Histidine requirement of kittens for growth, haematopoiesis and prevention of cataracts

1. The histidine requirement of growing kittens was determined from an experiment in which forty-eight kittens were randomly allocated to six amino acid-based diets supplying: 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 or 4.5 g histidine base/kg diet.2. By 48 d it was obvious that 1.0 and 1.5 g histidine/kg diet were grossly inadequate so the kittens receiving these two diets were removed from the experiment. The other four groups of kittens continued to receive their diets for a total of 128 d.3. Mean daily weight gain, nitrogen retention and food intake attained plateau values at 2.1 g histidine/kg diet.4. Blood samples taken at 25 and 48 d after kittens were given the diets showed a significant effect of dietary histidine on haemoglobin (Hb) concentration. Hb and packed cell volume (PCV) attained asymptotic values at 3.0 g histidine/kg diet at 48 d. At 128 d, kittens consuming diets containing 2.0–4.5 g histidine/kg had similar Hb and PCV values.5. Cataracts of both eyes were observed in two of nine female kittens which had received diets containing either 2.0 or 2.5 g histidine/kg.6. A concentration of 3 g histidine/kg diet is recommended as a practical guide for feeding kittens.7. There was a rectilinear relation (r2 0.99) between the logarithm of the histidine concentration of plasma and the concentrationof histidine in the diet over the range 1.5–3.0 g histidine/kg diet.

Download Full-text

Digestibility and nutrient value of palmitoyl-L-lysine derivatives in weanling rats

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y77-061 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 434-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Christian A. Stephens ◽

Margaret J. Veen-Baigent ◽

Alenka Paquet ◽

G. Harvey Anderson

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Food Intake ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Amino Acid Mixture ◽

The Other ◽

Acid Mixture ◽

Lysine Content ◽

Nutrient Value ◽

Weanling Rats

α-N,ε-N-Dipalmitoyl-L-lysine, α-N-monopalmitoyl-L-lysine, and ε-N-monopalmitoyl-L-lysine were compared with 18% casein and lysine HCl as sources of lysine in the diets of weanling rats. The lysine derivatives and lysine HCl were added to a basal diet containing 14.1% of an amino acid mixture with no lysine. Weight gain, food intake, plasma lysine, and urine and fecal lysine were determined. Animals fed the basal and lysine derivative diets lost weight over the 10-day study period. They had lower food intake, urine and plasma lysine content, and a higher fecal lysine content than animals fed the other diets. α-N-Monopalmitoyl-L-lysine was absorbed whereas the ε-N-monopalmitoyl-L-lysine and the α-N,ε-N-dipalmitoyl compounds were not.

Download Full-text

THE HISTIDINE REQUIREMENT OF THE INFANT

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.31.5.786 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 786-801

Author(s):

Selma E. Snyderman ◽

Audrey Boyer ◽

Ellen Roitman ◽

L. Emmett Holt ◽

Philip H. Prose

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Essential Amino Acid ◽

Young Infant ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Sebaceous Glands ◽

Young Infants

Histidine appears to be an essential amino acid for the young infant. Its omission from the diets of young infants gives rise to a depression of weight gain and of nitrogen retention. It also resulted in a dermatitis clinically and pathologically similar to infantile eczema, except for the absence of pruritus and atrophic changes in the sebaceous glands. Under the conditions of this study, the histidine requirement was less than 35 mg/kg/day in all six infants tested with this intake. Five infants were given a trial of 22 mg/kg/day; in three this figure was satisfactory, but in the remaining two there was some evidence of inadequacy. An intake of 16.6 mg/kg/day appeared to be adequate for one infant.

Download Full-text

In VivoEffects of Leptin-Related Synthetic Peptides on Body Weight and Food Intake in Female ob/obMice: Localization of Leptin Activity to Domains Between Amino Acid Residues 106–140*

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/endo.138.4.5087 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 138 (4) ◽

pp. 1413-1418 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Patricia Grasso ◽

Matthew C. Leinung ◽

Stacy P. Ingher ◽

Daniel W. Lee

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Food Intake ◽

Stop Codon ◽

Premature Stop Codon ◽

Amino Acid Residues ◽

Inactive Form ◽

In Vivo Effects

Abstract In C57BL/6J ob/ob mice, a single base mutation of the ob gene in codon 105 results in the replacement of arginine by a premature stop codon and production of a truncated inactive form of leptin. These observations suggest that leptin activity may be localized, at least in part, to domains distal to amino acid residue 104. To investigate this possibility, we synthesized six overlapping peptide amides corresponding to residues 106–167 of leptin, and examined their effects on body weight and food intake in female C57BL/6J ob/ob mice. When compared with vehicle-injected control mice, weight gain by mice receiving 28 daily 1-mg ip injections of LEP-(106–120), LEP-(116–130), or LEP-(126–140) was significantly (P < 0.01) reduced with no apparent toxicity. Weight gain by mice receiving LEP-(136–150), LEP-(146–160), or LEP-(156–167) was not significantly different from that of vehicle-injected control mice. The effects of LEP-(106–120), LEP-(116–130), or LEP-(126–140) were most pronounced during the first week of peptide treatment. Within 7 days, mice receiving these peptides lost 12.3%, 13.8%, and 9.8%, respectively, of their initial body weights. After 28 days, mice given vehicle alone, LEP-(136–150), LEP-(146–160), or LEP-(156–167) were 14.7%, 20.3%, 25.0%, and 24.8% heavier, respectively, than they were at the beginning of the study. Mice given LEP-(106–120) or LEP-(126–140) were only 1.8% and 4.2% heavier, respectively, whereas mice given LEP-(116–130) were 3.4% lighter. Food intake by mice receiving LEP-(106–120), LEP-(116–130), or LEP-(126–140), but not by mice receiving LEP-(136–150), LEP-(146–160), or LEP-(156–167), was reduced by 15%. The results of this study indicate 1) that leptin activity is localized, at least in part, in domains between residues 106–140; 2) that leptin-related peptides have in vivo effects similar to those of native leptin; and 3) offer hope for development of peptide analogs of leptin having potential application in human or veterinary medicine.

Download Full-text

Multibreed comparisons of British cattle. Variation in body weight, growth rate and food intake

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100041520 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 323-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

R. B. Thiessen ◽

Eva Hnizdo ◽

D. A. G. Maxwell ◽

D. Gibson ◽

C. S. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Body Weight ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Food Intake ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Daily Food Intake ◽

Daily Food ◽

Breed Selection ◽

Voluntary Food Intake

ABSTRACTA multibreed cattle experiment involving 25 British breeds was set up to study genetic variation between breeds and genetic inter-breed relationships for a wide spectrum of traits in order to examine the problems of between-breed testing and selection. The experimental design is described and results on between-breed variation are presented for four traits.All animals were housed indoors and from 12 weeks of age were given a single complete pelleted diet ad libitum through a system of Calan-Broadbent electronic gates. Females were mated to produce one purebred and three crossbred calves, which were reared to slaughter in order to measure the efficiency of the cow-calf unit of production.Results based on a total of 292 animals, with an average of 12 per breed, are presented for body weight, cumulated voluntary food intake, daily weight gain and daily food intake over the age range from 12 to 72 weeks. The 25 breed-mean curves for body weight and cumulated food intake displayed a remarkably uniform pattern of rankings at all ages and the rankings were very similar for both traits.The multibreed design used was effective in estimating between-breed variation as a proportion of total variation for the four traits examined. After approximately 1 year of age, the proportion of variation between breeds was approximately 0·70 for body weight and 0·60 for cumulated voluntary food intake. Changes in these traits could therefore be brought about more effectively by selection between breeds rather than within breeds. For average daily weight gain measured over 12-week intervals, between-breed selection was estimated to be most effective in the period of maximum growth rate between 6 and 9 months of age, when between-breed variation was 0·52 of the total. For average daily food intake, measured over 12-week intervals, between-breed selection was likely to be effective beyond 6 months of age, when the proportion of between-breed variation plateaued at 0·48.At all ages, the coefficient of genetic variation between breeds was approximately 0·14 for body weight and daily gain, and remarkably constant at approximately 0·12 for both daily and cumulated food intake. It is suggested that, for growth and intake traits, the genetic variances within and between breeds remain proportional to each other at all ages.

Download Full-text

Effect of graded levels of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Meer) crush waste on the performance, carcass yield and blood parameters of broiler chicken

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v35i1.1108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 40-47

Author(s):

A. W. Lamidi ◽

A. O. Fanimo ◽

D. Eruvbetine ◽

W. O. Biobaku

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Dietary Fibre ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

The Other ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Dietary Treatments

A 56 - day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate pineapple crush waste (PCW) as dietary fibre source in broiler diets. Five straight diets were formulated to contain the PCWat dietary levels of 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% as replacement for wheat offal. One hundred and fifty (150), day-old "Anak 2000" broiler chicks were randomly allotted to the 5 diets containing three replicates per treatment with 10 chicks per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). The final body weight, daily weight, daily feed intake and daily protein intake were generally higher in the birds fed diet 2 (2.5% PCW). There were significant (P<0.05) differences in daily feed intake and daily protein intake between the group on diet l and the other groups, while daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were statistically the same (P >0.05) across the treatments. Digestible crude fibre values significantly (P < 0.05) decreased with increasing levels of PCW in the diets while the other digestibility percentages were comparable (P >0.05) in all dietary treatments. Values for the hematological parameters and blood serum chemistry did not deviate (P >0.05) statistically from established normal values for chicken. However, liver weights significantly increased (P < 0.05) across the dietary treatments while other organs observed did not differ significantly (P >0.05) in weight across the treatments. Cost per kg feed decreased as the level of PCW inclusion in the diets increased while the cost per kg weight gain showed that birds sed on diet 4 (7.5% PCW) were the most economical to produce. The results suggest that PCW could replace wheat offal in broiler diet up to 10.0% as a dietary fibre source without any deleterious effect.

Download Full-text

Effect of Daniellia oliveri leaf meal in total mixed rations on the performance of Savannah Brown goats

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v43i1.2755 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 155-161

Author(s):

A. O. Suleiman ◽

I. C. Alemede ◽

A. Aremu ◽

O. A. Olafadehan ◽

M. A. Muftau

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Control Diet ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Nitrogen Excretion ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Leaf Meal ◽

Daniellia Oliveri

The study was carried out to determine the effect of Daniellia oliveri leaf meal (DOLM) in complete diets on feed intake, digestibility, nitrogen utilization and growth of Savannah Brown goats in a 90-day trial using the completely randomized design. Thirty-six does, with an average initial weight of 10.66 kg, were randomly divided into four groups of similar body weight (BW) and allocated to one of the four complete diets with DOLM inclusion levels at 0%, 20%, 30% and 40% respectively. Intakes of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM), and cost/kg BW gain were higher (p<0.05) in the control diet than in the treatment diets. Intake of crude protein (CP) was higher (p<0.05) for the control diet compared to the 30 and 40% DOLM diets. Feed conversion ratio and faecal nitrogen excretion of animals on 20% DOLM diet were lower (p<0.05) than other diets. Final body weight, total weight gain and average daily weight gain were not (p>0.05) affected by the diets. Digestibility of DM and CP, and nitrogen balance of animals on 0 and 20% DOLM diets were higher than those on 30 and 40% DOLM. Digestibility of OM and crude fibre was lowest (p<0.05) for the control diet relative to other diets. Nitrogen intakes (NI) of 0 and 40% DOLM diets were lower (p<0.05) compared to those of 20 and 30% DOLM diets. Nitrogen absorbed (NA) and nitrogen retention (as % of NA) were marginal (p<0.05) for 30% DOLM diet relative to other diets Nitrogen retention (as % of NI) was highest and lowest (p<0.05) for 20%DOLM diet, and 30 and 40% DOLM diets respectively. The study shows that Daniellia oliveri leaf meal can be used up to 40% inclusion level to replace 100% of maize offal in the diet of Savannah Brown goats without adversely affecting the performance of the animals.

Download Full-text

TrophAmine

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.82.3.388 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 82 (3) ◽

pp. 388-389

Author(s):

STANLEY H. ZLOTKIN

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Amino Acid Mixture ◽

Acid Mixture ◽

Acid Solutions ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Amino Acid Solutions

To the Editor.— Heird et al1 recently described the use of a new parenteral amino acid mixture for low birth weight infants which included a peptide of tyrosine (N-acetyl-l-tyrosine). They concluded that infants tolerated the new mixture well and stated that it was "more efficacious with respect to nitrogen retention and weight gain than other available mixtures." It is my contention that their results do not substantiate their claims. First, the efficiency of nitrogen retention with TrophAmine (70% retention) is not superior to older amino acid solutions.

Download Full-text

Amino Acid Profile and Aromatic Amino Acid Concentration in Total Parenteral Nutrition: Effect on Growth, Protein Metabolism and Aromatic Amino Acid Metabolism in the Neonatal Piglet

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0870075 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 75-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Linda J. Wykes ◽

James D. House ◽

Ronald O. Ball ◽

Paul B. Pencharz

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Parenteral Nutrition ◽

Human Milk ◽

Total Parenteral Nutrition ◽

Aromatic Amino Acid ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Aromatic Amino Acids ◽

The Other ◽

Constant Infusion

1. The protein and amino acid utilization of two commercially available amino acid solutions, one egg-patterned (Vamin), the other human-milk-patterned (Vaminolact), were studied in piglets receiving total parenteral nutrition. It was hypothesized that Vaminolact was deficient in total aromatic amino acids, so a third group received a human-milk-patterned amino acid solution with added phenylalanine. 2. The piglets were on total parenteral nutrition for 8 days from day 2 or 3 of life. They all received a total energy intake of 1040 kJ day−1 kg−1 with macro-nutrient intakes of 14.6g of amino acid, 27.4 g of glucose and 9.4 g of fat day−1 kg−1. 3. Nitrogen balances were performed on days 3-8 of total parenteral nutrition. On day 8 a primed constant infusion of (1-14C]-phenylalanine was given to measure phenylalanine flux and fractional conversion to tyrosine. Transamination catabolites of phenylalanine and tyrosine were measured in urine on day 7. 4. The piglets receiving Vaminolact gained significantly less weight (0.86 kg compared with 1.18 kg for Vamin and 1.20 kg for phenylalanine-supplemented Vaminolact; P < 0.02) and nitrogen (1435 mg day−1 kg−1 compared with 1601 mg and 1836 mg day−1 kg−1 for the other groups; P < 0.0001). 5. The piglets receiving Vamin had high plasma phenylalanine levels (2234 μmol/l compared with 156 μmol/l for Vaminolact and 399 μmol for phenylalanine-supplemented Vaminolact; P < 0.0001). Those receiving Vamin also had an elevated excretion of phenylalanine transamination metabolites and low plasma lysine levels. Phenylalanine flux was highest in the Vamin group, intermediate in the phenylalanine-supplemented Vaminolact group and lowest in the Vaminolact group. 6. We conclude that Vaminolact is limiting in aromatic amino acids and that the addition of phenylalanine to the level in Vamin significantly improves growth and nitrogen retention; however, increasing the phenylalanine content of total parenteral nutrition is not the most metabolically suitable way to provide aromatic amino acids in neonatal total parenteral nutrition.

Download Full-text

The tryptophan requirement of the kitten

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19830117 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 487-493 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Diane M. Hargrove ◽

Quinton R. Rogers ◽

James G. Morris

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Latin Square ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Plasma Tryptophan ◽

Tryptophan Concentration

1. To estimate the tryptophan requirement of the kitten, six male and six female kittens were presented diets containing 0·7, 0·9, 1·1, 1·3, 1·5 and 3·0 g tryptophan/kg diet for six experimental periods lasting 10 d in accordance with a 6 × 6 balanced Latin-square design.2. Mean daily weight gain and nitrogen retention (N intake minus urinary and faecal N) plateaued at 1·1 g tryptophan/kg diet indicating that the minimal tryptophan requirement of the kitten was 1·1 g/kg diet.3. Plasma tryptophan concentration exhibited a marked increase at dietary tryptophan concentrations above 1·3 g/kg diet.

Download Full-text