Beyond neurological structures

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-260
Author(s):  
Fernanda Miranda da Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Pathological Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
The Core ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Biomedical Discourse ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Professional People ◽  
The Way

Although clinical criteria ultimately determine the pathological diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, ‘Alzheimer’s’ is also an ordinary sign, falling within a range of other possible signs, values and beliefs that define and are used to interpret dementia and mental diseases. While looking at talk-in-interaction in which two people diagnosed with Alzheimer’s interact with other people, this article tries to show that the way in which both lay and professional people interpret Alzheimer’s signs allows us to shed some light upon the core of the traditional and controversial dichotomy between normal and pathological. The interactions analyzed in this paper show how people oppose biomedical discourse, suggesting that other forms of interpreting aging and forgetfulness are possible. It has opened multiple cartographies or varied spheres of communicability influenced by the signs of Alzheimer’s.

SPECIFIC PROPERTIES OF TUBULIN IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX IN CONTROL, SCHIZOPHRENIA AND VASCULAR DEMENTIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Burbaeva G.Sh. ◽  
Androsova L.V. ◽  
Vorobyeva E.A. ◽  
Savushkina O.K.
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Nephelometric Method ◽  
Rate Of Polymerization ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain

The aim of the study was to evaluate the rate of polymerization of tubulin into microtubules and determine the level of colchicine binding (colchicine-binding activity of tubulin) in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia, vascular dementia (VD) and control. Colchicine-binding activity of tubulin was determined by Sherlinе in tubulin-enriched extracts of proteins from the samples. Measurement of light scattering during the polymerization of the tubulin was carried out using the nephelometric method at a wavelength of 450-550 nm. There was a significant decrease in colchicine-binding activity and the rate of tubulin polymerization in the prefrontal cortex in both diseases, and in VD to a greater extent than in schizophrenia. The obtained results suggest that not only in Alzheimer's disease, but also in other mental diseases such as schizophrenia and VD, there is a decrease in the level of tubulin in the prefrontal cortex of the brain, although to a lesser extent than in Alzheimer's disease, and consequently the amount of microtubules.

Biophysical insights into the membrane interaction of the core amyloid-forming Aβ40fragment K16–K28 and its role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (25) ◽  
pp. 16890-16901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapna Bera ◽  
Kyle J. Korshavn ◽  
Rajiv K. Kar ◽  
Mi Hee Lim ◽  
Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Hydrophobic Region ◽  
Membrane Interaction ◽  
The Core

Role of central hydrophobic region of Aβ40 in membrane interaction.

scholarly journals Early diagnosis for Alzheimer’s disease: Clinical criteria and use of biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Carolina De Souza da Silva ◽  
Ludmila Souza da Cunha ◽  
Marcilene Maria de Almeida Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Criteria

scholarly journals Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease: From Central Nervous System to Periphery?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Mossello ◽  
Elena Ballini ◽  
Anna Maria Mello ◽  
Francesca Tarantini ◽  
David Simoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Frequent Form ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Amount Of Knowledge ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Research Criteria

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most frequent form of dementia and represents one of the main causes of disability among older subjects. Up to now, the diagnosis of AD has been made according to clinical criteria. However, the use of such criteria does not allow an early diagnosis, as pathological alterations may be apparent many years before the clear-cut clinical picture. An early diagnosis is even more valuable to develop new treatments, potentially interfering with the pathogenetic process. During the last decade, several neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters have been introduced to allow an early and accurate detection of AD patients, and, recently, they have been included among research criteria for AD diagnosis. However, their use in clinical practice suffers from limitations both in accuracy and availability. The increasing amount of knowledge about peripheral biomarkers will possibly allow the future identification of reliable and easily available diagnostic tests.

Vascular Dementia: A Diagnostic Challenge

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (S1) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Gold
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Mixed Dementia ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Clinicopathological Correlations ◽  
Broad Consensus

Although vascular dementia was described over a century ago, it remains a difficult and challenging diagnosis. Several sets of clinical criteria have been published in an effort to establish the presence or absence of vascular dementia in a standardized fashion. Clinical studies have demonstrated that they identify different groups of patients and are thus not interchangeable. Retrospective clinicopathological correlations have shown that most are insufficiently sensitive, although they are generally relatively specific. They accurately exclude pure Alzheimer's disease but may include 9% to 39% of mixed dementia cases (Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia combined). Further studies are needed to develop better performing criteria that could lead to a broad consensus on the clinical diagnosis of vascular and mixed dementia.

Strange Cases: Jekyll & Hyde Narratives as Rhetorical Strategy in Sir Alexander Morison’s Physiognomy of Mental Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-170
Author(s):  
Madeline Bourque Kearin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
The Self ◽  
Rhetorical Strategy ◽  
The Core ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Radical Transformation ◽  
The Way

Abstract Sir Alexander Morison’s Physiognomy of Mental Diseases (1838) was created as a didactic tool for physicians, depicting lunatics in both the active and dormant states of disease. Through the act of juxtaposition, Morison constituted his subjects as their own Jekylls and Hydes, capable of radical transformation. In doing so, he marshaled artistic and clinical, visual and textual approaches in order to pose a particular argument about madness as a temporally manifested, visually distinguishable state defined by its contrast with reason. This argument served a crucial function in legitimizing the emergent discipline of psychiatry by applying biomedical methodologies to the observation and classification of distinctly physical symptoms. Robert Louis Stevenson’s “quintessentially Victorian parable” serves as a metaphor for the way 19th-century alienists conceptualized insanity, while the theme of duality at the core of Stevenson’s story serves as a framework for conceptualizing both psychiatry and the subjects it generates. It was (and is) a discipline formulated around narrative as the primary organizing structure for its particular set of paradoxes, and specifically, narratives of the self as a fluid, dynamic, and contradictory entity.

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic risk for improved clinical-neuropathological correlations

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara E. Spencer ◽  
Robin G. Jennings ◽  
Chun C. Fan ◽  
James B. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Pathological Diagnosis ◽  
Polygenic Score ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia

Abstract In the clinical diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies, distinction from Alzheimer’s disease is suboptimal and complicated by shared genetic risk factors and frequent co-pathology. In the present study we tested the ability of polygenic scores for Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Parkinson’s disease to differentiate individuals in a 2713-participant, pathologically defined sample. A dementia with Lewy bodies polygenic score that excluded apolipoprotein E due to its overlap with Alzheimer’s disease risk was specifically associated with at least limbic (transitional) Lewy-related pathology and a pathological diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies. An Alzheimer’s disease polygenic score was associated with neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles but not Lewy-related pathology, and was most strongly associated with an Alzheimer’s pathological diagnosis. Our results indicate that an assessment of genetic risk may be useful to clinically distinguish between Alzheimer’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Notably, we found no association with a Parkinson’s disease polygenic score, which aligns with evidence that dementia with Lewy bodies has a distinct genetic signature that can be exploited to improve clinical diagnoses.

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