DEVELOPMENT OF UNDERGROUND SPACE AS A SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEMS URBANIZATION OF CITIES

The article examines the study of the development of modernization and transformation of the urban environment. Some issues of underground space development in urban conditions are considered, the stages of evolution of underground urban planning are singled out and characterized. Examples of development and rational use of underground space are given and analyzed. The underground space is considered as a valuable renewable georesource of the metropolis, which can actively contribute to the sustainable development of the city. This should take into account a number of factors that affect the ecology of the underground environment, the state of the hydrogeological environment and existing buildings and structures. Overconcentration of population, infrastructure and industrial production leads to overload of the geoecological and hydrogeological environment. In domestic and foreign practice there is a tendency to combine trade and household enterprises, entertainment, cultural, educational, administrative and sports institutions, transport facilities in large complexes with an underground part. The main meaning of the development of underground space - saving surface area within the city. This method of reconstruction of urban spaces is used mainly in the areas of the most intensive traffic flows and intersections, in the areas of industrial nodes and areas of utility and warehousing.

MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF PREFABRICATED-MONOLITIC FLOORS FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS

During the reconstruction of the school building in Khmilnyk, Vinnytsia region, in order to create an inclusive resource center, it is necessary to replace the existing wooden floor. The floor of a building is a horizontal load-bearing structure created between two vertical rooms to separate them in height. At the same time, it serves as a floor for the upper room and as a ceiling for the lower room. Therefore, it is important to select a more modern reliable version of the floor, the technology of which will meet the limitations and requirements that arise in the reconstruction of public buildings. The main selection criteria are: simplicity of technology and speed of installation of the floor without additional material, energy and labor costs and without the use of cranes or large mechanisms; the possibility of both complete replacement of the floor and replacement of only certain damaged areas; relief of the load from the floor on the existing structures of the building; ensuring the necessary strength, rigidity and reliability of the floor; excellent heat and sound insulation properties with high fire resistance and environmental friendliness; compressed conditions for construction and installation work. Floors used for the reconstruction of buildings should combine a number of advantages and allow the necessary communications and repairs to be carried out without interfering with the existing structural scheme of the building. Modern technologies of prefabricated monolithic floors combine the advantages of traditional prefabricated and monolithic floors, but at the same time without their disadvantages. A number of technological solutions to facilitate the construction of the floor and the simplicity of its installation and subsequent operation allow the use of such floors for the reconstruction of existing buildings. The article analyzes the existing system of covering the school building, provides pre-design solutions for the replacement of the floor and attic, identified their shortcomings. Modern prefabricated monolithic floor systems are considered. The main elements are light metal or reinforced concrete beams with a spatial steel frame, hollow or lightweight blocks, reinforced monolithic slab, which is poured on the site after the installation of beams and blocks.

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF IMPACT NOISE STRUCTURE FLOORS WITH CHANGING THICKNESS OF MATERIALS AND SIZE FILLER

This paper considers experimental studies of the sound insulation structure of the floor to determine the effect of material thickness, polystyrene concrete and cement-sand screed, as well as the size of the aggregate (polystyrene granules) in polystyrene concrete on the sound insulation properties of floor construction, namely impact protection. It was determined that the thickness of the cement-sand screed in no way affects the improvement of impact noise. Due to the reduction of the size of the aggregate (expanded polystyrene granule) in polystyrene concrete, it was possible to reduce the thickness of the structure, which did not affect the insulation performance of impact noise.

DETERMINING THE IMPORTANCE THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS ON THE RESTORATION REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

The article made an analytical study, by expert estimates, the determination of the importance of technological factors that have the greatest impact on the physical and mechanical properties of recovered parts of concrete structures. Technological factors were identified during the analysis of scientific literature. For the consideration of the experts was presented eight technological factors, namely: the stiffness, the repair mixture; seal; thickness of the recovery layer; the ambient temperature when performing rehabilitation works; condition of the surfaces of the concrete samples (the surface can be cleaned, stripped, with notches artificially destroyed...); the method of preparing the repair surface (use of contact layer); moisture content of the repair surface (dry, damp, wet); provision and maintenance Department relative to the horizon line (the position of the top "floor"; the side – "wall"; bottom – "ceiling"). The information obtained from experts, were edited on the basis of mathematical (statistical) method. The calculated estimate of the average degree of agreement of opinions of all experts and assessment of the significance of coefficient of concordance. Determined weight factors are considered: preparation of the repair surface; position of the repair site relative to the horizon; the state of the surfaces of the concrete samples (the repair surface is not cleaned, cleaned, with notches artificially destroyed); the stiffness of the mixture; sealing; moisture repair surface (dry, damp, wet); the ambient temperature when performing recovery operations and the thickness of the recovery layer.

FEATURES OF REVITALIZATION OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN THE CENTER OF VINNITSA

Today, the problem of rational use of urban space is acute due to the constant growth of urban population and urbanization of the world in general. The aging of construction stock in the city center requires the reconstruction or reconstruction of certain buildings and structures. The article defines the concept of "revitalization" and the general features of this process, its advantages and disadvantages. The urgency of revitalization for the cities of Ukraine is determined and the need to restore not only factories but also public buildings in the center of these settlements is highlighted. In the course of writing this work, the foreign experience of revitalization of public buildings in the already formed urban spaces and several works of domestic scientists on the topic of revitalization as a method of environmental restoration were analyzed. The center of Vinnytsia has been studied for the presence of buildings that could be subject to revitalization, study of their previous purpose and assessment of the current state. An analysis of the problems that may arise during the revitalization of abandoned public buildings and areas in the center of Vinnytsia was also conducted. After the study, based on the results obtained, ways to eliminate these problems and variations of technical solutions required for construction work are identified. The peculiarities of the introduction of revitalization of public buildings in the center of Vinnytsia have been clarified.

LABORATORY TESTING THE COMBINED ELONGATE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF SUPPORT OF A MINE OPENING

The stress-strain state of test specimens of the new combined structure of support of a mine opening under loads is studied. The test specimens are compound modular elements of the designed earlier combined structure of support. Every single modular element is the triangular prism, consisting of a reinforced concrete slab and a steel grid made of tube web members. The slab and web members are grouped in a complete element while concreting the slab. The tension sensor’s method of experimental investigation is applied to the testing specimens. Tests of specimens are carried out under the load forced with cargoes. Loads are set in the ways that to simulate service conditions, counting the most adverse. Design features of the support and test specimens are shown. Particulars of the support and its elements, production technology, assemblies as well as the sizes are briefly described. The methodology of testing specimens, as well as the analysis of the outcomes, are presente.

SPRING-PLASTIC FORECAST PER MH OF NON-SUCH CAPACITY OF PIRAMIDAL PALS

The robot is attributed to the current nutrition of geomechanics and the foundation of the foundation - the more sophisticated methodology for developing boundary problems of nonlinear behavior based on the options of the foundation structures of the paramedal fingers, because of the possibility of predicting the standard of the awkward and simple form of the environment. In robots, there is an adequate model for the continuation of robots of the longest fingers for the current numerical MGE. Doslidzheno has an effect on overclocking in the active zones of the paramedic palate from the zones of lesser damages to the zones and more damages with the higher values of the deformation module. The main problem is the main problem in predicting precipitation and forecasting the permissible pressure on the soil. To this, respect in robotics is attached to the dilatancy theory and methods of modeling excessive plastic deformations in soil with the help of practical application. The emergence of significant experimental studies led to the appearance of models, such as to create a model of a plastic, unsuspecting body. To the runts of power, unique rheological power. So, with the implementation of one-hour squeezing and zsuvu in the fallowness due to the intensity of the skin, the soil can be degraded, it can take the smallest degree of insecurity. About me the expansion of the ground is obov'yazkovo supervised by deformities of the supine. For the first time experimentally evoked by Reynolds [2,5]. The application of the numerical MGE to the definition of practical problems of geomechanics, the process of establishing the basics and the permissible navantage on them, is rimmed with theoretical wedges, and is illustrated and illustrated by the data of the numerical design. Rational design of palm foundations is a great labor task, the connections are carried out on the EOM.

ANALYSIS OF WAYS TO INCREASE RADIATION PROTECTION OF BUILDING MATERIALS

The paper considers the problems of environmental pollution by radiation-hazardous and environmentally harmful elements. Radiation-hazardous pollution occurs in several directions, namely under the influence of constant natural radiation background, due to Chernobyl emissions, nuclear energy production, pollution of rivers and lakes, the use of building materials with high content of natural radionuclides. At present, Ukraine has suspended comprehensive measures to reduce radiation pollution in the construction industry due to the lack of effective methods to combat environmental safety and improve the demographic situation in the country. As ways to increase the radiation-protective properties of building materials, variants of structural models, construction technologies are considered, the introduction and improvement of which is a prospect of scientific development of the construction industry. For environmentally safe, economically feasible, systematically operated operation of building structures and construction sites in general, it is essential to adhere to the principles of radiation protection by optimizing the resource characteristics of the respective facilities. Therefore, the analysis of the relevance of the above methods of creating high-quality building materials, taking into account the indicators of increasing the radiation-protective properties of building materials.

USE OF ASSEMBLY ASH IN THE COMPOSITION OF SOIL CEMENT

Іn this work, we searched for the optimal composition of soil cement containing different percentage of ash removal: from minor additives to the replacement of half the soil mass for ash. The search for the optimal composition was performed on the basis of experimental studies to determine the physical and mechanical characteristics.The use of soil cement with the addition of fly ash is proposed for the reinforcement of the bases by vertical reinforcing elements. In order to develop practical recommendations on the optimal composition of soil cement, a mathematical simulation of the work of reinforced soil cement fields was performed with the variation of the physical and mechanical characteristics of piles, depending on the ash content of the ash. . Plaxis software was used for numerical simulation. With a steady step of reinforcing elements, the properties of the soil-cement mass were studied, depending on the deformability of the piles.

INFLUENCE OF GEOMETRIC FORM OF PALE ON ITS RESISTANCE TO MGE

Vinnytsia National Technical University The estimated cost of construction of foundations reaches about 40% of the total estimated cost of the building. In the industrial and civil construction of Ukraine due to its geological conditions it is advisable to use pyramidal piles and the peculiarities of their interaction with the foundations and theoretical calculation methods are insufficiently studied. The lack of reliable methods for estimating the bearing capacity of pyramidal piles leads to an increase in inventory ratios and imperfect decisions. Therefore, the topic of VAT research of rational pyramidal piles is relevant. Numerical studies on the IHE to determine the VAT and bearing capacity of pyramidal piles, which are characterized by load resistance with equal subsidence. Numerical studies of the pyramidal pile were performed on the numerical IHE. MGE - a modern numerical method for solving boundary value problems of structural mechanics, has attracted the attention of researchers mainly by the fact that the continuous environment is divided into a number of elements that can be considered as separate parts The analysis of results of numerical researches is carried out, the correlation with experimental data which are restrained by direct measurement of pressure in a soil basis by mezdoses is carried out.