Poplar Biochar as an Alternative Substrate for Curly Endive Cultivated in a Soilless System

Imminent necessity for eco-friendly and low-cost substitutes to peat is a defiance in the soilless plant cultivation systems. Wood biochar could entirely or partly substitute peat as a plant growing constituent to produce vegetables. Nevertheless, knowledge concerning potential plant performance of leafy green vegetables grown on wood biochar is restricted. The present study assessed the main physicochemical traits of various growing media constituted by decreasing the content of peat and by increasing the percentages of poplar wood biochar. Yield, nutritional and functional properties of curly endive plants cultivated in a protected environment were also tested. Biochar was pyrolyzed from poplar (Populus nigra L.) at 450 or 700 °C for 48 h. Increasing biochar concentration and pyrolysis temperature resulted in higher pH, EC and K content of the growing mediums. Biochar was also effective in increasing particle density and bulk density. Biochar at 70% and pyrolysis temperature of 450 °C significantly increased head fresh weight by 47.4%, head height by 24.9%, stem diameter by 21.5% and number of leaves by 80.8%, respectively compared with the control (100% peat). Head dry matter content, root dry matter content, SSC, ascorbic acid and total phenolic were also significantly affected by this treatment. Furthermore, the addition of biochar and the use of higher pyrolysis temperature decreased N leaves concentration. This represents a particularly important target for leafy green vegetables healthiness.

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Quality characterization, phenolic and carotenoid content of new orange, cream and yellow-fleshed sweetpotato genotypes

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-0536-20210309 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 299-304

Author(s):

Lucimeire Pilon ◽

Jaqueline S Guedes ◽

Bruna S Bitencourt ◽

Raphael Augusto de C Melo ◽

Larissa PC Vendrame ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Total Carotenoids ◽

Β Carotene

ABSTRACT Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) is a root crop grown in many countries. This tuberous root is a source of energy, nutrients, and phytochemicals. In this study, bioactive compounds and physical and physicochemical qualities of sweetpotato genotypes were evaluated. Eight new genotypes of sweetpotato produced by Embrapa Hortaliças (orange-fleshed: MD09026-OF and MD09024-OF; cream-fleshed: MD09011-CF, MD09004-CF, MD10039-CF, and MD10004-CF; yellow-fleshed: MD09017-YF and MD12002-YF) and two cultivars used as controls (Beauregard and Brazlândia Roxa) were evaluated for color, soluble solids, dry matter, phenolic compounds, total carotenoids and β-carotene. Hue angles differed even between those sweetpotatoes with the same flesh color. The orange-fleshed genotypes MD09024-OF, MD09026-OF, and Beauregard, had the lowest L*, showing to be darker than the others. These sweetpotatoes also had the brightest flesh colors with higher C*. The orange-fleshed genotypes MD09026-OF and MD09024-OF were sweeter (10.55oBrix and 9.23oBrix) than Beauregard (5.12oBrix). Brazlândia Roxa had the highest dry matter content (38.05%), followed by the genotypes MD10004-CF, MD09017-YF, MD09026-OF MD10039-CF, and MD09011-CF, which showed similarity, ranging from 32.33% to 29.12%. The highest contents of total carotenoids were found for the orange-fleshed genotypes MD09026-OF (80.06 mg g-1) and MD09024-OF (70.56 mg g-1) and Beauregard (73.12 mg g-1). These same genotypes showed the highest total phenolic compounds (0.815 mg g-1 and 0.686 mg g-1, respectively). MD09026-OF showed the highest content of β-carotene (46.47 mg g-1). MD09026-OF was the most prominent genotype among those evaluated, as it showed the highest total carotenoid, β-carotene, phenolic compounds, and soluble solids content, in addition to a high dry matter content.

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Drumstick (Moringa oleifera) Flower as an Antioxidant Dietary Fibre in Chicken Meat Nuggets

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods8080307 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 307 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Pratap Madane ◽

Arun Das ◽

Mirian Pateiro ◽

Pramod Nanda ◽

Samiran Bandyopadhyay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Oxidation ◽

Dietary Fibre ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Sensory Attributes ◽

Matter Content ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Array Detector ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Chicken Nuggets

The present work investigated the efficacy of Moringa flower (MF) extract to develop a functional chicken product. Three groups of cooked chicken nuggets—control (C), T1 (with 1% MF) and T2 (2% MF)—were elaborated and their physicochemical, nutritional, storage stability and sensory attributes were assessed during refrigerated storage at 4 °C up to 20 days. In addition, MF extracts were characterised in terms of chemical composition, total phenolic content and its components using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD), dietary fibre and antioxidant capacity. MF contained high protein (17.87 ± 0.28 dry matter), dietary fibre (36.14 ± 0.77 dry matter) and total phenolics (18.34 ± 1.16 to 19.49 ± 1.35 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry matter) content. The treated nuggets (T1 and T2) had significantly enhanced cooking yield, emulsion stability, ash, protein, total phenolics and dietary fibre compared to control. Incorporation of MF extract at 2% not only significantly reduced the redness/increased the lightness, but also decreased the hardness, gumminess and chewiness of the product compared to control. Moreover, the addition of MF extract significantly improved the oxidative stability and odour scores by reducing lipid oxidation during storage time. Sensory attributes of nuggets were not affected by the addition of MF extract and the products remained stable and acceptable even on 15th day of storage. These results showed that MF extract could be considered as an effective natural functional ingredient for quality improvement and reducing lipid oxidation in cooked chicken nuggets.

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Use of dry matter content as a rapid and low-cost estimate for ranking genotypic differences in water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations in the stem and leaf sheath of Triticum aestivum

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp08073 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 51 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Gang-Ping Xue ◽

C. Lynne McIntyre ◽

Allan R. Rattey ◽

Anthony F. van Herwaarden ◽

Ray Shorter

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Low Cost ◽

Leaf Sheath ◽

Matter Content ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Genotypic Differences ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Cereal Breeding ◽

Field Samples

Stem water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) are an important source of temporary carbohydrate reserve in cool-season cereals. Genotypic variation in stem WSC concentration in wheat at anthesis is often positively associated with grain weight and yield in water-limited environments. In this study we have examined the relationship between dry matter content (DMC, dry weight per unit of fresh weight) and WSC concentration in field-grown bread wheat. Strong correlations (r = 0.92–0.95) were observed between DMC and WSC concentration in the stem and leaf sheath from the top two or three internodes of recombinant inbred lines from a cross between Seri M82 and Babax, at anthesis or 1 week after anthesis, in several field experiments. This strong correlation was also observed in diverse genotypes grown under rainfed or irrigated conditions. DMC and WSC concentration were also positively correlated in the whole above-ground biomass of wheat at anthesis (r = 0.74–0.91). Measurement of stem and leaf sheath DMC and WSC concentration in a small number of samples would allow the rapid prediction of WSC concentrations in a large number of field samples with reasonable accuracy, as demonstrated in a small dataset in this study. These data indicate that DMC can serve cereal breeding as a rapid and low-cost selection tool for genotypic ranking of WSC concentrations in breeding populations.

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DO SALICYLIC ACID, NITRIC OXIDE AND FEEDING BY MAHANARVA SPECTABILIS NYMPHS INDUCE A RESISTANCE RESPONSE IN ELEPHANT GRASS?

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479713000689 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 498-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. V. LEITE ◽

A. M. AUAD ◽

T. T. RESENDE ◽

M. P. FRIAS ◽

M. G. FONSECA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Salicylic Acid ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Total Phenolic Compounds ◽

Resistance Response

SUMMARYThe objective of this study was to determine whether salicylic acid, nitric oxide (NO) and/or feeding by nymphs of the spittlebug Mahanarva spectabilis affect the concentration of total phenolic compounds and the dry matter content of different genotypes of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum). Four genotypes of elephant grass with varying levels of resistance to insect attack were treated with 4 mL of salicylic acid (1%) or 2 mL of NO per plant in the presence and the absence of nymphs. We determined the concentration of total phenolic compounds and the percentage dry matter of shoots and roots in the plants. We found that salicylic acid, NO and attack by M. spectabilis did not change significantly the total phenolic compounds concentration in any of the genotypes of elephant grass tested. However, we observed variations in the concentration of phenolic compounds produced between the resistant and susceptible genotypes, both in the shoot, when subjected to salicylic acid or nymphs, and in the roots in the presence of nymphs. Furthermore, the inducers resulted in variation in the dry matter content of the shoots and roots for most of the genotypes tested. Therefore, we conclude that chemical inducers and feeding by M. spectabilis nymphs cannot be used to elicit a resistance response in elephant grass by stimulating the production of phenolic compounds.

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Infrared Spectroscopy for the Quality Assessment of Habanero Chilli: A Proof-of-Concept Study

Engineering Proceedings ◽

10.3390/engproc2021008019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Joel B. Johnson ◽

Janice S. Mani ◽

Mani Naiker

Keyword(s):

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Infrared Spectra ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Near Infrared Spectra

Habanero chillies (Capsicum chinense cv Habanero) are a popular species of hot chilli in Australia, with their production steadily increasing. However, there is limited research on this crop due to its relatively low levels of production at present. Rapid methods of assessing fruit quality could be greatly beneficial both for quality assurance purposes and for use in breeding programs or experimental growing trials. Consequently, this work investigated the use of infrared spectroscopy for predicting dry matter content, total phenolic content and capsaicin/dihydrocapsaicin content in 20 Australian Habanero chilli samples. Near-infrared spectra (908–1676 nm) taken from the fresh fruit showed strong potential for the estimation of dry matter content, with an R2cv of 0.65 and standard error of cross-validation (SECV) of 0.50%. A moving-window partial least squares regression model was applied to optimise the spectral window used for dry matter content prediction, with the best-performing window being between 1224 and 1422 nm. However, the near-infrared spectra could not be used to estimate the total phenolic content or capsaicin/dihydrocapsaicin content of the samples. Mid-infrared spectra (4000–400 cm−1) collected from the dried, powdered material showed slightly more promise for the prediction of total phenolics and the ratio of capsaicin-to-dihydrocapsaicin, with an R2cv of 0.45 and SECV of 0.32 for the latter. The results suggest that infrared spectroscopy may be able to determine dry matter content in Habanero chilli with acceptable accuracy, but not the capsaicinoid or total phenolic content.

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Low-cost, handheld near-infrared spectroscopy for root dry matter content prediction in cassava

10.1101/2021.04.30.441802 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jenna Hershberger ◽

Edwige Gaby Nkouaya Mbanjo ◽

Prasad Peteti ◽

Andrew Smith Ikpan ◽

Kayode Ogunpaimo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Low Cost ◽

Model Performance ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Least Squares Regression ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Test Sets ◽

Root Dry Matter Content

Over 800 million people across the tropics rely on cassava as a major source of calories. While the root dry matter content (RDMC) of this starchy root crop is important for both producers and consumers, characterization of RDMC by traditional methods is time-consuming and laborious for breeding programs. Alternate phenotyping methods have been proposed but lack the accuracy, cost, or speed ultimately needed for cassava breeding programs. For this reason, we investigated the use of a low-cost, handheld NIR spectrometer for field-based RDMC prediction in cassava. Oven-dried measurements of RDMC were paired with 21,044 scans of roots of 376 diverse clones from 10 field trials in Nigeria and grouped into training and test sets based on cross-validation schemes relevant to plant breeding programs. Mean partial least squares regression model performance ranged from R2p = 0.62 - 0.89 for within-trial predictions, which is within the range achieved with laboratory-grade spectrometers in previous studies. Relative to other factors, model performance was highly impacted by the inclusion of samples from the same environment in both the training and test sets. Random forest variable importance analysis of root spectra revealed increased importance in a region previously identified as predictive of water content in plants (~950 - 990 nm). With appropriate model calibration, the tested spectrometer will allow for field-based collection of spectral data with a smartphone for accurate RDMC prediction and potentially other quality traits, a step that could be easily integrated into existing harvesting workflows of cassava breeding programs.

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Changes in some physical characteristics of the digesta in the reticulo-rumen of cows fed once daily

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19730114 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 357-376 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

E. W. Evans ◽

G. R. Pearce ◽

J. Burnett ◽

Susan L. Pillinger

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Fine Particles ◽

Particle Density ◽

Matter Content ◽

High Density ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Low Density ◽

Coarse Particles ◽

Minimum Concentration ◽

Once Daily

1. Three cows were given 3, 5 or 7 kg hay once daily in a Latin-square design, and samples of digesta from four sites in the rumen and one site in the reticulum were taken at six times within the 24 h period after the feed. Dry-matter content and distribution of particle size and of particle density were measured for each sample. The changes in these measurements with time were studied. The incidence of rumination was also recorded.2. Dry-matter contents of samples ranged from 15 to 3%. Values for samples from the dorsal sacs of the rumen were considerably higher than those for samples from the ventral sites; they also changed more with time after feeding and with level of feeding.3. Particles were fractionated by sieving into six size groups with mean dimensions (mm) of 9·3 × 0·8, 4·4 × 0·6, 2·6 × 0·3, 1·6 × 0·25, 0·5 × 0·1 and smaller than 0·5 × 0·1. Coarse particles occurred at highest concentrations in the dorsal sacs of the rumen and responded to effects of time and level of feeding; smaller particles showed less response.4. Particle densities ranged from 800 g/l to 1500 g/l. The proportions of low-density particles were higher in samples from the dorsal sacs of the rumen than in samples from ventral sites; the latter samples had higher proportions of high-density particles than of low-density particles. The changes which occurred are discussed.5. The density of coarse particles tended to be low and that of fine particles tended to be high.6. Rumination started at the time of maximum concentration of particles of low density and minimum concentration of particles of high density. Conversely, rumination ended when the concentration of the low-density particles was a minimum and that of the dense particles a maximum.7. The results are discussed in relation to the possible movement of particles within the reticulo-rumen and the kinetics of particle breakdown.

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Maize silage for dairy cows

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.2001.63.2407 ◽

2001 ◽

pp. 195-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

E.S. Kolver ◽

J.R. Roche ◽

D. Miller ◽

R. Densley

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Dairy Cow ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Energy Content ◽

Low Cost ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Productivity Gains

This paper reviews the use of maize silage in pastoral dairying systems in New Zealand. The evolution of dairying systems to make profitable use of maize silage and other supplementary feeds has occurred during the last decade in conjunction with an increased use of maize silage. When used within recommended levels of feeding, maize silage provides a low cost source of starch and fibre which complements pasture well for much of the year. Balancing dietary deficiencies in protein, minerals, and in some cases fibre, will optimise milksolids production at high levels of maize silage supplementation. Targets for good quality maize silage include a dry matter content of 28-35%, an energy content of 10.8 MJME/ kgDM, a protein content of 7-8%, and a pH of 3.8 to 4.5. Opportunities for further productivity gains exist through further intensification of dairying systems using high-yielding crops. Keywords: dairy cow, feed quality, maize silage, nutrition

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Use of NIR spectroscopy on fresh apples to determine the phenolic compounds and dry matter content in peel and flesh

BASE - Numéro 3 ◽

10.25518/1780-4507.16241 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 3-12

Author(s):

Audrey Pissard ◽

Vincent Baeten ◽

Pierre Dardenne ◽

Pascal Dupont ◽

Marc Lateur

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Nir Spectroscopy ◽

Matter Content ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Calibration And Validation ◽

Apple Quality ◽

Non Destructive

Description of the subject. The article deals with the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) on fresh apples to determine the phenolic compounds and dry matter content in peel and flesh powders. Objectives. The aim is the rapid and non-destructive determination of these nutritional parameters. Method. Two hundred twenty-nine fruits from 20 varieties were analyzed with NIR spectroscopy and reference methods. Results. Great variability of total phenolic compounds (TPC) in peel and flesh powders was observed among varieties. The dry matter (DM) content also differed greatly between peel and flesh. Calibration and validation models showed high coefficients of determination for the TPC content, which were slightly higher for the peel than for the flesh (R² val = 0.91 and 0.84 respectively). For the DM content, high coefficients of determination and ratios of prediction to deviation (RPDs) were also observed (R² val = 0.94, RPD = 4.8 and R² val = 0.94, RPD = 4.9 for the peel and flesh respectively). Conclusions. Calibration and validation models allow quantitative predictions to be made for TPC and DM content. They confirm the potential of NIRS for predicting the polyphenol content and highlight its potential for determining the DM content, a parameter often neglected in research into apple quality.

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Optimum harvest date of maize for biogas and silage purposes

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.57.2009.2.3 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 119-125

Author(s):

G. Hadi

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Matter Content ◽

Harvest Date ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Vegetative Organs

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.

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