Recent advances in transgenic arthropod technology

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Field Biology ◽  
Field Release ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Foreign Genes ◽  
Considerable Work

AbstractThe ability to insert foreign genes into arthropod genomes has led to a diverse set of potential applications for transgenic arthropods, many of which are designed to advance public health or improve agricultural production. New techniques for expressing foreign genes in arthropods have now been successfully used in at least 18 different genera. However, advances in field biology are lagging far behind those in the laboratory, and considerable work is needed before deployment in nature can be a reality. A mechanism to drive the gene of interest though a natural population must be developed and thoroughly evaluated before any field release, but progress in this area has been limited. Likewise, serious consideration of potential risks associated with deployment in nature has been lacking. This review gives an overview of the most promising techniques for expressing foreign genes in arthropods, considers the potential risks associated with their deployment, and highlights the areas of research that are most urgently needed for the field to advance out of the laboratory and into practice.

Processes of import substitution in the market of meat and dairy products in the context of economic policy

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-74
Author(s):  
T.N. Belova ◽  
V.S. Konkina
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Dairy Markets ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Key Indicators

In article the complex assessment of modern policy of import substitution in the sphere of the agrofood market based on balance of its positive and negative effects is given. According to Rosstat and the Federal Customs Service the complex dynamic analysis of the meat and dairy markets in the context of key indicators — the price, import, export is carried out. Relationships of cause and effect of change of a condition of the food market in connection with introduction of economic sanctions are revealed. The conclusion that the policy of import substitution has to consider the potential risks and threats connected as with the possible accompanying growth of the food prices and deterioration of the food status of the least provided groups of the population, and with technical and technological dependence of domestic agricultural production on a foreign market is drawn. The main directions in which programs of support and stimulation are necessary are formulated.

scholarly journals Development of a Rapid Risk and Impact Assessment Tool to Enhance Response to Environmental Emergencies in the Early Stages of a Disaster: A Tool Developed by the European Multiple Environmental Threats Emergency NETwork (EMETNET) Project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma-Jane Goode ◽  
Eirian Thomas ◽  
Owen Landeg ◽  
Raquel Duarte-Davidson ◽  
Lisbeth Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Environmental Disasters ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEvery year, numerous environmental disasters and emergencies occur across the globe with far-reaching impacts on human health and the environment. The ability to rapidly assess an environmental emergency to mitigate potential risks and impacts is paramount. However, collating the necessary evidence in the early stages of an emergency to conduct a robust risk assessment is a major challenge. This article presents a methodology developed to help assess the risks and impacts during the early stages of such incidents, primarily to support the European Union Civil Protection Mechanism but also the wider global community in the response to environmental emergencies. An online rapid risk and impact assessment tool has also been developed to promote enhanced collaboration between experts who are working remotely, considering the impact of a disaster on the environment and public health in the short, medium, and long terms. The methodology developed can support the appropriate selection of experts and assets to be deployed to affected regions to ensure that potential public health and environmental risks and impacts are mitigated whenever possible. This methodology will aid defensible decision making, communication, planning, and risk management, and presents a harmonized understanding of the associated impacts of an environmental emergency.

scholarly journals Plant antimicrobial peptides: structures, functions, and applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junpeng Li ◽  
Shuping Hu ◽  
Wei Jian ◽  
Chengjian Xie ◽  
Xingyong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Positively Charged

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of short, usually positively charged polypeptides that exist in humans, animals, and plants. Considering the increasing number of drug-resistant pathogens, the antimicrobial activity of AMPs has attracted much attention. AMPs with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against many gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and fungi are an important defensive barrier against pathogens for many organisms. With continuing research, many other physiological functions of plant AMPs have been found in addition to their antimicrobial roles, such as regulating plant growth and development and treating many diseases with high efficacy. The potential applicability of plant AMPs in agricultural production, as food additives and disease treatments, has garnered much interest. This review focuses on the types of plant AMPs, their mechanisms of action, the parameters affecting the antimicrobial activities of AMPs, and their potential applications in agricultural production, the food industry, breeding industry, and medical field.

Balancing benefits and potential risks of vaccination: the precautionary principle and the law of unintended consequences

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjebm-2021-111773
Author(s):  
David Robert Grimes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
The Precautionary Principle ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Risk And Benefit

Vaccination is a life-saving endeavour, yet risk and uncertainty are unavoidable in science and medicine. Vaccination remains contentious in the public mind, and vaccine hesitancy is a serious public health issue. This has recently been reignited in the discussion over potential side effects of COVID-19 vaccines, and the decision by several countries to suspend measures such as the AstraZeneca vaccine. In these instances, the precautionary principle has often been invoked as a rationale, yet such heuristics do not adequately weigh potential harms against real benefits. How we analyse, communicate and react to potential harms is absolutely paramount to ensure the best decisions and outcomes for societal health, and maintaining public confidence. While balancing benefits and risks is an essential undertaking, it cannot be achieved without due consideration of several other pertinent factors, especially in the context of vaccination, where misguided or exaggerated fears have in the past imperilled public health. While well meaning, over reactions to potential hazards of vaccination and other health interventions can have unintended consequences, and cause lingering damage to public trust. In this analysis, we explore the challenges of assessing risk and benefit, and the limitations of the precautionary principle in these endeavours. When risk is unclear, cautious vigilance might be a more pragmatic and useful policy than reactionary suspensions.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC RESOURCES PROVISION OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Svitlana Khalatur
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Reproductive Processes

Introduction. In the process of agricultural production the natural resources, human resources and capital are used. Responsible management of resources will contribute to the sustainable development of agriculture with the possibility of agricultural products, to satisfy the needs of the population quantitatively and qualitatively. The transition of agricultural production on industrial basis, the emergence of new techniques, technologies, organizational innovations are defined by quantitative and qualitative composition of the economic resources that would meet the modern conditions of activity of the agricultural sector. Purpose. The research aims to identify trends in the structure of the economic resources and their availability in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. Method (methodology). In the process of research the following methods have been used: monographic method; method of critical analysis; method of structural and trend analysis. Results. The structure of assets of agriculture of Ukraine is estimated. We have established the trends in the proportion of assets of agriculture in the structure of the assets of all sectors of the economy and their cost. The dynamics of changes in the ratio of fixed and current assets of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine is analysed. The analysis of non-current assets of agricultural enterprises is considered. It has been determined the dynamics of change in value of fixed assets. The features of reproductive processes in the agricultural sector are formed. The obtained results should be applied at the rationalization of administrative decisions in the field of financial management by managers and specialists of agricultural industry.

Ionic Liquids in Surface Protection of Aluminum and Its Alloys

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin Arias-Pardilla ◽  
Tulia Espinosa ◽  
José Sanes ◽  
Ana Eva Jiménez ◽  
Ginés Martínez-Nicolás ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Surface Protection ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Potential Applications

Aluminum and its alloys are used in an increasing number of applications but the development of surface coatings and new techniques for corrosion resistance enhancement and for increasing wear resistance will be determinant for applications under aggressive environments. Ionic liquids have already found many industrial applications, including their use in surface protection. The present article will focus on the use of ionic liquids in aluminum and its alloys surface protection applications, including corrosion protection and inhibition, anodization and passivation processes, wear resistance, and potential applications of ionic liquid electrolytes in energy storage devices.

scholarly journals Potential Risks of Excess Iodine Ingestion and Exposure: Statement by the American Thyroid Association Public Health Committee

Thyroid ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Leung ◽  
Anca M. Avram ◽  
Alina V. Brenner ◽  
Leonidas H. Duntas ◽  
Joel Ehrenkranz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
American Thyroid Association ◽  
Excess Iodine ◽  
Health Committee ◽  
Potential Risks

On the essence of management forms manifolds in agrarian sphere at institutional reformation

10.12737/6497 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Хисматуллин ◽  
Marsel Khismatullin ◽  
Хафизов ◽  
Dafik Khafizov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Agrarian Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Considerable Work ◽  
Effective Development

An increase the efficiency of agricultural production is the most important economic issue at the present stage. However, according to the authors’ opinion, the sharpness of the problem for a long time is underestimated and continues to be underestimated in the agrarian policy of the country. The consequences of such attitude to the problems of agricultural development particularly had a negative impact on the results of the agricultural producers in 1991-1998 years, when investment in agriculture was sharply reduced, the production potential of the sector has been undermined. The agricultural production fell by 50%, compared to the pre-reform period, 88% of agricultural organizations were unprofitable. During 1999 - 2013 years, the government of the country, scientists carried out considerable work to ensure the effective development of agriculture. But, nevertheless, in 2013, the level of agricultural production was by 10.3% lower, than in the pre-reform 1990 year, the financials continue to worsen. According to the authors, so that to ensure the conditions for agricultural producers for effective functioning, expanded reproduction, it requires substantially to increase the level of state support to agriculture, to improve the economic mechanism of management, to develop management forms manifolds, under which we mean a rational, mutually reinforcing combination of different forms of management, based on different forms of ownership, ensuring the efficient use of available natural, labour, material and financial resources. In the paper the author’s definition of management forms is given. The development of forms of management and ownership in the agricultural sector should be seen as a continuous process. The composition and structure of the management forms in the agrarian sector will be updated with the development of market relations, economic conditions change.

Promoting Healthy Diets and Tackling Obesity and Diet-Related Chronic Diseases: What are the Agricultural Policy Levers?

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2_suppl2) ◽  
pp. S312-S322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Hawkes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Healthy Diets ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Policies And Practices

Background Diet-related chronic diseases are now a serious global public health problem. Public health groups are calling for the agricultural sector to play a greater role in tackling the threat. Objective To identify potential points of policy intervention in the agricultural sector that could be leveraged to promote healthy diets and tackle obesity and diet-related chronic diseases. Methods A review of the literature on the dietary implications of agriculture, a conceptual analysis of the issues, and the identification of relevant examples. Results There are two main potential points of intervention in the agricultural sector that could be leveraged to promote healthy diets: agricultural policies and agricultural production practices. Agricultural policies and practices affect diet through their influence on food availability, price, and nutrient quality, which in turn affects food choices available to consumers. Agricultural policies amenable to intervention include input, production, and trade policies; agricultural production practices amenable to intervention include crop breeding, crop fertilization practices, livestock-feeding practices, and crop systems diversity. Conclusions It is well-known that agricultural policies and production practices influence what farmers choose to grow. Agricultural policies and production practices could also play a role in influencing what consumers choose to eat. To identify how agricultural policies and practices can usefully contribute toward promoting healthy diets and tackling obesity and diet-related chronic diseases, health policymakers need to examine whether current agricultural policies and production practices are contributing to—or detracting from—efforts to attain dietary goals; where and how could agricultural intervention help achieve dietary goals; and whether there are trade-offs between these interventions and other important concerns, such as undernutrition and the livelihoods of agricultural producers. Given the potential of agriculture to contribute to large-scale, population-level dietary improvements, these questions warrant closer attention from health policymakers.

scholarly journals Systems Toxicology

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Michael Sauer ◽  
Thomas Hartung ◽  
Marcel Leist ◽  
Thomas B. Knudsen ◽  
Julia Hoeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Systems Toxicology ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Symposium Overview

Risk assessment, in the context of public health, is the process of quantifying the probability of a harmful effect to individuals or populations from human activities. With increasing public health concern regarding the potential risks associated with chemical exposure, there is a need for more predictive and accurate approaches to risk assessment. Developing such an approach requires a mechanistic understanding of the process by which xenobiotic substances perturb biological systems and lead to toxicity. Supplementing the shortfalls of traditional risk assessment with mechanistic biological data has been widely discussed but not routinely implemented in the evaluation of chemical exposure. These mechanistic approaches to risk assessment have been generally referred to as systems toxicology. This Symposium Overview article summarizes 4 talks presented at the 35th Annual Meeting of the American College of Toxicology.

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