scholarly journals Use of biomarkers of sub-clinical infection, nutrition and neonatal maturity to interpret plasma retinol in Nigerian neonates

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delana A. Adelekan ◽  
Christine A. Northrop-Clewes ◽  
Joshua A. Owa ◽  
Adesola O. Oyedeji ◽  
Adedayo A. Owoeye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Plasma Retinol

Using the World Health Organization criterion, the prevalence of sub-clinical vitamin A deficiency can be assessed using plasma retinol concentrations <0·7 μmol/l. However, plasma retinol can be depressed by infection; thus, the use of this criterion alone may overestimate deficiency. In the present study, we investigated the usefulness of the acute-phase proteins (APP) α1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), plasma carotenoids and anthropometric and gestational indices to interpret plasma retinol in the blood of 192 apparently healthy Nigerian neonates collected randomly during days 1–20 postpartum. The mean weight (2·64 kg) and length (0·458 m) of the neonates and plasma concentrations (geometric mean, μmol/l) of retinol (0·54), α-carotene (0·072), ß-carotene (0·076) and lutein (0·080) were low. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was 72 %, indicating a severe public health problem. Babies who were of low birth weight (P<0·003) or premature and low birth weight (P<0·023) had significantly lower retinol concentrations than full-term normal weight babies. Thirty-two neonates had abnormal ACT and forty-four abnormal AGP concentrations. Positive correlations between retinol and ACT (r0·186,P=0·05) and AGP (r0·31,P=0·0001) during days 1–5 may be due to the increasing plasma retinol from maternal milk and a coincidental increasing capacity to synthesise APP. Subsequently, negative correlations between retinol and ACT (r−0·28,P=0·02) and AGP (r−0·29,P=0·018) from day 6 onwards reflected the continuing increase in plasma retinol, but no further increase in the APP. Overall, weight, ACT, lutein and age explained 30 % of the variance in retinol, but lutein was the most significant (r20·18,P<0·0001). Hence, the distribution of plasma retinol concentrations in this group of neonates was more strongly linked with nutrition (via the surrogate marker lutein) than infection.

scholarly journals High-Dose Neonatal Vitamin A Supplementation to Bangladeshi Infants Increases the Percentage of CCR9-Positive Treg Cells in Infants with Lower Birthweight in Early Infancy, and Decreases Plasma sCD14 Concentration and the Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency at Two Years of Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (11) ◽  
pp. 3005-3012
Author(s):  
Shaikh M Ahmad ◽  
M Nazmul Huda ◽  
Rubhana Raqib ◽  
Firdausi Qadri ◽  
Md Jahangir Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Gut Development ◽  
Plasma Retinol

ABSTRACT Background Vitamin A (VA) stores are low in early infancy and may impair development of the immune system. Objective This study determined if neonatal VA supplementation (VAS) affects the following: 1) development of regulatory T (Treg) cells; 2) chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) expression, which directs mucosal targeting of immune cells; and 3) systemic endotoxin exposure as indicated by changed plasma concentrations of soluble CD14 (sCD14). Secondarily, VA status, growth, and systemic inflammation were investigated. Methods In total, 306 Bangladeshi infants were randomly assigned to receive 50,000 IU VA or placebo (PL) within 48 h of birth, and immune function was assessed at 6 wk, 15 wk, and 2 y. Primary outcomes included the following: 1) peripheral blood Treg cells; 2) percentage of Treg, T, and B cells expressing CCR9; and 3) plasma sCD14. Secondary outcomes included the following: 4) VA status measured using the modified relative dose-response (MRDR) test and plasma retinol; 5) infant growth; and 6) plasma C-reactive protein (CRP). Statistical analysis identified group differences and interactions with sex and birthweight. Results VAS increased (P = 0.004) the percentage of CCR9+ Treg cells (13.2 ± 1.37%) relative to PL (9.17 ± 1.15%) in children below the median birthweight but had the opposite effect (P = 0.04) in those with higher birthweight (VA, 9.13 ± 0.89; PL, 12.1 ± 1.31%) at 6 and 15 wk (values are combined mean ± SE). VAS decreased (P = 0.003) plasma sCD14 (1.56 ± 0.025 mg/L) relative to PL (1.67 ± 0.032 mg/L) and decreased (P = 0.034) the prevalence of VA deficiency (2.3%) relative to PL (9.2%) at 2 y. Conclusions Neonatal VAS enhanced mucosal targeting of Treg cells in low-birthweight infants. The decreased systemic exposure to endotoxin and improved VA status at 2 y may have been due to VA-mediated improvements in gut development resulting in improved barrier function and nutrient absorption. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01583972 and NCT02027610.

Vitamin a Deficiency and Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (07) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Verma ◽  
Kristine McCulloch ◽  
Leslie Worrell ◽  
Dharmapuri Vidyasagar
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants

Effect of stop smoking during the first trimester on Low birth weight: A MCBR Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
O Kharkova ◽  
J Odland
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
World Health ◽  
Antenatal Visit ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Term Baby

Abstract Background Tobacco smoking is a public health problem. Even though this habit is less common among women than men in Russia, it appears to be on the increase among women aged ≥15 years. Smoking during pregnancy leads to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Compared to the number of studies on maternal smoking and birth weight, the influence of stop smoking on low birth weight is not well documented. The aim of the study was to assess an effect of quitting smoking during the first trimester on low birth weight. Methods The study is based on the Murmansk County Birth registry. Women who delivered a singleton pregnancy after 37 weeks of gestation were comprised to the study (N = 44,486). Smoking information was assessed at the first antenatal visit during pregnancy and self-reported and. Low birth weight was defined in according to the World Health Organization as Mean value minus 2 standard deviations for girls and boys separately. Using logistic regressions, we adjusted for maternal age, residence, ethnicity, education, marital status, alcohol abuse, year of delivery, body mass index, pregnancy diabetes, gestational age, and excessive weight gain. Results The prevalence of low birth weight was 1.1%. This adverse birth outcome was more prevalent in women who smoked during pregnancy (2.5%) in compared to those who stopped do it during pregnancy (0.8%) or did not smoke before and during pregnancy (0.9%) (p &lt; 0.001). Compared to non-smokers, quitting smoking during the first trimester had no significant impact on the low birth weight, even after adjustment for confounders (ORcrude = 0.97 with 95%CI 0.64-1.47 and ORadj = 0.89 with 95%CI 0.58-1.36). Conclusions We observed that women who stop smoking during the first trimester are at no greater risk of having a term baby with low birth weight. Our findings underline a continued need for actions against smoking during pregnancy. Key messages Women who stop smoking during the first trimester are at no greater risk of having a term baby with low birth weight. Our findings underline a continued need for actions against smoking during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Spatial Patterns Associating Low Birth Weight with Environmental and Behavioral Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Donal Donal ◽  
Hartono Hartono ◽  
Mohammad Hakimi ◽  
Ova Emilia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Spatial Pattern Analysis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The World

Low birth weight (LBW) is a significant public health problem in the world. It was estimated globally by the World Health Organization (WHO) that prevalence of LBW was 15% of all births. In Murung Raya district LBW cases remain high. This paper aimed to identify and discuss the relationship between environmental risk factors with LBW in Murung Raya.A spatial analysis was conducted with 150 women as the total participantswho were recruited through the incidence data in 2013-2014. The questionnaires, medical records, and geographic data were measured by Stata software, ArcGis, SatScan, and Geoda. The study results indicated there was significant correlation between health behavior and environmental variables with the strength of external neighborhood effect across LBW risk factors. More intense clustering of high values (hot spots) was found through the spatial analysis showing that most of the cases were located near the defined buffer zone. This research demonstrates that the spatial pattern analysis provided greater statistical power to detect an effect that was not apparent in the previous epidemiology studies.

scholarly journals Status of Retinoids and Carotenoids and Associations with Clinical Outcomes in Maternal-Infant Pairs in Nigeria

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrine Hanson ◽  
Elizabeth Lyden ◽  
Ann Anderson-Berry ◽  
Nicholas Kocmich ◽  
Amy Rezac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Nigerian Women ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Impact

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient in pregnancy, and other carotenoids have been independently associated with maternal-infant outcomes. The objective of this study was to quantify the status of vitamin A and carotenoids in Nigerian maternal-infant pairs at delivery, compare these to a cohort from a developed nation, and determine the impact on clinical outcomes. Maternal and cord blood samples were collected in 99 Nigerian mother-infant pairs. Concentrations of lutein + zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, α- and β-carotenes, and retinol were measured using HPLC. Descriptive statistics were calculated and Spearman coefficients were used to assess correlations between maternal and cord measurements; Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare median plasma values between dichotomous variables. Linear regression models were used to adjust for relevant confounders. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Thirty-five percent of mothers had plasma retinol concentrations ≤0.70 µmol/L; 82% of infants had plasma retinol concentrations ≤0.70 µmol/L at delivery. Maternal and infant concentrations of vitamin A compounds were highly correlated and were associated with newborn growth and Apgar scores. Despite plasma concentrations of pro-vitamin A carotenoids higher than those reported in other populations, pregnant Nigerian women have a high prevalence of vitamin A deficiency. As vitamin A related compounds are modifiable by diet, future research determining the clinical impact of these compounds is warranted.

Vitamin A Treatment of Measles

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1014-1015
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bulbar Conjunctiva ◽  
Cell Integrity ◽  
The World

In spite of the availability of effective vaccines, measles continues to be a public health problem throughout the world. In 1990, the Centers for Disease Control received more than 27 672 reports of measles in the United States. Complications were reported in one third of infected children younger than 5 years of age.1 Of the 89 measles-related deaths in 1990, 55% occurred in children younger than 5 years old. Several recent investigations have indicated that vitamin A treatment of children with measles in developing countries has been associated with reductions in morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) issued a joint statement recommending that vitamin A be administered to all children diagnosed with measles in communities where vitamin A deficiency (serum vitamin A &lt;10 µg/dL) is a recognized problem and where mortality related to measles is ≥1%. The recommended regimen is 100 000 IU by mouth at the time of diagnosis for infants younger than 12 months of age, and 200 000 IU for older children. In the presence of ophthalmologic signs of vitamin A deficiency, such as night blindness, Bitot's spots (grayish white deposits on the bulbar conjunctiva adjacent to the cornea) or xerophthalmia, the WHO recommends the dose be repeated in 24 hours and again 4 weeks later.2 Vitamin A is available in low-cost liquid formulations and is supplemented in infant formulas (2000 µ/L). RATIONALE FOR VITAMIN A Vitamin A is a necessary substrate for preserving epithelial cell integrity and in addition plays a role in immune modulation.1-3

scholarly journals SNP rs6564851 in the BCO1 Gene Is Associated with Varying Provitamin a Plasma Concentrations but Not with Retinol Concentrations among Adolescents from Rural Ghana

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1786
Author(s):  
Sophie Graßmann ◽  
Olga Pivovarova-Ramich ◽  
Andrea Henze ◽  
Jens Raila ◽  
Yaw Ampem Amoako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Rural Ghana ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Plasma Retinol

In sub-Saharan Africa, vitamin A deficiency constitutes a severe health problem despite various supplementation and food fortification programs. Given that the intake of preformed vitamin A from animal products remains low in these countries, an efficient metabolization of plant-based provitamin A carotenoids is essential. Previously, adolescents in rural Ghana have shown high total plasma carotenoid concentrations, while 36% had a vitamin A deficiency (defined as plasma retinol < 0.7 µmol/L). Hence, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify the relationships between variants in the β-carotene 15,15’-oxygenase (BCO1) gene and plasma carotenoid concentrations among 189 15-year-old girls and boys in rural Ghana. BCO1 rs6564851, rs7500996, rs10048138 and PKD1L2 rs6420424, and rs8044334 were typed, and carotenoid concentrations were compared among the different genotypes. G allele carriers of rs6564851 (53%) showed higher plasma carotenoid concentrations than T allele carriers (median (interquartile range): 3.07 (2.17–4.02) vs. 2.59 (2.21–3.50) µmol/L, p-value = 0.0424). This was not explained by differences in socio-demographic or dietary factors. In contrast, no differences in plasma retinol concentrations were observed between these genotypes. Pending verification in independent populations, the low conversion efficiency of provitamin A carotenoids among rs6564851 G allele carriers may undermine existing fortification and supplementation programs to improve the vitamin A status in sub-Saharan Africa.

Blood Micronutrients in Algeria, Relationships with Sex and Age

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brahim Lachili ◽  
Henri Faure ◽  
Josiane Arnaud ◽  
Marie-Jeanne Richard ◽  
Cherifa Benlatreche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Group I

Despite trace elements and vitamins are major public health problems in some African countries, there are few studies reporting micronutrient status in North Africa. Therefore, it could be interesting to evaluate plasma concentrations of vitamin A, E and beta-carotene, along with zinc, copper, selenium erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in Algeria. Volunteers were randomly recruited in Constantine, Batna and Mila. Vitamins, trace elements and enzymes were measured in the University Hospital of Grenoble. 455 persons were included in the study. Subjects were divided in 3 groups: group I: 15 girls and 12 boys who were 6 to 12.9 years old, group II: 190 women and 192 men 13 to 49.9 years old, group III: 24 women and 24 men 50 to 65 years old. Plasma concentrations of micronutrients and enzymes are close to those commonly observed in Europe, except for vitamin A concentrations. Indeed, retinol levels are 30–35% lower than those reported in European countries, moreover almost 8% of the population showed retinol concentrations less than 1.05 mumol/l. Beta-Carotene levels were also lower than in the French average population. Ten per cent of the population had plasma zinc levels lower than 10.6 mumol/l. Vitamin E, copper and selenium status seems satisfactory in Algeria. Vitamin A is not a public health problem, however a significant percentage of residents exhibits impaired vitamin A levels and may benefit from retinol supplementation. Larger studies are needed, and particularly in children, to detect possible higher prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in poor socio-economical classes and in inner geographic areas.

scholarly journals Spatial Patterns Associating Low Birth Weight with Environmental and Behavioral Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Donal Donal ◽  
Hartono Hartono ◽  
Mohammad Hakimi ◽  
Ova Emilia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Spatial Pattern Analysis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The World

<span lang="EN-US">Low birth weight (LBW) is a significant public health problem in the world. It was estimated globally by the World Health Organization (WHO) that prevalence of LBW was 15% of all births. In Murung Raya district LBW cases remain high. This paper aimed to identify and discuss the relationship between environmental risk factors with LBW in Murung Raya.A spatial analysis was conducted with 150 women as the total participantswho were recruited through the incidence data in 2013-2014. The questionnaires, medical records, and geographic data were measured by Stata software, ArcGis, SatScan, and Geoda. The study results indicated there was significant correlation between health behavior and environmental variables with the strength of external neighborhood effect across LBW risk factors. </span><span lang="EN-US">More intense clustering of high values (hot spots) was found through the spatial analysis showing that most of the cases were located near the defined buffer zone. This research demonstrates that the spatial pattern analysis provided greater statistical power to detect an effect that was not apparent in the previous epidemiology studies.</span>

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