Notes sur les assises méthodologiques d’une « histoire littéraire structurale »

Revue Romane ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-124
Author(s):  
Sarah Alharbi
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Genre Theory ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Potential Significance ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
Structural Variety ◽  
Extensive Search ◽  
12Th Century

This article examines the conditions in which H. R. Jauss, in his conference entitled Literaturgeschichte als Provokation (1967), elaborated a new theoretical approach of “structural literary history”. The central position this essay holds in literary theory has accounted for its enabling a turning point in the practice and the pedagogy of literary studies : it provides a model for the problematic articulation between structural analysis and historical interpretation of texts. In an attempt to put his theory into perspective, the German historian conducted two research projects in medieval genre theory. He bases his argument on the example of animal tales from the satirical Roman de Renart of the late 12th century, and asserts that philologists, in their extensive search for evidence based on manuscript sources, have discarded both the hermeneutical interest and the structural variety developed by storytellers in their texts. This study wishes to measure the scope and the results of this instructive methodology in the context of its didactic application. It discusses the roots of the problem, as well as the potential significance of “structural literary history” for our contemporary understanding of the theory and the practice of reading.

The Autonomy of Art and the Legitimization of Biofiction: An Aesthetic Turning Point in Twentieth-Century Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-369
Author(s):  
Michael Lackey
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Twentieth Century Literature ◽  
Robert Penn Warren ◽  
William Styron ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
Historical Figure ◽  
One Year ◽  
Century Literature

Abstract Biofiction is literature that names its protagonist after a historical figure, and since the 1990s it has become one of the most dominant literary forms. This is surprising because many prominent scholars, critics, and writers have criticized and even condemned it. This essay hypothesizes that postmodern theories of truth and concomitant transformations in reader sensibilities partly account for the legitimization and now dominance of biofiction. The essay analyzes a 1968 literary debate among Ralph Ellison, William Styron, and Robert Penn Warren, which on the surface concerned the uses of history in literature. But because it happened just one year after the publication of Styron’s controversial novel about Nat Turner, the debate ended up focusing primarily on the nature and value of biofiction. By analyzing the discussion in relation to contemporary formulations about and theorizations of biofiction, this essay illustrates why the forum represents a turning point in literary history, resulting in the decline of a traditional type of literary symbol and the rise of a more anchored and empirical symbol—that is, the type of symbol found in biofiction.

Geschichte des östlichen zagal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
Present Volume ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Sitz Im Leben ◽  
Colloquial Arabic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Backgrounds

Unlike stanzaic poetry in colloquial Arabic (zaǧal) from al-Andalus the very rich and diverse zaǧal tradition of the Arab East from its rise in the 12th century to the end of the Mamluk era has remained almost completely unexplored. The present volume closes this lacuna. Hakan Özkan shows how important this literary form was throughout that period, how it built a bridge between illiterates and elite poets, and finally, how one can draw a line from its beginnings in al-Andalus up to the zaǧals of the present. In addition to text-based analyses of exemplary poems, the study draws on poetics, linguistics, historical dialectology, literary history, and other approaches, that transcend the individual poems, including the exploration of their musical and performative aspects, their "Sitz im Leben", and their economic, political, and social backgrounds.

Buffon, German Biology, and the Historical Interpretation of Biological Species

1979 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip R. Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Natural System ◽  
Phylogenetic Systematics ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biological Systematics ◽  
Modern Era

The entry of time and history into biological systems of classification is perhaps the single most significant development in the history of biological systematics in the modern era. Darwin's claiming that descent is ‘… the hidden bond of connexion which naturalists have been seeking under the term of the natural system’, rather than seeing the answer in the multitude of previous attempts to resolve the problem in terms of morphological affinities, analogies, and complex relations of resemblance, marked the turning point in a long search into the meaning of biological taxonomy, and allowed the development of Darwin's insights by Haeckel, Plate and others into modern phylogenetic systematics.

scholarly journals Danske forfatterarkiver og dialogen mellem lokalitet, samling, registrering og forskning

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Lotte Thyrring Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Potential Significance ◽  
Research Opportunities ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Practical Nature

Lotte Thyrring Andersen: Danish Author Archives and the Dialogue between Location, Collection, Cataloguing and Research This article concerns Danish author archives and the dialogue between location, collection, cataloguing and research. The starting point of the article is my longstanding work with author archives that have not been submitted to the Royal Danish Library in Copenhagen: The Thøger Larsen Collection at Lemvig Museum, Peter Seeberg’s archive at Hald Hovedgaard and Jens Kruuse’s archive at the Royal Danish Library in Aarhus. The focus of the presentation is aspects of my research and collection experience, and some of the research in which I have been engaged. The article examines the significance of the location of an author archive and the understanding of a body of work, based on the Thøger Larsen Collection at Lemvig Museum. It also examines the relationship between collection, cataloguing and research on the basis of Peter Seeberg’s archive, where the experience gathered concerning the cataloguing of a specific author archive is examined in order to shed light on the practical nature of the work and the research opportunities that cataloguing can present. Finally, the article examines the literary history perspectives that can be derived from the use of author archives, and the potential significance of researcher networks and focus areas for the use of archives. On the basis of Jens Kruuse’s archive at the Royal Danish Library in Aarhus, the article shows that letters can be included as specific voices that contradict, expand on, sharpen and refine the generally accepted and adopted ideas about certain authors and their role in society. New lines of connection emerge, and the view of the period changes and is enriched. Research thus stimulates interest in an author’s archive by utilising the collection’s knowledge and acknowledgements in new representations and perceptions of the author. At the same time, the author archive contributes materials that promote research and the publications within an area. This presupposes that the archive is well-organised and catalogued, to ensure simple and easy access for the user.

scholarly journals Evidence-based Biomedical Informatics

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
C. Lovis
Keyword(s):  
Health Informatics ◽  
Biomedical Informatics ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Extensive Search ◽  
Final Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Summary Objectives: An overview of current trends and achievements in building more evidence of using information sciences technologies in biomedical informatics. Methods: Extensive search using PubMed for published papers in this field in 2012. A selection process organized in three steps: a) identification and first selection of papers; b) international peer-review by at least 4 reviewers for each paper; c) final selection of five papers by the editorial board of the Yearbook based on the international reviewing results and a balanced coverage of the topics. Results: Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2012 and an invited opinion paper written by leading scientists in this field. Conclusion: Evidence based health informatics is an important and ubiquitous trend in biomedical informatics. However, this research field has to be enhanced even further and, more importantly, achievements have to be put in practice.

The Genres of the Pentateuch and Their Social Settings

2021 ◽  
pp. 361-378
Author(s):  
Angela Roskop Erisman
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Genre Theory ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Classic Form ◽  
Stable Forms ◽  
Generic Complexity

The ability to recognize genres has been central to modern critical study of the Pentateuch since the work of Hermann Gunkel at the turn of the twentieth century. This essay surveys the legal, administrative, and literary genres used in the Pentateuch, offering a sense of its generic complexity. Genres are defined not as the fixed and stable forms used to classify texts, as understood by classic form-critical method, but as idealized cognitive models employed as tools for writing and interpreting texts, an understanding drawn from modern genre theory. Because genres are situated in social contexts, Gunkel saw genre as central to writing a history of Israel’s literature. This essay surveys the limitations of Gunkel’s vision yet identifies a way to reconnect with it and write a more organic literary history, one that may intersect with but also at times challenge the results of source- and redaction-critical methods.

Genre Practice in Literary Historiography: A Romanian Case

Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Ana Țăranu
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Genre Theory ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Literary Historiography ◽  
Genre Criticism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Romanian Literature ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Relationship

Premised on the pervasiveness of generic categories within literary historiography, the present analysis attempts to delineate the generic idioms present within three histories of Romanian literature (authored by G. Călinescu, Nicolae Manolescu and Mihai Iovănel, respectively). Engaging a descriptively historical, rather than theoretical, approach to genre and its metadiscourses, the paper begins with an abridged version of the cardinal disputes of genre criticism. Subsequently, it comparatively addresses the presence of genre within the three volumes, aiming to locate them within recognizable frameworks of genericity and to establish the overlapping territories of their generic landscapes. Thus, it distinguishes G. Călinescu as a practitioner of post-Romantic genre theory, further showcasing how some of his central aestheticist positions survive in Nicolae Manolescu’s moderately formalist account of the issue. Against the backdrop of their more conservative, teleological historiographical projects, Mihai Iovănel’s 2021 Istoria Literaturii Române Contemporane 1990-2020 [The History of Contemporary Romanian Literature 1990-2020] displays a distinct methodological apparatus, predicated on the author’s rejection of the paradigmatic autonomy of the aesthetic. His employment of materialist theories of art is corelative to a conception of genre as a contingent, empirically determined instrument of analysis, which, far from being a rhetorically stable, abstract category, actively mediates the relationship between social and aesthetic history. This shift engenders substantial amendments to the physiognomy of literary history as genre, enabling it to encompass extra-literary (and noncanonical) phenomena. Keywords: literary genres, literary history, Romanian literature, Mihai Iovănel.

scholarly journals Knowledge about antipsychotic long-acting injections: Bridging that gap

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (S52) ◽  
pp. s5-s6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Burns
Keyword(s):  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Experimental Trials

SummaryAntipsychotics in depot (or ‘long-acting injection’, LAI) form are shown in this supplement to be a significant component of clinical practice. They are comparatively underresearched, which may reflect their frequent use witih poorly adherent patients. This supplement clearly demonstrates the need for that research, highlighting the variations in dosing and the absence of established, specific guidelines in their use. Traditional evidence-based approaches to systematic reviews are of limited utility in this area so this supplement's blending of experimental trials with observational research is particularly appropriate and effective. After a brief decline in their use with the introduction of oral atypical antipsychotics, LAIs are regaining a central position in the care of long-term psychosis. This comprehensive review of current knowledge makes a timely contribution.

Jewish-Christian Polemics at the Turning Point: Jewish Evidence from the Twelfth Century

1996 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Lasker
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Anti Jewish

In 1968 Amos Funkenstein published an article in Hebrew entitled “Changes in the Patterns of Christian Anti-Jewish Polemics in the 12th Century.” In that article, Funkenstein argues that Christian attitudes toward Jews underwent a change in the twelfth century, a change discernable in the Christian polemical literature of the period. In contrast to the previous Christian strategy of polemicizing against Judaism through a battery of prooftexts, ortestimonia, the innovative polemics introduced three important elements—the recourse to reason, the attack on the Talmud, and the use of the Talmud to prove the truth of Christianity. These innovations signaled the beginning of the end of the relative Christian tolerance of Jews and Judaism inspired by the writings of Augustine.

scholarly journals Grundtvigs forfatterskab i dansk litteraturhistorieskrivning

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-63
Author(s):  
Per Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Christian Education ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Long Poem ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Biographical Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Literary Histories ◽  
The 19Th Century

Grundtvigs forfatterskab i dansk litteraturhistorieskrivning[Grundtvig’s works in Danish historiography]By Per DahlThe essay discusses the most important Danish literary histories written between 1881 and 2008 and their representation of the writings of N. F. S. Grundtvig (1783-1872). In 1881 Frederik Winkel Horn wrote the first updated history of Danish literature including the 19th century. The extensive chapter on Grundtvig deals with his conception of Nordic and Christian education and culture. From an aesthetic point of view, says Horn, Grundtvig’s poetry does not meet academic criteria. Nevertheless his best poems and prose writings are profoundly thrilling by virtue of strength of mind and poignancy. Five years later an evaluation by Peter Hansen was more reserved, but he appreciated Grundtvig’s hymns. Vilhelm Andersen’s chapter on Grundtvig in Illustreret Dansk Litteraturhistorie (1924) is evaluated as the most complex study in Grundtvig and his collected writings. This lengthy chapter (of some 75 pages) expresses an exclusively literary point of view.The structural unity of Grundtvig’s works, says Andersen, is based on the basic dichotomy between life and death and Grundtvig’s inner experience, resulting in a decisive turning point where he sees life bom out of darkness.To Andersen the most important texts are the long poem Nyaars-Morgen (The Morning of New Year’s Day) and the hymn De Levendes Land (The Land o f the Living), both written in 1824 - a climax and a turning point in Grundtvig’s poetry. Up to 1824 Andersen’s biographical approach and view of the phases and motives for Grundtvig’s writings are in accordance with his inner development. The period after 1824 is evaluated as a phase of realization of his ideas. Andersen’s exposition in Illustreret Dansk Litteraturhistorie inaugurated a process of canonization of the above-mentioned texts. In 1958 F. J. Billeskov Jansen (Danmarks Digtekunst) stiffened the literary demands in keeping with his comparative point of view. Martin Zerlang’s chapter on Grundtvig in Dansk litteraturhistorie (vol. 5, 1984) as well as Johnny Kondrup’s chapter in Hovedsporet. Dansk litteraturs historie (2005) and Sune Auken’s in Dansk litteraturs historie (vol. 2, 2008) confirm the canonical status of Nyaars-Morgen. Finally the essay discusses problems concerning canonization and representation of works when writing literary history.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document