scholarly journals Behavioural responses of diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to extracts derived from Melia azedarach and Azadirachta indica

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Charleston ◽  
R. Kfir ◽  
L.E.M. Vet ◽  
M. Dicke
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Feeding Deterrent ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Larval Behaviour ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Higher Doses

AbstractThe impact of three different doses of botanical insecticide derived from the syringa tree, Melia azedarach and the neem tree, Azadirachta indica was tested on the behaviour of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus). Both botanical insecticides had a significant impact on larval behaviour. At higher doses the extracts showed feeding deterrent activity, with larvae preferring the untreated sides of cabbage leaves and consuming less of the treated half of cabbage leaves. The botanical insecticides had less of an effect on the oviposition behaviour of P. xylostella moths. In laboratory and glasshouse trials, significantly fewer eggs were oviposited on the plants that had been treated with syringa extracts. Therefore, the syringa extracts appear to have a repellent effect. In contrast, when exposed to the neem extracts the moths did not discriminate between control plants and treated plants. Behavioural observation indicated that, despite the lower number of eggs oviposited on cabbage treated with syringa extracts, the moths chose cabbage treated with the highest dose of syringa more often than they chose control cabbage plants. Similar observations were found in cabbage plants treated with neem, moths chose the medium dose more often than they chose the control. Oviposition and feeding deterrent properties are important factors in pest control, and results from this study indicate that botanical insecticides have the potential to be incorporated into control programmes for P. xylostella in South Africa.

scholarly journals INSECTICIDAL JOINT ACTION OF TERNARY EXTRACT MIXTURES OF FOUR SPECIES OF TROPICAL PLANTS AGAINST Plutella xylostella AND Crocidolomia pavonana

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Djoko Prijono ◽  
Maya Anggraini ◽  
Sri Riski Maryani ◽  
Eliana Diana Surya
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Tropical Plants ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetable ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Concentration Ratios

Insecticidal joint action of ternary extract mixtures of four species of tropical plants against Plutella xylostella andCrocidolomia pavonana. The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, and the cabbage head caterpillar (CHC),Crocidolomia pavonana, were two main pests of cruciferous vegetable crops. Among the viable alternative ingredients thatcould be utilized to control those two pests were eco-friendly botanical insecticides. This study was conducted to evaluatethe joint action of ternary extract mixtures of four tropical plant species, i.e. Piper aduncum (Pa), Piper retrofractum (Pr),Sapindus rarak (Sr), and Tephrosia vogelii (Tv), against DBM and CHC. Results of leaf-residue feeding bioassays showedthat based on co-toxicity ratio at both LC 50 and LC levels, ternary mixtures of Pa extract with Sr and Tv extracts at concentrationratios of 1:5:1, 1:5:2, and 2:5:1 indicated synergistic joint action on DBM larvae. A mixture of Pa, Sr and Tv extracts at a ratio of2:5:1 was also synergistic to CHC at both LC level but antagonistic at the LC 95 50 95 and LC 95 levels. This mixture at the 1:5:1 ratio was synergistic on CHC at the LC level whereas at the 1:5:2 ratio was antagonistic to CHC at both LC levels. Furthermore, ternary mixtures of Pr extract with Sr and Tv extracts at the three concentration ratios were synergistic to CHC. Thus, ternary mixtures of Pa or Pr extract with Sr and Tv extracts at appropriate concentration ratios are potential alternatives for the control of DBM and CHC.

scholarly journals Effect of Intercropping White Cabbage with French Marigold (Tagetes Patula Nana) and Pot Marigold (Calendula Officinalis) on Diamondback Moth (Plutella Xylostella L.) Population Density and it's Parasitoid Complex

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Jankowska
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Parasitoid Complex ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Pot Marigold ◽  
The Impact

Effect of Intercropping White Cabbage with French Marigold (Tagetes Patula Nana) and Pot Marigold (Calendula Officinalis) on Diamondback Moth (Plutella XylostellaL.) Population Density and it's Parasitoid ComplexThe impact of intercropping white cabbage (‘Bently F1’) with French MarigoldTagetes patula nana‘Kolombina’ and Pot MarigoldCalendula officinalis‘Promyk’ on the occurrence of diamondback moth (DBM) (Plutella xylostellaL.) and its parasitoid complex was estimated in years 2003-2005. The number of DBM larvae and pupae was significantly lower on plots where cabbage was intercropped compared with the control variant (homogenous crop). The combination with Pot Marigold turned out to be the best in this respect. The DBM larvae parasitization level varied from year to year and its percentage oscillated from 65 to 88%. Eight beneficial insect species belonging to families:Ichneumonidae(4 species),Braconidae(2 species),Pteromalidae(1 species) andEulophidae(1 species) emerged from collected DBM pupae.Diadegma fenestralisHolmgr. was the most abundant species among allPlutellaparasitoids every year of observations as it constitued 65% of all of the reared wasps. No significant differences were determined between the level of parasitization in relation to the type of cultivation.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS INSEKTISIDA EKSTRAK TITHONIA DIVERSIFOLIA (HEMSL.) A GRAY (ASTERACEAE) TERHADAP ULAT DAUN KUBIS PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: YPONOMEUTIDAE)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Efrin Firmansyah ◽  
Dadang . ◽  
Ruli Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Mortality Effect ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Cruciferous Plants

Insecticidal activity of extracts of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray (Asteraceae) against the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) is one of the most destructive pests on cruciferous plants. Generally farmers use synthetic insecticides to control this pest. Intensive and excessive use of insecticides can cause some undesirable effects such as resistance, resurgence, and contamination of insecticide on environment. One effort to solve the problems caused by synthetic insecticides use is by utilization of botanical materials that are potential to be used as botanical insecticides, one of them is Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae). The purpose of this research was to study the insecticidal activity of T. diversifolia as a botanical insecticide against P. xylostella. The leaf residual and topical application methods were used to assess the mortality effect of the extracts. Insect mortality rate was analyzed using probit analysis to obtain LC50 and LC95 values. The results showed that the flower extract had better activity on insect mortality than the leaf extract both in leaf residual and topical application treatments.

scholarly journals Effects of Aqueous Extracts from Amazon Plants on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and Brevicoryne brassicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Laboratory, Semifield, and field trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Cerda ◽  
Carlos Carpio ◽  
A Carolina Ledezma-Carrizalez ◽  
Jessica Sánchez ◽  
Luis Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Aqueous Extracts

Abstract We evaluated the insecticide activities of aqueous extracts of five species of plants from the Ecuadorian Amazon (Deguelia utilis (ACSm.) AMGAZEVEDO (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae), Xanthosoma purpuratum K. Krause (Alismatales: Araceae), Clibadium sp. (Asteracea: Asterales), Witheringia solanacea L'Hér (Solanales: Solanaceae), and Dieffenbachia costata H. Karst. ex Schott (Alismatales: Araceae)) plus Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. (Poales: Poaceae) under laboratory, open-field conditions in Plutella xylostella L. (diamondback moth), and semifield conditions in Brevicoryne brassicae L. Tap water was used as a negative control, and synthetic insecticides were used as positive controls. In a laboratory bioassay, aqueous extracts of D. utilis resulted in P. xylostella larval mortality. In contrast to chlorpyrifos, all botanicals were oviposition deterrents. All extracts except Clibadium sp. decreased leaf consumption by P. xylostella larvae. In semifield experiments, D. utilis, Clibadium sp., D. costata, and X. purpuratum initially controlled the population of B. brassicae, but 7 d after application, all botanicals except the D. utilis lost their ability to control the pest. In field experiments on broccoli crops in both dry and rainy seasons, the extracts did not control the abundance of P. xylostella, where as a mixture of two insecticides (chlorpyrifos + lambda cyhalothrin) did. These results show some incongruences from laboratory to semifield and field conditions, indicating that more studies, including the identification of the chemicals responsible for the biological activity, its stability, and the effects of chemotypes on insecticidal activity, are needed to understand the potential of these plant species as botanical insecticides.

scholarly journals The relationship between the diamondback moth, climatic factors, cabbage crops and natural enemies in a tropical area

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gallo Sow ◽  
Karamoko Diarra ◽  
Laurence Arvanitakis ◽  
Dominique Bordat
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The impact of abiotic and biotic factors (rainfall, temperature, host plant and natural enemies) on population dynamics of the Plutella xylostella L. diamondback moth was investigated. The experiments were conducted during the rainy and dry seasons for two years (June 2009-April 2011) on unsprayed cabbage plots in Malika (Senegal). Every 10 days, 10 cabbages were randomly selected. Plutella xylostella larvae, pupae and parasitoid cocoons were recorded on each plant. Before each sampling, the diameters and ages of plants were recorded. Temperature and rainfall were also recorded during this study. Larvae and pupae of P. xylstella were higher for the dry season than the rainy season. There was a negative correlation between temperature and P. xylostella populations, and a strong relationship between P. xylostella populations and the age of cabbages. Females oviposited on young cabbages where the presence of young larvae was important, whereas older immature stages were mainly found in older cabbage plants. Parasitoid populations were higher for the dry season than the rainy season. High temperatures did not increase the pest populations and parasitism rate. There was no effect found on pest, plants and natural enemies due to rainfall. There was a positive correlation between pest populations and parasitism. Four Hymenoptera species were found: Oomyzus sokolowskii, Apanteles litae, Cotesia plutellae and Brachymeria citrae, but they were not efficient to control the P. xylostella populations. These results are important for understanding the factors that promote or inhibit pest populations and their natural enemies, and therefore essential for effective crop protection.

scholarly journals Impact of insecticides on the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on cabbage in northern Benin

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brice G. Sinhouenon ◽  
Hugues Baimey ◽  
Laura Wauters ◽  
Rufin Dossou ◽  
Regis B. Ahissou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

Description of the subject. The article deals with the study of compatibility of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species with insecticides currently used against diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella (L.) in northern Benin Objectives. The aim of this work was to determine the impact of five insecticides on the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against DBM larvae. Method. Infective juveniles (IJs) of two EPN species (Steinernema sp. 83a and Heterorhabditis sonorensis KF723827) were exposed to five insecticides used against P. xylostella larvae in Djougou for 48 h. The number of surviving nematodes was used to infest DBM larvae. The experiment was carried out under laboratory and semi-field conditions. Results. The bioassays carried out in laboratory showed that the survival rate of nematodes exposed to KARATE 2.5 WG, LAMBDA SUPER 2.5EC or neem oil ranges between 95% and 98%. In the treated plots, Steinernema sp. 83a was the most virulent with the highest P. xylostella mortality (87% at 50 IJs·cm-2 after 24 h) while only 35% larval mortality was recorded for H. sonorensis applied at the same dose. Population density of nematodes which penetrated DBM larvae reached 9 ± 3I IJs·larva-1 for H. sonorensis KF723827 and 6 ± 2 IJs·larva-1 for Steinernema sp. 83a. In cadaver of DBM, nematode reproduction did not appear to be affected by the contact with insecticides. Conclusions. Based on our research, we conclude that the three insecticides did not affect EPNs efficiency and could be used in combination against DBM.

scholarly journals Efeito de extratos aquosos de Azadirachta indica, Melia azedarach e Aspidosperma pyrifolium no desenvolvimento e oviposição de Plutella xylostella

Bragantia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalci Leite Torres ◽  
Arlindo Leal Boiça Júnior ◽  
Cesar Augusto Manfré Medeiros ◽  
Reginaldo Barros
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Aspidosperma Pyrifolium

Foram avaliados a CL50 e o efeito de extratos aquosos de plantas na biologia, oviposição e período embrionário de Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Para determinação da CL50 foram utilizadas concentrações entre 0,03 e 0,8 % para amêndoas de Azadirachta indica (A. Juss.) 0,5 e 7,0 % para casca de Aspidosperma pyrifolium (Mart.) e 0,5 e 12,5 % para frutos de Melia azedarach (L.), obtendo-se as CL50 de 0,06; 2,17 e 2,90%, respectivamente. Verificou-se que os extratos aquosos de todas as espécies vegetais afetaram o desenvolvimento do inseto, principalmente na fase larval. Na fase de pupa, os extratos reduziram a massa e a viabilidade. Houve deformação de adultos para os extratos de A. pyrifolium e M. azedarach e o de A. indica causou maior porcentagem. Todos os extratos possuem efeito tóxico para ovos de P. xylostella, sendo dependente do aumento da concentração. Nos extratos da casca de A. pyrifolium, do fruto de M. azedarach e da amêndoa de A. indica observa-se ação ovicida quando usados na concentração letal de lagartas de primeiro ínstar da praga. Em observações do ovo de P. xylostella com auxílio de um microscópio eletrônico de varredura, verificou-se a existência de microporos onde pode ocorrer a penetração do produto ovicida, além da constatação da textura rugosa da casca do ovo que pode reter ou fixar os extratos.

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