The role of verbal prefixes and particles in aspectual composition

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Fleischhauer ◽  
Adrian Czardybon
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
Grammatical Aspect ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Verbal Prefixes ◽  
Verbal Prefix

In this paper we provide an analysis of the function of Polish verbal prefixes and German verbal particles in aspectual composition of incremental theme predicates (ITP) such as eat and drink. Incremental theme verbs (e.g. eat, drink) are well known for the fact that the referential properties of the incremental theme arguments (ITA) affect the telicity of the whole predication. In the Slavic languages, only prefixed incremental theme verbs result in a telic predication. Since in many cases prefixed verbs are perfective, it is often assumed that telicity results from perfectivity. We argue that grammatical aspect is not necessary for achieving a telic ITP, since there are perfective ITPs that do not result in a telic predication. Rather (a)telicity is dependent on the semantic content of the verbal prefix.

scholarly journals The lexical and superlexical verbal prefix iz- and its role in the stacking of prefixes

Nordlyd ◽  
10.7557/12.70 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataša Milićević
Keyword(s):  
Event Structure ◽  
Verbal Prefixes ◽  
Transitive Verbs ◽  
Verbal Prefix

In this paper I show that there are two distinct iz- prefixes in Serbian: a lexical, and a superlexical one. I show that there are criteria for the distinction between the two types of verbal prefixes (restricting my claims to the superlexical prefixes that stack after the secondary imperfectivization). I focus on the lexical iz- occurring with transitive verbs and show that it can be analyzed along the same lines as the English resultative particles up and out. I also consider the role of the lexical iz- as a perfectivizer and point to the distinction between the notion of telicity and overtly marked boundedness on the lexical level. It also follows from the discussion below that a more elaborate event structure would be necessary for the analysis of superlexical iz-.

THE ROLE OF METAPHOR IN HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE

Cultural code ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
MARIYA PETROVNA LAPTEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
Cognitive Significance ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Positive Sense

The article continues the author's series of publications on the terminological apparatus of the historian. The problems of humanitarian science cannot have "final solutions". F.R.Ankersmith paid attention to the fact that the attitude to the role of metaphors knows not onli "ups" but also "downs". Exploring aspects of the conceptual arsenal associated with the explicit use of the metaphor. "Implicit use" refers to those semantic situations when a historian or another humanist enters into a kind of dialogue with other sciences, carrying out terminological borrowing. Since the semantic content of the term changes in this case, then, in essence, a metaphorical action takes place that does not require a special name. The article contains, the author's reflection on the circumstances and features of the use of metaphors. The author finds out how and why historiography becomes metaphorical. Referring to specialists who developed the cognitive basis of the theory of metaphor, the author analyzes different traditions of understanding what metaphor is. There is a search for a positive sense of metaphor usage with some ambiguity. Since the metaphor creates a new meaning of the word, its cognitive significance becomes unquestionable. By citing examples of various uses of metaphors in the texts of historians, the author shows how a metaphor helps clarify the uniqueness of historical situations.

Aesthetics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael N. Forster
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
German Romanticism ◽  
Philosophy Of Literature ◽  
Aesthetic Values

Aesthetics, or the philosophy of literature and art, was one of Herder’s main focuses. By valorizing these areas of culture (in comparison with others such as science and religion) and in several other ways he prepared the ground for German Romanticism. He also established many principles of great intrinsic importance: rejecting apriorism and systematization in aesthetics in favor of an empirical, non-systematic approach; insisting that arts such as sculpture and painting express meanings and therefore require interpretation; recognizing the central role of genre not only in literature but also in such arts; perceiving the deep historical, cultural, and even individual variability of literature and art in respect of semantic content, genre, moral values, and aesthetic values, plus the major implications this variability has for both interpretation and evaluation; developing a set of radical views concerning beauty; and emphasizing the importance of literature and art as means of moral pedagogy.

Identifying Congruent Pragmatic Relations in Procedural Texts

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donia R. Scott ◽  
Judy Delin ◽  
Anthony F. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Structure Theory ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Comparable Corpora ◽  
Household Products ◽  
French And English ◽  
Instructional Texts ◽  
Different Levels

In this paper, we present a methodology for the contrastive analysis of comparable corpora of instructional texts in different languages. The methodology is insensitive to the fact that the texts under comparison differ widely in their semantic content, and it can be reliably applied by multiple analysts. We show the results of an empirical study of cross-linguistic variation between Portuguese, French, and English instructions which follows this methodology. Using consumer instructions for ordinary household products in the three languages, we examine expressions of the two semantic relations, generation and enablement (cf. Goldman, 1970), and their available surface syntactic expressions. We examine the role of discourse perspective, as realised by rhetorical relations such as those employed within the framework of Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST), in further narrowing down the range of choices. We demonstrate that the three languages of study tolerate different levels of ambiguity, and prefer different forms of disambiguation and pragmatic signalling, attesting to the value of empirical methods for contrastive discourse study. The analysis was conducted with the aim of informing all levels of decision, from meaning to surface syntax, in the automatic generation of sets of instructional texts in those languages.

Metonymy-induced polysemy and the role of suffixation in its resolution in some Slavic languages

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 58-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Brdar
Keyword(s):  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
Avoidance Strategies ◽  
Limiting Case

The central concern of the present paper are metonymy avoidance strategies as a limiting case of polysemy resolution. Specifically, I look into the role of suffixation in the resolution of metonymy-induced polysemy in a number of languages (Germanic, Romance, Slavic and Hungarian) in two frames, animals and their meat, and trees and woods. The particular mix of strategies a language makes use of is of course dependent on its structural makeup. It is established that Slavic languages do not really have many choices apart from suffixation in the resolution of metonymy-induced polysemy. The analysis of patterns of suffixation found in six Slavic languages reveals that unlike compounding, which as good as removes any ambiguity in spite of its underspecificity, suffixation as a polysemy-resolving strategy is even more underspecified, and as an interesting twist, prone to contract additional polysemy or just relegate it to another level.

Ara⁠ʾaytum: The Exegetical Implications of a Qurʾānic Stance Marker

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-192
Author(s):  
Emad Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Oral Discourse ◽  
Discourse Marker ◽  
Satanic Verses ◽  
The Way

Abstract Discourse markers are lexical items that play the role of conveying the speaker’s attitude towards the topic of conversation. Although discourse markers have this function, they have little semantic content, yet their importance for understanding (oral) discourse can hardly be overestimated. As such, they have been widely studied in English. While the Qurʾān has a number of these discourse markers, none of them seem to have been properly noticed, let alone studied, by Arabic linguists and Qurʾān commentators. This article introduces what I believe to be the most frequent of these in the Qurʾān: araʾaytum (literally: “have you seen?”) in its various morphological manifestations. This article uses concepts from historical linguistics, pragmatics, and corpus linguistics – and in particular lexical co-occurrences – to examine the development of this form from a sense verb that simply means “to see” to a pragmatic attitudinal marker that is semantically vacuous and whose main function is to express the speaker’s dissatisfaction with, resentment at, or disapproval of the topic of conversation. While the analysis provided in this article is mainly linguistic, the findings will affect the way we read the Arabic-Islamic heritage, especially as regards the authenticity of what are known as the Satanic Verses, also known as the episode of the High-Flying Cranes (Qiṣṣat al-ġarānīq). This article also provides suggestions for the translation of this discourse marker.

scholarly journals Productive verb prefixation patterns

2014 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslava Hlaváčová ◽  
Anna Nedoluzhko
Keyword(s):  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Verbal Prefixes

Abstract The paper discusses a set of verbal prefixes which, when added to a verb together with a reflexive morpheme, change the verb’s meaning always in the same manner. The prefixes form a sequence according to the degree of intensity with which they modify the verbal action. We present the process of verb intensification in three Slavic languages, namely Czech, Slovak and Russian.

scholarly journals Mental Models in Deductive Reasoning

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. García-Madruga ◽  
Francisco Gutiérrez ◽  
Nuria Carriedo ◽  
Sergio Moreno ◽  
Philip N. Johnson-Laird
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Model Theory ◽  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Syllogistic Reasoning ◽  
Linguistic Structure ◽  
The Third ◽  
As If

We report research investigating the role of mental models in deduction. The first study deals with conjunctive inferences (from one conjunction and two conditional premises) and disjunctive inferences (from one disjunction and the same two conditionals). The second study examines reasoning from multiple conditionals such as: If e then b; If a then b; If b then c; What follows between a and c? The third study addresses reasoning from different sorts of conditional assertions, including conditionals based on if then, only if, and unless. The paper also presents research on figural effects in syllogistic reasoning, on the effects of structure and believability in reasoning from double conditionals, and on reasoning from factual, counterfactual, and semifactual conditionals. The findings of these studies support the model theory, pose some difficulties for rule theories, and show the influence on reasoning of the linguistic structure and the semantic content of problems.

scholarly journals THe Rule of Law in the «Staatsrecht»: Terminology and Content

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
V E Chirkin
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Special Role ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Linguistic Methods ◽  
Legal Force

Article is based on the study of documentary materials. Although the terminology is inseparable from content the article discusses mainly terminological side of the phenomena. Using comparative, linguistic methods, content analysis, the author examines terminology used in British, French, German, some other constitutions, including the сonstitutions in Slavic languages, other legal acts, international documents to refer to the concepts of «state of law» and «rule of law» (sometimes also used the term «rule of law»), show- ing the differences in the origin, content and meaning of these phrases in Russian, some other Slavic languages, and other languages in Western Europe. The article listed the shortcomings of some terms, limit the content of the rule of law concept by higher legal force of the Constitution, the constitutionality, legality or the special role of the law in the system of sources of law. The author examines the definitions of «rule of law», which given some credible international organizations offers clarification of these definitions.

scholarly journals The peculiarities of speech portrait of Russian female politicians

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 176-185
Author(s):  
Shan'shan' Du
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Practice Characteristic ◽  
Public Spheres ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
The People ◽  
Female Politicians

The relevance of analyzing the speech aspect of political communication of Russian female lies in the fact that today the current focus of attention is the questions of creating a political image of state and public figures for achieve the needed social effects. A significant role in the process of creating the image is assigned not only to physical appearance of the politician, but also to peculiarities of their communication with the audience. The goal of this article is the analysis of speech portrait of a public linguistic personality on the example of modern Russian female politicians. The research employs contextological analysis and semantic-stylistic analysis, which allows revealing the semantic content of speeches and determining various stylistic functions in linguistic practice. Characteristic is given to the internal and external side of the personality image, specificity of its formation in the minds of the audience, peculiarities of the speech portrait of prominent Russian female politicians. The author pinpoints the important role of language in the sociopolitical and public spheres of communication. The conclusion is made on the degree of presence of masculine and feminine traits in the linguistic portrait of female politicians, the factors that substantiate such combination, as well as the desire of the female politicians to represent themselves as a “person of the people”. The analysis of speech portrait is conducted on the example of public speeches, polemics with opponents, etc, which implies an outline of a political position using speech techniques for effective resolution of the set tasks.

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