scholarly journals The grammar of ‘non-realization’

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 850-895
Author(s):  
Tania Kuteva ◽  
Bas Aarts ◽  
Gergana Popova ◽  
Anvita Abbi
Keyword(s):  
Present Approach ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Linguistic Data ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Linguistic Categorization ◽  
First Time

Abstract On the basis of cross-linguistic data from both genetically and geographically related and unrelated languages, in this article we argue that the linguistic phenomena usually referred to as the avertive, the frustrative and the apprehensional belong not to three but to five – semantically related, and yet distinct grammatical categories, all of which involve different degrees of non-realization of the verb situation in the area of Tense-Aspect-Mood: apprehensional, avertive, frustrated initiation, frustrated completion, inconsequential. Our major goal here is to account for these grammatical categories in terms of an adequate model of linguistic categorization. For this purpose, we apply the notion of Intersective Gradience (introduced for the first time in the morphosyntactic domain in Aarts (2004, 2007) to the morphosemantic domain. Thus the present approach reconciles two major approaches to linguistic categorization: (i) the classical, Aristotelian approach and (ii) a more recent, gradience/fuzziness approach.

scholarly journals Optical Solitons to the Ginzburg–Landau Equation Including the Parabolic Nonlinearity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hosseini ◽  
Mohammad Mirzazadeh ◽  
L. Akinyemi ◽  
D. Baleanu ◽  
S. Salahshour
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Symbolic Computation ◽  
Landau Equation ◽  
Optical Solitons ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Ginzburg Landau ◽  
Complex Transformation ◽  
Dynamical Features ◽  
Exponential Methods ◽  
First Time

Abstract The major goal of the present paper is to construct optical solitons of the Ginzburg–Landau (GL) equation including the parabolic nonlinearity. Such an ultimate goal is formally achieved with the aid of symbolic computation, a complex transformation, and Kudryashov and exponential methods. Several numerical simulations are given to explore the influence of the coefficients of nonlinear terms on the dynamical features of the obtained optical solitons. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the results reported in the current study, classified as bright and kink solitons, are new and have been acquired for the first time.

Chemical ordering in AlGaN layers grown by MOCVD

2000 ◽  
Vol 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ruterana ◽  
F. Omnes
Keyword(s):  
Composition Range ◽  
Optoelectronic Devices ◽  
Superlattice Reflection ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Chemical Ordering ◽  
New Type ◽  
Stable Growth ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTOne of the applications of wurtzite gallium based nitride compounds will be to provide optoelectronic devices from 6.2eV (AlN) to 1.89eV (InN). This will depend on the possibility to grow wurtzite AlGaN and InGaN ternary alloys. As expected, the most difficult region is InGaN due to the large misfit between GaN and InN (= 10%), in this case, ordering, phase separation and growth instabilities have been reported. In the case of AlN and GaN, the misfit is smaller (∼ 2.5%) and one would expect more stable growth. However, it was in this system that ordering along the c axis between AlN and GaN was reported for the first time.In this work, we have found that the growth of AlGaN may be more complicated. Not only the wurtzite lattice can be decreased to simple hexagonal by AlN/GaN ordering along the c axis, but the growth can lead to other types of stackings. Even in the low Al composition range, 10 - 15%, we have found that three processes can operate:1. Ordering into AlN/GaN as two simple hexagonal sublattices.2. The 3:1 ordering which has been recently reported to occur in InGaN.3. A new type of ordering where diffraction experiments (XR and electron diffraction) detect superlattice reflection with a period close to 3 nm. The most adequate model which was found to take this into account shows that, in these growth conditions, the system has preferred to form one AlN cell in between 5 GaN cells, leading to a 5:1 ordering.

The analogical modeling of linguistic categories

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVE CHANDLER
Keyword(s):  
Current Understanding ◽  
Prototype Theory ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
Linguistic Data ◽  
Analogical Model ◽  
Cognitive Operation ◽  
Linguistic Categories ◽  
Linguistic Categorization ◽  
Linguistic Structures ◽  
The Brain

abstractIn recent years proponents of usage-based linguistics have singled out ‘categorization’ as possibly the fundamental cognitive operation underlying the acquisition and use of language. Despite this increasing appeal to the importance of categorization, few researchers have yet offered explicit interpretations of how linguistic categories might be represented in the brain other than vague allusions to prototype theory, especially as implemented in connectionist-like frameworks. In this paper, I discuss in some detail the implications of superimposing the theoretical representations of linguistic structures onto domain-general models of categorization. I first review the evidence that instance-based, or exemplar-based, models of categorization provide empirically and theoretically better models of both domain-general categorization and of linguistic categorization than do the most commonly cited alternative models. I then argue that of the three exemplar-based models currently being applied to linguistic data, Skousen’s Analogical Model (AM) appears to provide the simplest, most straightforward account of the data and that it appears to be fully compatible with our current understanding of the psychological capabilities and operations that underlie categorization behavior.

scholarly journals Drawing areal information from a corpus of noisy dialect data

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Alfred Lameli ◽  
Elvira Glaser ◽  
Philipp Stöckle
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Noisy Data ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
Linguistic Data ◽  
German Dialects ◽  
Spatial Structuring ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
First Time

AbstractThis article is an analysis of linguistic survey data representing German dialects in Switzerland in 1933/34 based on the so-called Wenker sentences. The data are impressionistic in terms of applied phonetic transcriptions, which were produced by non-specialists using the Latin alphabet. Due to the lack of pre-defined standardization, the phonetic transcriptions are very heterogeneous. From a technical perspective, this leads to very noisy data, which is why the validity of the Wenker data in general and the Swiss Wenker data in particular has been questioned. Using methods from computational linguistics, we compare, for the first time, Wenker data with linguistic data collected at virtually the same time by linguistics professionals. Direct comparison with a sample from the published atlas of German-speaking Switzerland (SDS) reveals that despite the noisiness of the data, they nevertheless provide reliable information, e.g., in terms of the spatial structuring of Swiss dialects. The study is thus a successful pilot for other corpus-based studies dealing with unstructured Wenker data in other regions.

scholarly journals QUASI THREE-PARAMETRIC R-MATRIX AND QUANTUM SUPERGROUPS GLp,q(1/1) AND Up,q[gl(1/1)]

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Hong Van ◽  
Nguyen Anh Ky
Keyword(s):  
Universal Enveloping Algebra ◽  
Present Approach ◽  
Baxter Equation ◽  
Quantum Deformation ◽  
R Matrix ◽  
Enveloping Algebra ◽  
Quantum Deformations ◽  
First Time

An overparametrized (three-parametric) R-matrix satisfying a graded Yang-Baxter equation is introduced. It turns out that such an overparametrization is very helpful. Indeed, this R-matrix with one of the parameters being auxiliary, thus, reducible to a two-parametric R-matrix, allows the construction of quantum supergroups GLp,q(1/1) and Up,q[gl(1/1)] which, respectively, are two-parametric deformations of the supergroup GL(1/1) and the universal enveloping algebra U[gl(1/1)]. These two-parametric quantum deformations GLpq(1/1) and Upq[gl(1/1)], to our knowledge, are constructed for the first time via the present approach. The quantum deformation Up,q[gl(1/1)] obtained here is a true two-parametric deformation of Drinfel’d-Jimbo’s type, unlike some other one obtained previously elsewhere.

scholarly journals SPRING-PLASTIC FORECAST PER MH OF NON-SUCH CAPACITY OF PIRAMIDAL PALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
A. Morgun ◽  
◽  
I. Met ◽  
І. Shevchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Boundary Problems ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Plastic Deformations ◽  
Active Zones ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time

The robot is attributed to the current nutrition of geomechanics and the foundation of the foundation - the more sophisticated methodology for developing boundary problems of nonlinear behavior based on the options of the foundation structures of the paramedal fingers, because of the possibility of predicting the standard of the awkward and simple form of the environment. In robots, there is an adequate model for the continuation of robots of the longest fingers for the current numerical MGE. Doslidzheno has an effect on overclocking in the active zones of the paramedic palate from the zones of lesser damages to the zones and more damages with the higher values of the deformation module. The main problem is the main problem in predicting precipitation and forecasting the permissible pressure on the soil. To this, respect in robotics is attached to the dilatancy theory and methods of modeling excessive plastic deformations in soil with the help of practical application. The emergence of significant experimental studies led to the appearance of models, such as to create a model of a plastic, unsuspecting body. To the runts of power, unique rheological power. So, with the implementation of one-hour squeezing and zsuvu in the fallowness due to the intensity of the skin, the soil can be degraded, it can take the smallest degree of insecurity. About me the expansion of the ground is obov'yazkovo supervised by deformities of the supine. For the first time experimentally evoked by Reynolds [2,5]. The application of the numerical MGE to the definition of practical problems of geomechanics, the process of establishing the basics and the permissible navantage on them, is rimmed with theoretical wedges, and is illustrated and illustrated by the data of the numerical design. Rational design of palm foundations is a great labor task, the connections are carried out on the EOM.

scholarly journals Relating connectional architecture to grey matter function using diffusion imaging

2005 ◽  
Vol 360 (1457) ◽  
pp. 903-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.E.J Behrens ◽  
H Johansen-Berg
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Diffusion Imaging ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Anatomical Connectivity ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Brain Circuitry ◽  
Access To Data ◽  
First Time

Understanding brain function in terms of connectional architecture is a major goal of neuroimaging. However, direct investigation of the influence of brain circuitry on function has been hindered by the lack of a technique for exploring anatomical connectivity in the in vivo brain. Recent advances in magnetic resonance diffusion imaging have given scientists access to data relating to local white matter architecture and, for the first time, have raised the possibility of in vivo investigations into brain circuitry. This review investigates whether diffusion imaging may be used to identify regions of grey matter that are distinct in their connectional architecture, and whether these connectional differences are reflected either in local cytoarchitecture or in local grey matter function. Establishing a direct relationship between regional boundaries based on diffusion imaging and borders between regions that perform different functions would not only be of great significance when interpreting functional results, but would also provide a first step towards the validation of diffusion-based anatomical connectivity studies.

scholarly journals Binding of CXCL8/IL-8 toMycobacterium tuberculosisModulates the Innate Immune Response

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Krupa ◽  
Marek Fol ◽  
Bozena R. Dziadek ◽  
Ewa Kepka ◽  
Dominika Wojciechowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Adequate Response ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
First Time

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several human respiratory diseases, including tuberculosis (TB). Importantly and in direct relevance to the objectives of this report quite a few findings suggest that the presence of IL-8 may be beneficial for the host. IL-8 may aid with mounting an adequate response during infection withMycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb); however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. The major goal of our study was to investigate the contribution of IL-8 to the inflammatory processes that are typically elicited in patients with TB. We have shown for the first time that IL-8 can directly bind to tubercle bacilli. We have also demonstrated that association of IL-8 withM. tbmolecules leads to the augmentation of the ability of leukocytes (neutrophils and macrophages) to phagocyte and kill these bacilli. In addition, we have shown that significant amount of IL-8 present in the blood of TB patients associates with erythrocytes. Finally, we have noted that IL-8 is the major chemokine responsible for recruiting T lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+T cells). In summary, our data suggest that the association of IL-8 withM. tbmolecules may modify and possibly enhance the innate immune response in patients with TB.

scholarly journals Separation of pluripotent stem cells and early B lymphocyte precursors with antibody Fall-3.

1991 ◽  
Vol 174 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
C E Müller-Sieburg
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Cell Precursor ◽  
B Cell Precursors ◽  
First Time

A major goal in the study of hematopoiesis is to obtain populations of primitive stem cells, free of restricted and mature cells. We previously showed that a small population of normal bone marrow, the Thy-1loLin- cells, was highly enriched for pluripotent stem cells that repopulate lethally irradiated mice. These cells also differentiated along the B lymphocyte lineage in response to the stromal elements in Whitlock-Witte cultures. These two hematopoietic activities were entirely contained in and were enriched to similar extents in the Thy-1loLin- population. Here we show for the first time that these two activities can be resolved functionally and phenotypically. The cells that respond to the stroma in lymphoid culture are more sensitive to the cytotoxic drug 5-Fluorouracil than are stem cells. Furthermore, we have derived a new monoclonal antibody, Fall-3, that detects primitive stem cells but does not label the B cell precursor. This indicates that the small Thy-1loLin- population is heterogeneous, containing precursors restricted to the B cell lineage as well as pluripotent stem cells. Antibody Fall-3 defines a novel stem cell antigen, expressed on all primitive stem cells and thus, will be useful in the further characterization and isolation of both stem cells and B cell precursors.

Annulate lamellae in the Sertoli cells of guinea pig testis after unilateral torsion of the spermatic cord

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 196-197
Author(s):  
J. Chakraborty ◽  
A. P. Sinha Hikim ◽  
J. S. Jhunjhunwala
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Spermatic Cord ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Annulate Lamellae ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
First Time

Although the presence of annulate lamellae was noted in many cell types, including the rat spermatogenic cells, this structure was never reported in the Sertoli cells of any rodent species. The present report is based on a part of our project on the effect of torsion of the spermatic cord to the contralateral testis. This paper describes for the first time, the fine structural details of the annulate lamellae in the Sertoli cells of damaged testis from guinea pigs.One side of the spermatic cord of each of six Hartly strain adult guinea pigs was surgically twisted (540°) under pentobarbital anesthesia (1). Four months after induction of torsion, animals were sacrificed, testes were excised and processed for the light and electron microscopic investigations. In the damaged testis, the majority of seminiferous tubule contained a layer of Sertoli cells with occasional spermatogonia (Fig. 1). Nuclei of these Sertoli cells were highly pleomorphic and contained small chromatinic clumps adjacent to the inner aspect of the nuclear envelope (Fig. 2).

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