal biomass. However, work on downstream processing aspects of phycobiliproteins (PBPs) from algae is scarce, especially in case of macroalgae. There are several difficulties in cell wall disruption of both micro and macro algae because of their cell wall structure and compositions. At the same time, there are several challenges in the purification of phycobiliproteins. The current review article focuses on the recent developments in downstream processing of phycobiliproteins (mainly phycocyanins and phycoerythrins) from micro and macroalgae. The current status, the recent advancements and potential technologies (that are under development) are summarised in this review article besides providing future directions for the present research area.

New Work on Speech Acts

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
New Work ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Relationship

The essays collected in this book represent recent advances in our understanding of speech acts-actions like asserting, asking, and commanding that speakers perform when producing an utterance. The study of speech acts spans disciplines, and embraces both the theoretical and scientific concerns proper to linguistics and philosophy as well as the normative questions that speech acts raise for our politics, our societies, and our ethical lives generally. It is the goal of this book to reflect the diversity of current thinking on speech acts as well as to bring these conversations together, so that they may better inform one another. Topics explored in this book include the relationship between sentence grammar and speech act potential; the fate of traditional frameworks in speech act theory, such as the content-force distinction and the taxonomy of speech acts; and the ways in which speech act theory can illuminate the dynamics of hostile and harmful speech. The book takes stock of well over a half century of thinking about speech acts, bringing this classicwork in linewith recent developments in semantics and pragmatics, and pointing the way forward to further debate and research.

scholarly journals On the geophysical processes impacting palaeo-sea-level observations

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Yokoyama ◽  
Anthony Purcell
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ice Volume ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Geophysical Processes

AbstractPast sea-level change represents the large-scale state of global climate, reflecting the waxing and waning of global ice sheets and the corresponding effect on ocean volume. Recent developments in sampling and analytical methods enable us to more precisely reconstruct past sea-level changes using geological indicators dated by radiometric methods. However, ice-volume changes alone cannot wholly account for these observations of local, relative sea-level change because of various geophysical factors including glacio-hydro-isostatic adjustments (GIA). The mechanisms behind GIA cannot be ignored when reconstructing global ice volume, yet they remain poorly understood within the general sea-level community. In this paper, various geophysical factors affecting sea-level observations are discussed and the details and impacts of these processes on estimates of past ice volumes are introduced.

scholarly journals Advances in the automated synthesis of 6-[18F]Fluoro-L-DOPA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ângela C. B. Neves ◽  
Ivanna Hrynchak ◽  
Inês Fonseca ◽  
Vítor H. P. Alves ◽  
Mariette M. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumours ◽  
Radiochemical Yield ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Molar Activity ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Improved Methods

AbstractThe neurotracer 6-[18F] FDOPA has been, for many years, a powerful tool in PET imaging of neuropsychiatric diseases, movement disorders and brain malignancies. More recently, it also demonstrated good results in the diagnosis of other malignancies such as neuroendocrine tumours, pheochromocytoma or pancreatic adenocarcinoma.The multiple clinical applications of this tracer fostered a very strong interest in the development of new and improved methods for its radiosynthesis. The no-carrier-added nucleophilic 18F-fluorination process has gained increasing attention, in recent years, due to the high molar activities obtained, when compared with the other methods although the radiochemical yield remains low (17–30%). This led to the development of several nucleophilic synthetic processes in order to obtain the product with molar activity, radiochemical yield and enantiomeric purity suitable for human PET studies.Automation of the synthetic processes is crucial for routine clinical use and compliance with GMP requirements. Nevertheless, the complexity of the synthesis makes the production challenging, increasing the chance of failure in routine production. Thus, for large-scale clinical application and wider use of this radiopharmaceutical, progress in the automation of this complex radiosynthesis is of critical importance.This review summarizes the most recent developments of 6-[18F]FDOPA radiosynthesis and discusses the key issues regarding its automation for routine clinical use.

A Review of Machine Learning and Data Mining Approaches for Business Applications in Social Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-53
Author(s):  
Evis Trandafili ◽  
Marenglen Biba
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Viral Marketing ◽  
Social Network Mining ◽  
Business Applications ◽  
Mining Community ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Analysis Of Social Networks

Social networks have an outstanding marketing value and developing data mining methods for viral marketing is a hot topic in the research community. However, most social networks remain impossible to be fully analyzed and understood due to prohibiting sizes and the incapability of traditional machine learning and data mining approaches to deal with the new dimension in the learning process related to the large-scale environment where the data are produced. On one hand, the birth and evolution of such networks has posed outstanding challenges for the learning and mining community, and on the other has opened the possibility for very powerful business applications. However, little understanding exists regarding these business applications and the potential of social network mining to boost marketing. This paper presents a review of the most important state-of-the-art approaches in the machine learning and data mining community regarding analysis of social networks and their business applications. The authors review the problems related to social networks and describe the recent developments in the area discussing important achievements in the analysis of social networks and outlining future work. The focus of the review in not only on the technical aspects of the learning and mining approaches applied to social networks but also on the business potentials of such methods.

scholarly journals T/V Pronouns and FTAs in the Works of Sir Thomas Malory: Medieval Politeness and Impoliteness in Directives, Expressives, and Commissives

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-176
Author(s):  
Malwina Wiśniewska-Przymusińska
Keyword(s):  
Middle English ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Sir Thomas Malory ◽  
King Arthur ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Pragmatic Research ◽  
Thomas Malory

Abstract Middle English second person pronouns thou and you (T/V) are considered to be among the means employed by medieval speakers to express their attitudes towards each other. Along with face-threatening acts, the use of these pronouns could indicate power relations or solidarity/distance between the interactants (Taavitsainen & Jucker 2003; Jucker 2010; Mazzon 2010; Bax & Kádár 2011, 2012; Jucker 2012). Using the tools available in pragmatic research, this paper attempts to provide an analysis of selected fragments from The Works of Sir Thomas Malory (Vinaver 1948 [1947]), analysed through the lens of Searle’s speech act theory (1969, 1976). The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the usage of T/V pronouns in polite or impolite contexts depends on the speech act in which they appear or not. Secondly, it looks at the presence of face-threatening acts (FTAs) and their potential influence on polite or impolite pronoun usage. Lastly, the analysis looks at the usage of FTAs within specific speech acts. The fragments used in this article were chosen from five chapters of Malory’s text: The Tale of King Arthur, Lancelot and Guinevere, The Morte Arthur, The Noble Tale, and Tristram de Lyones.

scholarly journals Resilient retfærdighed?

2018 ◽  
pp. 157-171
Author(s):  
Stefan Gaarsmand Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
System Change ◽  
Climate Justice ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Scientific Framework

This article uses the idea of resilience as a point of departure for analysing some contemporary challenges to the climate justice movement posed by social-ecological sciences. Climate justice activists are increasingly rallying for a system-change, demanding fundamental changes to political bureaucracy and the economy, which would put ecology, biodiversity and climate change first for all future political decisions. Since the concept of resilience has taken up a central role in recent developments in ecological sciences, it has also become part of the activist debate. The article’s main argument is that the scientific framework behind resilience is not politically neutral and that this framework tends to weaken the activist’s demands for a just transition and place more emphasis on technical and bureaucratic processes.

Recent Developments in Japanese Flaw Assessment Methods of WES 2805

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukito Hagihara ◽  
Masayoshi Kurihara ◽  
Hitoshi Yoshinari ◽  
Takashi Miyata
Keyword(s):  
Welded Joints ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Crack Tip Opening Displacement ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Design Curve ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Recent Developments

The standard for the method of assessment for flaws in the welded joints of WES 2805 was first published in 1976 and was revised in 1980 and 1997. A further revision has been carried out by the technical committee of FTS in the Japan Welding Engineering Society and the revision was completed in 2007. The standard of WES 2805 is based on a CTOD (crack tip opening displacement) design curve approach for brittle fracture, and is used for the assessment of the significance of flaws in a stress concentrated region, where large scale yielding takes place. Main topics for the recent developments for flaw assessment methods are described in this paper. These are the interaction criterion of multiple flaws, fatigue crack growth laws, determination of equivalent crack length and strain due to stress concentration, estimation method of the critical CTOD from Charpy energy and proposal of partial safety factors. In order to examine the effectiveness of the standard, extensive 2-D and 3-D FE analyses are performed for various welded joints such as a load-carrying fillet welded joint, a non-load-carrying fillet welded joint and a box welded joint. Some of them are introduced in this paper. Their analytical results indicate that the present CTOD design curve method gives a reasonable evaluation.

Relative Importance of Blockchain in Cryptocurrency, Banking & Health Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 6-25
Author(s):  
Hari Priya Ponnakanti ◽  
Bilal Gonen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Trade Credit ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Large Database ◽  
High Scale ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Medical Sector ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Pros And Cons

This paper looks at the opportunities and challenges of implementing blockchain technology across medical, finance and banking sectors, and provides a clear view which can enable Blockchain for more extents. After going through few articles and papers related to applications of Blockchain, we gained a vivid knowledge on pros and cons on Blockchain applications from each article. Few drawbacks that we encountered are using Power of Work (POW) in medical sector which is destroying the computing ability at a stage when system is getting bigger and eventually which is wasting lots of resources. One study over conceptual proposal on blockchain is the idea of using trade credit as the value of transactions, and this trade credit is in the scope of trade secret which improves trade confidentiality and makes it more secure. Moreover, centralization systems have few risks owing to their dependence on a high scale which could tamper the data or can even block access, change the rules and might even completely shut down the system. Few more drawbacks are designing and building a secure blockchain system is much more difficult on large-scale of banking sector with large database. To address these challenges, recent developments in blockchain technology are enabling novel opportunities in every possible sector by using Trust-worthy cloud, IoT and artificial intelligence, which makes it more powerful and secure. After analyzing Blockchain implementations and identifying their limitations, we conclude with several promising directions for future research.

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