Changes in some physical characteristics of the digesta in the reticulo-rumen of cows fed once daily

1. Three cows were given 3, 5 or 7 kg hay once daily in a Latin-square design, and samples of digesta from four sites in the rumen and one site in the reticulum were taken at six times within the 24 h period after the feed. Dry-matter content and distribution of particle size and of particle density were measured for each sample. The changes in these measurements with time were studied. The incidence of rumination was also recorded.2. Dry-matter contents of samples ranged from 15 to 3%. Values for samples from the dorsal sacs of the rumen were considerably higher than those for samples from the ventral sites; they also changed more with time after feeding and with level of feeding.3. Particles were fractionated by sieving into six size groups with mean dimensions (mm) of 9·3 × 0·8, 4·4 × 0·6, 2·6 × 0·3, 1·6 × 0·25, 0·5 × 0·1 and smaller than 0·5 × 0·1. Coarse particles occurred at highest concentrations in the dorsal sacs of the rumen and responded to effects of time and level of feeding; smaller particles showed less response.4. Particle densities ranged from 800 g/l to 1500 g/l. The proportions of low-density particles were higher in samples from the dorsal sacs of the rumen than in samples from ventral sites; the latter samples had higher proportions of high-density particles than of low-density particles. The changes which occurred are discussed.5. The density of coarse particles tended to be low and that of fine particles tended to be high.6. Rumination started at the time of maximum concentration of particles of low density and minimum concentration of particles of high density. Conversely, rumination ended when the concentration of the low-density particles was a minimum and that of the dense particles a maximum.7. The results are discussed in relation to the possible movement of particles within the reticulo-rumen and the kinetics of particle breakdown.

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Influence of the Crown Shape on the Input of the Fruit and the Productive Potential of Cherry Trees in a High-Density System

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Horticulture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2017.0015 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 75 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Valerian BALAN ◽

Igor IVANOV ◽

Petru BALAN

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Matter Content ◽

High Density ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

The Third ◽

Crown Shape ◽

Slender Spindle ◽

Low Volume

The purpose of this study was to practice and improve the use of low volume crowns in a high-density system in order to obtain qualitative cherry production that would be competitive on the market and to make efficient use of the labor force. The research was carried out in the intensive cherry orchard planted in the autumn of 2011 with “Ferrovia”, “Kordia”, and “Regina” varieties, grafted on Gisela 6 (Prunus cerasus × Prunus canescens) rootstock interspaced at 4x2.5 m and managed according to the Ameliorated natural crown systems with low volume, Ameliorated Slender Spindle and Vase shaped crown. Harvest, diameter, firmness, dry matter content and fruit weight were determined. The trees started to yield in the third year after planting. The harvest in the second year of yielding was 4-5 kg/tree. The average harvest in the third year of yielding was 9640-13290 kg/ha. For all three varieties the harvested quantity and fruit size were correlated with the crown shape. The Ameliorated Slender Spindle crown provided the highest production per hectare, while the Flattened Vase Shaped crown provided the lowest yield but had the highest values of the fruit size (28.2-28.4 mm) and of the soluble dry matter in the fruit (17.9-18.6 Brix%).

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Poplar Biochar as an Alternative Substrate for Curly Endive Cultivated in a Soilless System

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10041258 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 1258

Author(s):

Leo Sabatino ◽

Giovanni Iapichino ◽

Rosario Paolo Mauro ◽

Beppe Benedetto Consentino ◽

Claudio De Pasquale

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Pyrolysis Temperature ◽

Particle Density ◽

Low Cost ◽

Matter Content ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Plant Cultivation ◽

Head Height

Imminent necessity for eco-friendly and low-cost substitutes to peat is a defiance in the soilless plant cultivation systems. Wood biochar could entirely or partly substitute peat as a plant growing constituent to produce vegetables. Nevertheless, knowledge concerning potential plant performance of leafy green vegetables grown on wood biochar is restricted. The present study assessed the main physicochemical traits of various growing media constituted by decreasing the content of peat and by increasing the percentages of poplar wood biochar. Yield, nutritional and functional properties of curly endive plants cultivated in a protected environment were also tested. Biochar was pyrolyzed from poplar (Populus nigra L.) at 450 or 700 °C for 48 h. Increasing biochar concentration and pyrolysis temperature resulted in higher pH, EC and K content of the growing mediums. Biochar was also effective in increasing particle density and bulk density. Biochar at 70% and pyrolysis temperature of 450 °C significantly increased head fresh weight by 47.4%, head height by 24.9%, stem diameter by 21.5% and number of leaves by 80.8%, respectively compared with the control (100% peat). Head dry matter content, root dry matter content, SSC, ascorbic acid and total phenolic were also significantly affected by this treatment. Furthermore, the addition of biochar and the use of higher pyrolysis temperature decreased N leaves concentration. This represents a particularly important target for leafy green vegetables healthiness.

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Optimum harvest date of maize for biogas and silage purposes

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.57.2009.2.3 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 119-125

Author(s):

G. Hadi

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Matter Content ◽

Harvest Date ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Vegetative Organs

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.

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1239 Sources of variation in dry matter content and particle size distribution in total mixed rations in dairy farms in Argentina

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jam2016-1239 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽

pp. 596-597

Author(s):

P. Turiello ◽

M. Ruiz de Huidobro ◽

F. Bargo ◽

A. Larriestra ◽

A. Relling

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Particle Size Distribution ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dairy Farms ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Sources Of Variation

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Persistence of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and its dependence on the biochemical composition

Kartofel` i ovoshi ◽

10.25630/pav.2020.48.63.001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 16-19

Author(s):

Е.В. Янченко

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Matter Content ◽

White Rot ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Modern Varieties

Цель исследований – дать оценку сохраняемости и болезнеустойчивости современных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой и определить корреляционные зависимости влияния биохимических показателей качества на сохраняемость и степень поражения моркови столовой различными видами болезней в процессе хранения. Исследования проводились в 2011–2016 годах во ВНИИО – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО по общепринятым методикам. В биохимической лаборатории отдела земледелия и агрохимии содержание сухого вещества определяли высушиванием до абсолютно сухого веса, общего сахара – по Бертрану, аскорбиновой кислоты – по Мурри, нитраты – ионоселективным методом. При характеристике моркови столовой важнейший показатель, определяющий его качество – количество сухого вещества и сахаров. В процессе хранения были выявлены следующие болезни моркови: серая гниль (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), белая гниль (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.)), белая парша (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), альтернариоз (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). В большей степени сортообразцы моркови столовой поражались серой гнилью. Лучшими по сохраняемости сортообразцами были Корсар (94,6%), F1Берлин (94,5%), Берликум Роял (94,1%) и F1 Звезда (94%). Сохраняемость у зарубежных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой была немного выше, чем у отечественных (на 0,4%) как за счет меньшей величины убыли массы (6,3% против 6,4%), так и потерь от болезней (1,6% против 1,9%). Сохраняемость корнеплодов моркови находится в прямой корреляционной зависимости от содержания сухого вещества (r=+0,41), каротиноидов (r=+0,39), моносахаров (r=+0,30) и суммы сахаров (r=+0,27). Проявление серой гнили находится в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества и каротиноидов (r=-0,37 и r=-0,35 соответственно), белой парши – в прямой корреляции с содержанием сухого вещества , моносахаров и дисахаров (r= +0,21; r= +0,39; r= -0,41 соответственно), белой гнили в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества, моносахаров и дисахаров. The purpose of the research is to assess the persistence and disease resistance of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and to determine the correlation between the influence of biochemical quality indicators on the persistence and degree of damage to carrots by various types of diseases during storage. The research was conducted in 2011–2016 at ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSVC, according to generally accepted methods. In the biochemical laboratory of the Department of Agriculture and Agrochemistry, the dry matter content was determined by drying to absolutely dry weight, total sugar – by Bertran, ascorbic acid – by Murri, nitrates – by the ion-selective method. When describing carrots, the most important indicator that determines its quality is the amount of dry matter and sugars. During storage, the following diseases of carrots were detected: gray rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.), white scab (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), alternariasis (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). To a greater extent, varieties of table carrots were affected by gray rot. The best preserved varieties were Corsar (94.6%), F1 Berlin (94.5%), Berlicum Royal (94.1%) and F1 Zvezda (94%). The persistence of foreign varieties and hybrids of table carrots was slightly higher than that of domestic ones by 0.4%. both due to a smaller amount of weight loss (6.3% vs. 6.4%) and losses from diseases (1.6% vs. 1.9%). The persistence of carrot root crops is directly correlated with the content of dry matter (r=+0.41), carotenoids (r=+0.39), monosaccharides (r=+0.30) and the amount of sugars (r=+0.27). The manifestation of gray rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter and carotenoids (r=-0.37 and r=-0.35, respectively), white scab is in direct correlation with the content of dry matter (r= +0.21; r= +0.39; r= –0.41, respectively), white rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter, monosaccharides and disaccharides.

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