scholarly journals A 2-year longitudinal nutritional survey of 405 Northumberland children initially aged 11.5 years

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Hackett ◽  
A. J. Rugg-Gunn ◽  
D. R. Appleton ◽  
J. E. Eastoe ◽  
G. N. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Broad Agreement ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Dietary Surveys ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nutritional Survey

1. Children (405), initially of average age 11.5 years, recorded all food and drinks consumed for three consecutive days (with an interview on the fourth day) on five separate occasions over a 2-year period. Food tables (Paul & Southgate, 1978) enabled nutrient intakes to be calculated. The data collected were found to be of high reliability (Hackett et al. 1983).2. The mean energy intakes showed broad agreement with other recent British dietary surveys but were well below those recorded in the prewar study by Widdowson (1947) and the FAO/WHO (1973) recommended levels. They were slightly below the current Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS; 1979) recommended intakes.3. Over the 2-year period, the energy intake of the boys increased by 13% compared with an increase of only 7% in the girls.4. The iron and vitamin A intakes of all groups of children were low compared with current recommendations (DHSS, 1979). This seems to be a result of falling energy intake. Mean calcium intakes were also only marginally in excess of the recommended intake, and those of most of the girls would fall below the recommendation if the proposal to end the fortification of flour (DHSS, 1981) is implemented.

scholarly journals The use of supermarket till receipts to determine the fat and energy intake in a UK population

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1279-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan K Ransley ◽  
Judith K Donnelly ◽  
Tanya N Khara ◽  
Helen Botham ◽  
Heidy Arnot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Dietary Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Purchases ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Dietary Surveys ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
Preliminary Research

AbstractObjectives:To validate the use of supermarket receipts as an index of fat and energy intake in a population that buys most of its food from supermarkets.Design:Cross-sectional, prospective dietary survey – feasibility study.Setting:Households situated within a 20-mile radius of a large (Tesco) supermarket in Leeds.Subjects:Two hundred and fourteen households who spend ≥=60% of their food purse in (Tesco and other) supermarkets.Results:Mean daily household purchase of fat, energy and percentage energy from fat contained in food from supermarkets were 185 g, 19.2 MJ and 35.9%. Mean daily household intakes of fat and energy were 190 g and 20.7 MJ, and 35% of energy was derived from fat. Mean household size was 2.4 persons. The association between the amount of fat and energy purchased from supermarkets and the amount of fat and energy consumed by households was strong. 0.90 MJ (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8–1.0) of energy were consumed for every 1 MJ purchased from supermarkets and 0.76 g (95% CI: 0.64–0.87) of fat were consumed for every 1 g of fat purchased.Conclusions:The results show a strong association between estimates of the intakes of fat and energy and percentage energy from fat using 4-day food diaries and 28 days of receipts, in populations who buy most of their food from supermarkets. They also show that the fat content of total food purchases from supermarkets is 35.9% energy from fat compared with 33% energy from fat recommended by the Department of Health. This preliminary research indicates the feasibility of and potential for utilising large quantities of readily available data generated from supermarket checkouts in dietary surveys.

Adequacy of Nutrient Intakes in Elite Junior Basketball Players

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 516-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Nikić ◽  
Željko Pedišić ◽  
Zvonimir Šatalić ◽  
Saša Jakovljević ◽  
Danielle Venus
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Absolute Energy

Purpose:The aim of this study was to assess the nutrient intakes of elite junior basketball players in comparison with nonathletes.Methods:A previously designed food frequency questionnaire was undertaken by 57 male elite junior basketball players 15 to 16 years of age and 53 nonathlete peers.Results:Mean estimated energy intake was more than 700 kcal higher in basketball players than in the nonathletes (p = .002). In both groups estimated energy intake was ~14% from protein, 38% from fat, and ~48% from carbohydrates. For the basketball players, estimated protein intake was below 1.4 g/kg in 32% of the group and above 1.7 g/kg in 51%, while carbohydrate intake was below 6 g/kg in 56%. Percentages of participants who apparently failed to meet the estimated average requirement for micronutrients were higher in the nonathlete group. The nutrients most likely to fail to meet the recommendations for nutrient density were vitamin A (~70%), zinc (49% in basketball players and 30% in nonathletes), niacin and calcium (~30% for both micronutrients in both groups).Conclusion:Within the limitations of the survey methodology, elite junior basketball players appear to consume higher absolute energy, macronutrient and micronutrient intakes than nonathletes, but the contribution of macronutrients to daily energy intake and the nutrient density of food choices was similar for both groups. Elite junior basketball players might benefit from nutrition education targeting carbohydrate and protein intake. Dietary modifications that increase intakes of vitamin A, zinc, calcium and niacin in the diets of both groups might also be of value.

scholarly journals Validation of the CIMI-Ethiopia Program and Seasonal Variation in Maternal Nutrient Intake in Enset (False Banana) Growing Areas of Southern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 2852
Author(s):  
Tafese Bosha ◽  
Christine Lambert ◽  
Simon Riedel ◽  
Ute Gola ◽  
Aberra Melesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
The Mean

Background: Tools for the rapid and accurate analysis of nutrient intakes from diets of individuals in Southern Ethiopia are lacking. The Calculator of Inadequate Micronutrient Intake program for Ethiopia (CIMI-Ethiopia) has been developed to overcome this problem. CIMI-Ethiopia also computes protein and energy intakes from the diet. The objectives of the current study were to validate CIMI-Ethiopia for the dietary pattern of Southern Ethiopia, and assess the nutrient intakes in postharvest dry and lean wet seasons. Methods: 24-h dietary recall (24HR) data was collected from 578 women of a reproductive age in postharvest dry and lean wet seasons in 2017. For analysis, 24HR data was entered into NutriSurvey (NS), which was the reference nutrition software, and then into CIMI-Ethiopia. For validation, the mean and standard deviation (SD) of the difference between CIMI-Ethiopia and NS were computed. The percentage of participants with an inadequate intake was calculated. The correlation between CIMI-Ethiopia and NS results was determined. The nutrient intakes in postharvest dry and lean seasons were compared. Results: Among the nutrients, pantothenic acid, vitamin B1, and protein showed a very high accuracy in CIMI-Ethiopia calculation (|difference (D)| < 5.0% of the NS result). Nutrients with a good accuracy (|D| = 5%–15%) were iron, zinc, magnesium, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and energy. The accuracy for calcium, niacin, and vitamin A was moderate (|D| = 15%–30%). The intakes calculated by CIMI-Ethiopia and NS of iron, zinc, magnesium, calcium, B-complex vitamins, vitamin A, protein, and energy were highly correlated (r = 0.85–0.97, p < 0.001). NS analysis identified a significant reduction in the mean intake of iron; zinc; magnesium; pantothenic acid; vitamin B1, B12, and D; protein; and energy in the lean wet season; however, calcium and vitamin A intake increased. Conclusions: It has been found that CIMI-Ethiopia is a valid tool for estimating nutrient intakes at an individual level in Southern Ethiopia. The study demonstrated a decline in intakes of iron; zinc; magnesium; pantothenic acid; vitamin B1, B12, and D; protein; and energy in the lean wet season. This result provides some hint for fortification and supplementation programs that aim to combat maternal malnutrition in rural Southern Ethiopia.

scholarly journals The diets of preschool children in newcastle upon tyne, 1968–71

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison E. Black ◽  
W. Z. Billewicz ◽  
A. M. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Qualitative Information ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Dietary Surveys ◽  
Newcastle Upon Tyne

1. Ninety-one families containing 140 children under 4 years of age at enrolment were studied. At 1-monthly intervals, the children were weighed and measured and qualitative information about feeding habits was obtained. Weighed dietary surveys for periods of 5 d were made at approximately 8 months, 20 months, 3 years and 5 years of age; there were forty-six failures in 260 surveys attempted.2. At the four specified ages, mean energy intakes were 3.75, 5.03, 5.82 and 6.75 MJ (896, 1203, 1392 and 1613 kcal)/d respectively. At 8 months, milk products provided on average, 43% of the total energy intake and commercial baby foods provided 17%. These values decreased to 21 and 2% respectively at 20 months and there was little further change thereafter.3. Average intakes of energy and of most nutrients met recommended intakes (Department of Health and Social Security, 1969). Iron intakes were marginal, and vitamin D intakes were low.4. The energy intake of boys was significantly higher than that of girls at 3 years of age, but the boys were not significantly heavier. The energy intake of children from ‘manualworker’ families was higher than that from ‘non-manual’ families. Similarly, the energy intake of children from larger families was higher than that of children from smaller families.5. Energy intakes were correlated with body-weights and with rates of gain in weight. Irrespective of body-weight, ‘big eaters’ at 20 months tended to be ‘big eaters’ at 3 years also.

scholarly journals Influence of Menstrual Cycle or Hormonal Contraceptive Phase on Energy Intake and Metabolic Hormones—A Pilot Study

Endocrines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Johanna K. Ihalainen ◽  
Ida Löfberg ◽  
Anna Kotkajuuri ◽  
Heikki Kyröläinen ◽  
Anthony C. Hackney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Recreational Athletes ◽  
Total Ghrelin ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Training

Sex hormones are suggested to influence energy intake (EI) and metabolic hormones. This study investigated the influence of menstrual cycle (MC) and hormonal contraceptive (HC) cycle phases on EI, energy availability (EA), and metabolic hormones in recreational athletes (eumenorrheic, NHC = 15 and monophasic HC-users, CHC = 9). In addition, 72-h dietary and training logs were collected in addition to blood samples, which were analyzed for 17β-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), leptin, total ghrelin, insulin, and tri-iodothyronine (T3). Measurements were completed at four time-points (phases): Bleeding, mid-follicular (FP)/active 1, ovulation (OVU)/active 2, mid-luteal (LP)/inactive in NHC/CHC, respectively. As expected, E2 and P4 fluctuated significantly in NHC (p < 0.05) and remained stable in CHC. In NHC, leptin increased significantly between bleeding and ovulation (p = 0.030) as well as between FP and OVU (p = 0.022). No group differences in other measured hormones were observed across the MC and HC cycle. The mean EI and EA were similar between phases, with no significant differences observed in macronutrient intake over either the MC or HC. While the MC phase might have a small, but statistically significant effect on leptin, the findings of the present study suggest that the MC or HC phase does not significantly alter ad libitum EI or EA in recreational athletes.

scholarly journals Minimum Detectable Change of Visual Acuity Measurements Using ETDRS Charts (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7876
Author(s):  
María Carmen Sánchez-González ◽  
Raquel García-Oliver ◽  
José-María Sánchez-González ◽  
María-José Bautista-Llamas ◽  
José-Jesús Jiménez-Rejano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Minimum Detectable Change ◽  
The Mean

In our work, we determined the value of visual acuity (VA) with ETDRS charts (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study). The purpose of the study was to determine the measurement reliabilities, calculating the correlation coefficient interclass (ICC), the value of the error associated with the measure (SEM), and the minimal detectable change (MDC). Forty healthy subjects took part. The mean age was 23.5 ± 3.1 (19 to 26) years. Visual acuities were measured with ETDRS charts (96% ETDRS chart nº 2140) and (10% SLOAN Contrast Eye Test chart nº 2153). The measurements were made (at 4 m) under four conditions: Firstly, photopic conditions with high contrast (HC) and low contrast (LC) and after 15 min of visual rest, mesopic conditions with high and low contrast. Under photopic conditions and high contrast, the ICC = 0.866 and decreased to 0.580 when the luminosity and contrast decreased. The % MDC in the four conditions was always less than 10%. It was minor under photopic conditions and HC (5.83) and maximum in mesopic conditions and LC (9.70). Our results conclude a high reliability of the ETDRS test, which is higher in photopic and high contrast conditions and lower when the luminosity and contrast decreases.

scholarly journals Association of Time-of-Day Energy Intake Patterns with Nutrient Intakes, Diet Quality, and Insulin Resistance

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Song ◽  
Huijun Wang ◽  
Chang Su ◽  
Zhihong Wang ◽  
Feifei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Dominant Pattern

Evidence shows time-of-day of energy intake are associated with health outcomes; however, studies of time-of-day energy patterns and their health implication are still lacking in the Asian population. This study aims to examine the time-of-day energy intake pattern of Chinese adults and to examine its associations with nutrient intakes, diet quality, and insulin resistance. Dietary data from three 24-h recalls collected during the 2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were analyzed (n = 8726, aged ≥ 18 years). Time-of-day energy intake patterns were determined by latent class analysis (LCA). General Linear Models and Multilevel Mixed-effects Logistic Regression Models were applied to investigate the associations between latent time-of-day energy intake patterns, energy-adjusted nutrient intakes, diet quality score, and insulin resistance. Three time-of-day energy intake patterns were identified. Participants in the “Evening dominant pattern” were younger, had higher proportions of alcohol drinkers and current smokers. The “Evening dominant pattern” was associated with higher daily energy intake and a higher percentage of energy from fat (%) (p < 0.001), as well as higher insulin resistance risk (OR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.40), after adjusting for multivariate covariates. The highest diet quality score was observed in participants with “Noon dominant pattern” (p < 0.001). A higher proportion of energy in the later of the day was associated with insulin resistance in free-living individuals.

scholarly journals Mental Illness in Primary Care Settings

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Social Security ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Primary Care Settings

A Conference on the above topic took place at the Institute of Psychiatry, London, on 17 and 18 July 1984. The Conference was sponsored by the Department of Health and Social Security and was organized by the General Practice Research Unit. Over 100 invited clinicians, research workers and policy-makers took part. The majority of the participants were either psychiatrists or general practitioners, but representatives of all relevant disciplines attended.

Normal levels of vitamin A in tissues of the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) determined colorimetrically

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Robinson ◽  
A. M. Verrinder Gibbins ◽  
M. H. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Syrian Hamster ◽  
Cheek Pouch ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
A Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean

Vitamin A levels in tissues of 20 normal adult hamsters on a standard diet were measured colorimetrically. No significant difference between male and female animals was found for any of the tissues sampled. The mean vitamin A value for blood plasma in 20 animals was 53·4 μg/dl. Mean values for liver, kidneys, flank skin and cheek pouch were 813, 1·29, 1·84 and 1·31 mg/g wet weight, respectively. The vitamin assay was less suitable for small organs such as trachea.

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