scholarly journals Tissue S-adenosylmethionine levels in fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) with nitrous oxide-induced neuropathy

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. van der Westhuyzen ◽  
J. Metz
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Fruit Bats ◽  
Fruit Bat ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Mean Concentration

1. The effect of cobalamin inactivation by the anaesthetic gas nitrous oxide on the concentration of S-adenosylmethionine (Ado Met) in brain and liver of fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) was examined.2. Test animals exposed to N2O–oxygen (50:50, v/v) developed ataxia and paralysis leading to death after an average of 9·8 weeks (n 6). Animals receiving pteroylmonoglutamic acid supplements in the diet became ataxic earlier (mean 8·8 weeks) while those receiving methionine supplements survived for significantly longer periods (12·5 weeks, P < 0·01).3. Plasma cobalamin levels indicated severe depletion of cobalamin stores in N2O-exposed animals.4. The mean concentration of Ado Met in the brain of N2O-treated bats was nearly 50% higher than that of untreated controls. Ado Met levels in treated bats receiving pteroylmonoglutamic acid or methionine supplements were respectively 18 and 25% higher than in controls. In contrast, the concentration of Ado Met in the liver of all the N2O-treated groups was slightly lower than in controls.5. These results suggest that the N2O-induced neuropathy in the fruit bat is not related to a depletion of Ado Met in the nervous system.

A Comparative Study of the Lipids of the Vertebrate Central Nervous System

1952 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-202
Author(s):  
J. D. McCOLL ◽  
R. J. ROSSITER
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Small Concentration ◽  
Myelin Lipid ◽  
Bony Fishes ◽  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Vertebrate Central Nervous System

1. The concentration of water, cerebroside (glycosphingoside), free and total cholesterol, total phospholipin, monoaminophospholipin (phosphoglyceride) and lecithin (phosphatidyl choUne) was determined in the brains of a series of vertebrates, including representatives of the cartilaginous and bony fishes, amphibians, reptiles birds and mammals. From these figures was calculated the concentration of ester cholesterol, sphingomyelin (phosphosphingoside) and kephalin. 2. The brains of each of the species contained a negligibly small concentration of cholesterol ester and, unlike the nervous system of certain invertebrates, the brains of all the species contained some cerebroside. 3. The concentration of each lipid in the brain was very similar for different individuals of the same species, but for various species within one class the mean concentration of many of the lipids differed greatly. 4. The mean concentration of total myelin lipid and that of each of the individual myelin lipids, i.e. cerebroside, cholesterol and sphingomyelin, was greater in the brains of the mammals than in the brains of the lower vertebrates.

scholarly journals Cobalamin neuropathy. Is S-adenosylhomocysteine toxicity a factor?

1990 ◽  
Vol 266 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Vieira-Makings ◽  
J Metz ◽  
J Van der Westhuyzen ◽  
T Bottiglieri ◽  
I Chanarin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Fruit Bats ◽  
Intermittent Exposure ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Cobalamin neuropathy was produced in cape fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) by a cobalamin-free diet combined with intermittent exposure to nitrous oxide, which inactivates cobalamin. There were no significant differences in S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine ratios in the central nervous system of cobalamin-deficient and cobalamin-replete bats. Taken with other data there are no grounds of support for a hypothesis that cobalamin neuropathy is the result of impaired methylation, however produced.

A Comparative Study of the Lipids of the Vertebrate Central Nervous System

1952 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
J. D. McCOLL ◽  
R. J. ROSSITER
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Myelin Lipid ◽  
Bony Fishes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Vertebrate Central Nervous System

1. The concentration of water, cerebroside (glycosphingoside), free and total cholesterol, total phospholipin, monoaminophospholipin (phosphoglyceride) and lecithin (phosphatidyl choline) was determined in the spinal cords of a series of vertebrates including representatives of the cartilaginous and bony fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. From these figures was calculatedthe concentration of ester cholesterol, sphingomyelin (phosphosphingoside) and kephalin. 2. As was previously found for brain, the spinal cords of each of the species studied contained negligibly small concentrations of cholesterol ester. 3. The concentration of each lipid in the spinal cord was very similar for different individuals of the same species, but for different species within the same class the mean concentration of many of the lipids extended over a wide range. 4. The concentration of total cholesterol, sphingolipid and myelin lipid was greater in the spinal cords of mammals than in the spinal cords of the lower vertebrates. 5. Expressed as a percentage of ‘essential lipid’, the concentration of cerebroside, cholesterol, sphingomyelin, sphingolipid and myelin lipid, but not of lecithin and kephalin, was greater in the spinal cord than in the brain. 6. For the spinal cords of the species studied, the mean concentration of cerebroside expressed as a percentage of ‘essential lipid’ was negatively correlated with the mean concentration of sphingomyelin. 7. The results are discussed in relation to the chemical nature of the lipids of the myelin sheath of a vertebrate nerve fibre.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Position Sense of the Knee Joint in PatientsWith Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Controls

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saina Aliabadi ◽  
Roya Khanmohammadi ◽  
Gholamrezareza Olyaei ◽  
Nastaran Ghotbi ◽  
Saeed Talebian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: Position sense, one of the most accurate senses in the body, makes everyone aware of the state of the body in space. This sense is an essential ability in maintaining physical health and avoiding injury. Deficits in position sense cause balance impairments in people with mild Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Position sense requires instant and coordinated communication between the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system, while in patients with MS, communication between the brain and other parts of the body is disrupted. This study aims to compare the position sense of knee joint in people with MS and healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: Ten healthy subjects with the Mean±SD age of 27.6±3.71 years and 10 persons with MS disease and the Mean±SD age of 31.40±3.50 years participated in this study. For evaluating their position sense of knee joint, they flexed their knees (from 90 to 45 degrees) four times, and then a software calculated their repositioning errors. Results: No significant changes in repositioning errors (constant, variable, absolute) were observed in MS patients, and the control group (P˃0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate that mild MS disease cannot disturb the position sense of knee joint.

scholarly journals Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system: a clinical-pathological and immunohistochemical study of ten autopsy cases

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 976-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Costa ◽  
Marcello Franco ◽  
Myriam Dumas Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Primary Lymphoma ◽  
System A ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain

CONTEXT: Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) are a rare subgroup of lymphomas generally associated with HIV and EBV. OBJECTIVE: To study ten autopsy cases of PCNSL, to describe the neuropathological findings, to characterize the phenotype of the neoplastic cells, to detect EBV in the lesion and to compare the findings with the clinical and laboratory data of the patients. METHOD: The clinical, histological and immunohistochemical data of ten cases of PCNSL, eight cases from patients with AIDS, identified among 265 autopsies of these patients were analyzed. RESULTS: Seven patients were males and the mean age was 40.9 years. The most frequent symptomatology was focal neurologic deficit (70%). Six patients presented with only one lesion. Histologically, densely cellular and polymorphous neoplasms with angiocentrism were observed, in 90% of cases. An association with other diseases was observed in four cases. Most patients had diffuse large B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. EBV was detected by immunohistochemistry in only one case. The lack of detection of the virus might have been due to the long time of fixation of the brain which might have inactivate epitopes therefore compromising the testing. CONCLUSION: In the present series, PCNSL presented with focal symptoms, with unifocal or multifocal lesions, with a predominant B-cell CD20 positive phenotype, rarely associated with EBV.

scholarly journals VIII. Experiments and observations on the influence of the nerves of the eighth pair on the secretions of the stomach. By B. C. Brodie, Esq. F. R. S. Communicated by the Society for the promotion of animal chemistry

1814 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Experiment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Circulation Of The Blood ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
The Way

In a paper formerly communicated to this Society by Sir Everard Home, and since published in the Philosophical Transactions for the year 1809, some facts were stated which render it probable that the various animal secretions are dependent on the influence of the nervous system, and this opinion seemed to derive support from some physiological experiments which were afterwards instituted by myself, and in which it was observed, that after the functions of the brain had been destroyed, although the action of the heart continued, and the circulation of the blood was maintained as under ordinary circumstances, the secreting organs invariably ceased to perform their office. It has been attempted by former physiologists to determine how far the nerves are necessary to secretion, but there are considerable obstacles in the way of this inquiry, and no observations, that have been hitherto made, appear to throw a great deal of light on the subject. The only method, which can be devised, of ascertaining by direct experiment, whether the nerves are really necessary to secretion, is that of dividing the nervous branches by which the glands are supplied. But this, with respect to the greater number of the glands, is an experiment impossible to perform; and, with respect to others, can not be executed without so much disturbance and injury to the other parts, as must render it extremely difficult to arrive at any positive results. Perhaps in future investigations, some circumstances may arise, which will enable us to determine more satisfactorily this important physiological question. In the mean time, as the labours of physiologists have hitherto contributed so little to this purpose, any facts that tend to its elucidation may deserve to be recorded, and I am therefore induced to lay before the Society the following experiments, which afford one example of a secretion being dependent on the influence of the nerves.

scholarly journals Tissue folates in fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) with nitrous oxide-induced vitamin B12deficiency and neurological impairment

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Van Der Westhuyzen ◽  
Richard E. Davis ◽  
Graham C. Icke ◽  
Jack Metz
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Subcellular Distribution ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Fruit Bats ◽  
Fruit Bat

1. Long-term exposure of the fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus to nitrous oxide, which inactivates methylco balamin, leads to neurological impairment and ataxia.2. In N2, O-exposed animals, liver concentrations of total folates and methyl folates decreased to less than one fifth that of control animals. Pediococcus cerevisiue-active folates were also reduced.3. In brain, there were no changes in total or methyl folates, but P.cerevisiae-active folates were lower in N2, O-exposed animals.4. Supplementation with methionine retarded the development of neurological impairment and the fall in liver total and methyl folates, but not that in P. cerevisiae-active folates.5. Supplementation with serine failed to retard the development of neurological impairment or fall in hepatic folates.6. The present results suggest that the N2O-induced neurological impairment in the bat is not related to depletion of cerebral folates, but do not exclude changes in the subcellular distribution of folates.

scholarly journals Gas Exchange in Abdominal Cavity during Laparoscopy

1983 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 1015-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A E Cameron ◽  
G L de Dear ◽  
T J Pocock ◽  
R W G Tennant
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Insufflating Gas ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Concentration ◽  
Mean Concentration

Gas exchange occurring in the abdominal cavity during laparoscopy, using carbon dioxide as the insufflating gas, was investigated in 25 female patients being ventilated with 66.6% nitrous oxide and 33.3% oxygen. The gas remaining in the abdomen at the end of the procedure was collected and measurements were made using an infrared spectrometer, a paramagnetic analyser and a mass spectrometer. The mean duration of the laparoscopy was 9.5 minutes and the mean volume of carbon dioxide delivered was 6.8 litres. Nitrous oxide concentration in the abdomen was found to increase significantly with the duration of the procedure, varying from 1.4% to 12.8% with a mean of 4.3% (s.d.±2.4). Oxygen concentration measured from 0.1 to 1.8% with a mean of 0.7% (s.d.±0.4). Nitrogen concentration varied from zero to 1.8%, having a mean concentration of 0.8% (s.d.±0.5). Carbon dioxide content was from 85.7 to 99.6% with a mean concentration of 94.2% (s.d.±3.1).

Rythme nycthéméral de la synthèse protéique ovarienne chez le crustacé oniscoïde Porcellio dilatatus Brandt et rôle du protocérébron

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gohar ◽  
C. Souty-Grosset ◽  
P. Juchault
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
Protein Synthesis Rhythm ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain

In Porcellio dilatatus, ovarian protein synthesis shows a diurnal rhythm with a maximum at the onset of night. Sham-operated females maintain this rhythm, which disappears after the ablation of the central part of the protocerebron. This operation also induces a decrease in the mean level of ovarian protein synthesis. Protocerebron implantation, before the removal of the brain, does not prevent the loss of that rhythm but maintains the same synthesis level as in sham-operated animals. Control of the ovarian protein synthesis rhythm by the central nervous system and the existence of a stimulating neurohormone for that synthesis are discussed.

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