scholarly journals Hypolipidaemic, gastrointestinal and related responses of broiler chickens to chitosans of different viscosity

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Razdan ◽  
D. Pettersson
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Total Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Fat Digestibility

Broiler chickens (1-d-old) were fed ad libitum on a control diet based on maize and maize starch or diets containing low-, medium- or high-viscosity chitosans at an inclusion level of 15 g/kg. Body weights and feed intakes of chickens given chitosan-containing diets were generally depressed in comparison with those of control-fed animals on days 11 and 18 of the experiment. On days 12 and 19, feeding the low-viscosity-chitosan diet reduced plasma triacylglycerol and total plasma cholesterol concentrations in relation to chickens receiving the control diet, while the medium- and high-viscosity-chitosan-containing diets reduced total plasma cholesterol and elevated, although not significantly, plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations compared with those of control-fed animals. Chitosan feeding generally improved plasma HDL-cholesterol: total cholesterol ratio in comparison with control feeding, which was attributed to the general reductions in plasma cholesterol concentrations rather than increases in plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Feeding the high-viscosity-chitosan-containing diet significantly reduced the ileal digestibility of crude protein (N x 6·25) and crude fat compared with chickens given the control diet. The reduction in ileal crude fat digestibility was greatest among chickens receiving the high-viscosity-chitosan-containing diet and chitosan-containing diets reduced ileal fat digestibility by 8% on average compared with that of control-fed birds. However, increasing the viscosity of the chitosan fraction could not be correlated with increases in terminal ileal digesta viscosity and, therefore, it could not be established that increased ileal lumen viscosity alone contributed to reductions in body weight, feed intake and plasma cholesterol concentrations. However, the fact that ileal digestibility of fat was reduced by feeding chitosan to chickens suggests the action of other hypolipidaemic mechanisms

scholarly journals Red algal cellular biomass lowers circulating cholesterol concentrations in Syrian golden hamsters consuming hypercholesterolaemic diets

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 842-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott V. Harding ◽  
Hai Lin Zhao ◽  
Christopher P. F. Marinangeli ◽  
Anthony G. Day ◽  
Harrison F. Dillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Total Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Red Algal

Preliminary evidence suggests that consumption ofPorphyridium cruentum(PC) biomass results in hypocholesterolaemic effects; however, mechanisms responsible have not been elucidated. The aim of the present study was to determine whether PC biomass lowers circulating cholesterol concentrations, dose dependently, in hamsters fed hypercholesterolaemic diets for 28 d and determine whether cholesterol biosynthesis is affected. Biomass added to diets at 2·5, 5 and 10 % resulted in 14, 38 and 53 % reductions (P < 0·001) in total plasma cholesterol, respectively, compared with a control diet. Similarly, non-HDL-cholesterol concentrations in the 5 and 10 % PC groups were reduced (P < 0·001) 28 and 45 %, respectively,v.controls. These effects were unrelated to cholesterol fractional synthesis rate (FSR), as this did not differ between either treatment or control animals. PC consumption had no effect on food intake, plasma glucose concentrations or energy expenditure, but percentage of body fat was lower (P < 0·001) in the 5 and 10 % PC groups compared with controls. These data show that PC reduces total plasma cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol when incorporated into the diet at levels as low as 2·5 %. The mechanism of action for this reduction may be related to increased excretion since food intakes and cholesterol FSR were not reduced in the animals receiving the PC. In conclusion, the use of PC biomass reduces circulating cholesterol, dose dependently, in hypercholesterolaemic hamsters but not via reductions in cholesterol FSR. There is potential for the use of this biomass as a functional ingredient to aid in the management of blood cholesterol concentrations.

scholarly journals The effect of daily consumption of coconut fat and soya-bean fat on plasma lipids and lipoproteins of young normolipidaemic men

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanthi Mendis ◽  
Ravi Kumarasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol Level ◽  
Total Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
High Intake

The present paper reports the influence on plasma lipids of isoenergetic diets containing 30 YO of energy as fat, with a polyunsaturated: saturated fat ratio of 4.00 or 0.25, consumed for 8 weeks by twenty-five young normolipidaemic males. Approximately 70 % of the fat energy was provided by the test fats: soya-bean fat and coconut fat. During the soya-bean-fat-eating period the total plasma cholesterol level fell significantly compared with baseline values (P< 0.001) and during the coconut-fat-eating phase total plasma cholesterol level increased significantly compared with the soya-bean-eating period (P< 0001).On the soya-bean-fat diet, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol decreased by 15 YO (range 6–35 YO) and plasma triacylglycerols decreased by 25 YO (range 13–37 YO). Results of the present study show that even when the proportion of total fat in the diet is low, a high intake of linoleic acid lowers both total plasma cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, while a high intake of saturated fat elevates both these lipid fractions. Application of regression formulas to the present findings indicates that short-chain saturated fatty acids have a neutral effect on serum cholesterol

scholarly journals Changes in lipoprotein lipase activity and plasma liver lipids in thiram intoxicated rats.

1993 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Sadurska ◽  
B Boguszewski
Keyword(s):  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Total Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase Activity ◽  
Liver Lipids

Acute thiram (tetramethyl-bis-thiocarbamyl disulphide) poisoning of rat (a single dose of 50% LD50) caused decreased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in adipose tissue, the greatest inhibition being observed at 72 h after administration of the pesticide. Simultaneously, the levels of total plasma cholesterol, triacylglycerols and the high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were increased. On repeated pesticide administration (5% LD50) decreased LPL activity was observed after 14 and 30 days of poisoning, whereas after 90 days the LPL activity was distinctly increased. The levels of total cholesterol (in all periods of poisoning) and HDL cholesterol (only after 30 days of poisoning) became increased. These changes were accompanied by decreased content of free fatty acids and increase of hepatic triacylglycerols. The changes observed in the lipoprotein lipase activity of thiram-poisoned rats correspond to the profiles of plasma lipoproteins typical of thyroid hypofunction.

scholarly journals Pleiotropic Effects of Atorvastatin Result in a Downregulation of the Carboxypeptidase U System (CPU, TAFIa, CPB2) in a Mouse Model of Advanced Atherosclerosis

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1731
Author(s):  
Karen Claesen ◽  
Lynn Roth ◽  
Joachim C. Mertens ◽  
Karlijn Hermans ◽  
Yani Sim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect ◽  
Heterozygous Mutation ◽  
Total Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Atorvastatin Group ◽  
Reductase Inhibitors ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Fibrillin 1

Statins (hydroxymethyl-glutaryl-CoA-reductase inhibitors) lower procarboxypeptidase U (proCPU, TAFI, proCPB2). However, it is challenging to prove whether this is a lipid or non-lipid-related pleiotropic effect, since statin treatment decreases cholesterol levels in humans. In apolipoprotein E-deficient mice with a heterozygous mutation in the fibrillin-1 gene (ApoE−/−Fbn1C1039G+/−), a model of advanced atherosclerosis, statins do not lower cholesterol. Consequently, studying cholesterol-independent effects of statins can be achieved more straightforwardly in these mice. Female ApoE −/−Fbn1C1039G+/− mice were fed a Western diet (WD). At week 10 of WD, mice were divided into a WD group (receiving WD only) and a WD + atorvastatin group (receiving 10 mg/kg/day atorvastatin +WD) group. After 15 weeks, blood was collected from the retro-orbital plexus, and the mice were sacrificed. Total plasma cholesterol and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured with commercially available kits. Plasma proCPU levels were determined with an activity-based assay. Total plasma cholesterol levels were not significantly different between both groups, while proCPU levels were significantly lower in the WD + atorvastatin group. Interestingly proCPU levels correlated with CRP and circulating monocytes. In conclusion, our results confirm that atorvastatin downregulates proCPU levels in ApoE−/−Fbn1C1039G+/− mice on a WD, and evidence was provided that this downregulation is a pleiotropic effect of atorvastatin treatment.

scholarly journals Development of Lipid and Glycide Abnormalities in Genetically Hypertensive Obese Koletsky Rats and in Their Lean Siblings

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-166
Author(s):  
Věroslav Golda ◽  
Jiřina Hilgertová
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Lipid Abnormalities ◽  
Genetically Hypertensive

Experiments were performed in the genetically hypertensive Koletsky rats and in their lean siblings at the age of two and three months. In the study of development of glycide and lipid abnormalities animal represents control for itself. At the age of two months Koletsky obese rats show relative to their lean controls elevation of plasma triglycerides (males +184%, females +152%) and insulin (males +169%, females +201%). During one month plasma triglycerides elevated in lean males +9%, in lean females 0%, but in obese males +21%, in obese females +139%.Considering insulinemia similar results were obtained. Thus during one month insulin elevates in lean males +19%, in lean females +23%, but in obese males +80%, in obese females +144%. During one month glucose intolerance is elevated as well only in obese rats. Total plasma cholesterol during period of one month shows no changes in both substrains of rats.Similar picture can be found in basal glycemia.In all groups of rats no changes were registered except one, i.e., obese females show decrease.Considering the substrain differences in basal glycemia then at age of one as well as two months obese of both sexes show elevation. As to the body weight at the age of two as well as three months there is increase in obese rats. The changes of body weight during one month are expressively higher in obese rats.

scholarly journals Effect of chitin and chitosan on nutrient digestibility and plasma lipid concentrations in broiler chickens

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Razdan ◽  
D. Pettersson
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Plasma Triacylglycerol

Broiler chickens were fed on a control diet based on maize and maize starch or diets containing chitin, or 94, 82 or 76% deacetylated chitin (chitosans) with different viscosities (360, 590 and 620 m Pa.s respectively) at an inclusion level of 30 g/kg. Animals had free access to feed and water for the whole experimental period. On days 10 and 18 of the experiment chickens given the control and chitin-containing diets weighed more, had consumed more feed and had lower feed conversion ratios (g feed/g weight gain) than chitosan-fed birds. Feeding of chitosan-containing diets generally reduced total plasma cholesterol and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations and gave an increased HDL:total cholesterol ratio in comparison with chickens given the control and chitin-containing diets. However, no significant reductions in plasma triacylglycerol concentrations resulting from feeding of the chitosan-containing diets were observed. The reduction in total cholesterol concentration and increased HDL: total cholesterol ratio were probably caused by enhanced reverse cholesterol transport in response to intestinal losses of dietary fats. The suggestion that dietary fat absorption was impeded by the chitosans was strengthened by the observation that ileal fat digestibility was reduced by 26% in comparison with control and chitin-fed animals. In a plasma triacylglycerol response study on day 21, feeding of 94 and 76%-chitosan-containing diets generally reduced postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations compared with chickens given the chitin-containing diet. Duodenal digestibilities of nutrients amongst chickens given the chitin-containing diet were generally lower than those of control and chitosan-fed birds indicating decreased intestinal transit time. The reduced caecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations of chickens given chitosan diets compared with the control diet illustrates the antimicrobial nature of chitosan. The fact that the three chitosan-containing diets affected the registered variables similarly indicated that the level of inclusion of chitosans in the diet exceeded the level at which the effect of the different viscosities could be significant.

Cholesterol feeding exacerbates myocardial injury in Zucker diabetic fatty rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (1) ◽  
pp. H256-H262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiro Hoshida ◽  
Nobushige Yamashita ◽  
Kinya Otsu ◽  
Tsunehiko Kuzuya ◽  
Masatsugu Hori
Keyword(s):  
Infarct Size ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Coronary Occlusion ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Total Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Cholesterol Feeding ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Zdf Rats

We measured infarct size after coronary occlusion (30 min) and reperfusion (24 h) in genetic non-insulin-dependent Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats with and without 4-wk cholesterol feeding. Infarct size was similar in ZDF rats and lean control rats but was significantly larger in cholesterol-fed diabetic rats than in cholesterol-fed lean rats ( P < 0.05). Plasma levels of glucose, insulin, and triglycerides were significantly higher in diabetic rats and were not influenced by cholesterol feeding. The increase in total plasma cholesterol induced by cholesterol feeding was significantly greater in diabetic rats than in lean rats ( P < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between total plasma cholesterol and infarct size ( P < 0.05). Myeloperoxidase activity, as an index of neutrophil accumulation, was significantly higher and expression of P-selectin was more marked in the ischemic myocardium of cholesterol-fed diabetic rats than of cholesterol-fed lean rats. Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) of aortic rings was markedly impaired in cholesterol-fed diabetic rats. Thus cholesterol feeding significantly exacerbated myocardial injury produced by coronary occlusion-reperfusion in non-insulin-dependent diabetic rats, possibly because of enhanced expression of P-selectin and impairment of EDR in the coronary bed.

scholarly journals Effect of Extrusion on Nutrients Digestibility, Metabolizable Energy and Nutritional Value of Yellow Lupine Seeds for Broiler Chickens

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Rutkowski ◽  
Sebastian A. Kaczmarek ◽  
Marcin Hejdysz ◽  
Dorota Jamroz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Yellow Lupine ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Fat Digestibility

Abstract The aim of investigations was the estimation of nutritional value of currently cultivated yellow lupine cultivars in raw and extruded form, and their usefulness for broiler chickens. Two experiments were conducted with male Ross 308 chickens. In a digestibility trial 60 fifteen-day-old birds were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments (20 replications in each). Birds were kept in individual pens. Digestibility was calculated using the difference method. From day 16 to 21, diets contained lupine meal in raw or extruded form and the basal diet in the ratio 20:80. Subsequently, the total digestibility of dry matter and crude fat, also apparent nitrogen retention and AMEN value of lupine seeds were determined on chickens fed different forms of lupine. The ileal digestibility of crude protein and amino acids of lupine seeds was also analyzed. In the second experiment the one-day-old birds were randomly assigned to ten dietary treatments (10 replications in each) and were fed diets with increasing amounts of raw or extruded lupine from 10 to 30%. The chickens in control treatments were fed a diet without lupine. Extruded yellow lupine meal was characterized by lower phytic P content in comparison to raw yellow lupine meal. The content of remaining ingredients and antinutritional substances was similar. Yellow lupine seeds post extrusion were characterized by better total crude fat digestibility, nitrogen retention and AMEN values, compared to raw seeds. Higher ileal digestibility was confirmed in numerous amino acids, except lysine, threonine and valine (P≤0.05). By feeding the broilers with diets consisting of 10 to 30% of lupine seeds post extrusion (experiment II), improved apparent fat digestibility, apparent nitrogen retention and AMEN values were achieved in young chickens (P<0.01). Using 10 and 20% of lupine in the diets showed significant positive effects of extrusion on body weight gains, feed intake and feed conversion rate. The performance indices of chickens were drastically decreased by use of 25% ratio of both raw and extruded yellow lupine in the diet. This effect was heightened by a 30% share in feed mixtures.

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