scholarly journals High tea consumption diminishes salivary 17β-estradiol concentration in Polish women

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 989-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kapiszewska ◽  
Malgorzata Miskiewicz ◽  
Peter T. Ellison ◽  
Inger Thune ◽  
Grazyna Jasienska
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Urban Group ◽  
17Β Estradiol

We hypothesized that among reproductive-age women consuming large quantities of tea, the production of estradiol would be suppressed. It has been shown that catechins and theaflavines, the major constituents of tea, inhibit aromatase, an enzyme which catalyses the conversion of androgens to oestrogens. Our study included Polish women living in urban (n 61) and rural (n 48) areas. Women collected daily saliva samples for one complete menstrual cycle and filled out dietary questionnaires. Saliva samples were analysed by RIA for concentration of 17β-estradiol (E2). Women with high (above the median) average daily consumption of black tea had reduced levels of salivary E2 in comparison with women who drank less black tea (below the median). This effect was observed within the whole study group, as well as separately within urban (P=0·0006) and rural (P=0·013) groups. High intake of the sum of subclasses of tea catechins and epigallocatechin gallate, assessed using the United States Department of Agriculture database (http://www.nal.usda.gov), was also associated with lower concentrations of E2 within all women (P=0·01 and P=0·0001, respectively) and within the urban group (P=0·0001 and P0·004, respectively). Similar relationships were observed between the sum of subclasses of theaflavines and thearubigines and E2 levels for the whole group (P=0·002) and for urban women (P=0·02). Women with high consumption of tea had lower levels of E2 concentration throughout the entire menstrual cycle. These results may have implications for reducing hormone-related cancer risk by a relatively easy dietary intervention.

scholarly journals Whole and fractionated yellow pea flours reduce fasting insulin and insulin resistance in hypercholesterolaemic and overweight human subjects

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. F. Marinangeli ◽  
Peter J. H. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
White Wheat ◽  
Pea Flour

The objective of the present study was to compare whole pea flour (WPF) to fractionated pea flour (FPF; hulls only) for their ability to reduce risk factors associated with CVD and diabetes in overweight hypercholesterolaemic individuals. Using a cross-over design, twenty-three hypercholesterolaemic overweight men and women received two-treatment muffins/d containing WPF, FPF or white wheat flour (WF) for 28 d, followed by 28 d washout periods. Daily doses of WPF and FPF complied with the United States Department of Agriculture's recommended level of intake of half a cup of pulses/d (approximately 50 g/d). Dietary energy requirements were calculated for each study subject, and volunteers were only permitted to eat food supplied by the study personnel. Fasting insulin, body composition, urinary enterolactone levels, postprandial glucose response, as well as fasting lipid and glucose concentrations, were assessed at the beginning and at the end of each treatment. Insulin concentrations for WPF (37·8 (sem3·4) pmol/ml,P = 0·021) and FPF (40·5 (sem3·4) pmol/ml,P = 0·037) were lower compared with WF (50·7 (sem3·4) pmol/ml). Insulin homeostasis modelling assessment showed that consumption of WPF and FPF decreased (P < 0·05) estimates of insulin resistance (IR) compared with WF. Android:gynoid fat ratios in women participants were lower (P = 0·027) in the WPF (1·01 (sem0·01) group compared with the WF group (1·06 (sem0·01). Urinary enterolactone levels tended to be higher (P = 0·087) in WPF compared with WF. Neither treatment altered circulating fasting lipids or glucose concentrations. In conclusion, under a controlled diet paradigm, a daily consumption of whole and fractionated yellow pea flours at doses equivalent to half a cup of yellow peas/d reduced IR, while WPF reduced android adiposity in women.

scholarly journals Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Perceived as Healthier Than Soda Among Young Adults and Groups at Risk for Misperceptions (P04-186-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Roberts ◽  
Sarah Solar ◽  
Jennifer Falbe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
P Values ◽  
Sports Drinks ◽  
Increase Risk

Abstract Objectives To reduce sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption, public health campaigns have focused on soda. However, intake of other SSBs has increased, perhaps due to perceptions that they are healthier. Thus, we sought to examine differences in health perceptions between soda and four types of SSBs among young adults and determine if socioeconomic characteristics were associated with perceptions. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 1339 undergraduate students from three universities participated in an online survey in August-November of 2018. Items used 7-point Likert scales to assess 1) perceived healthfulness of daily consumption of soda, sweetened tea, Vitamin Water, fruit-flavored drinks and sports drinks and 2) agreement or disagreement that these beverages increase risk of diabetes. Surveys also assessed demographic characteristics and food insecurity as a proxy for socioeconomic status. Analyses used Chi-square tests with dichotomized outcomes and linear regression models adjusting for race/ethnicity, university, gender and age. Results Students were more likely to perceive daily consumption of fruit-flavored drinks, sweetened tea, sports drinks, and Vitamin Water as healthy compared to soda (9%, 5%, 6%, and 14% vs. 2%, respectively, all P-values < 0.05) and were less likely to agree that these SSBs increase risk of diabetes compared to soda (67%, 67%, 61%, and 46% vs. 95%, respectively, all P-values < 0.001). Food insecure students rated all SSBs (except Vitamin Water) as healthier than did food secure students (P-values < 0.05). Food insecure students were also less likely than food secure students to agree that soda and Vitamin Water increase risk for diabetes (P-values < 0.05). Conclusions To reduce SSB consumption, public health policies and programs should focus on all types of SSBs, not just soda. Policies like SSB warning labels, which apply to all SSBs, may help correct misperceptions of SSB healthfulness and potentially reduce health disparities. Funding Sources Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Diabetes And Digestive And Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health and the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH or USDA.

scholarly journals Antioxidants Such as Flavonoids and Carotenoids in the Diet of Bogor, Indonesia Residents

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Nuri Andarwulan ◽  
Niken Cahyarani Puspita ◽  
Saraswati ◽  
Dominika Średnicka-Tober
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Indonesian Population ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Food Consumption Data ◽  
Flavonoid Intake ◽  
Β Carotene

Due to the strong antioxidant activity of flavonoids and carotenoids, daily consumption of these bioactive compounds has the potential for reducing the risk of many chronic and degenerative diseases caused by or contributed to by oxidative stress. Currently, the available research results related to the flavonoid and carotenoid intake in Asian countries are very limited, especially for Indonesian population. The present study was conducted in Bogor City and Bogor District, West Java, Indonesia. Food consumption data was obtained through the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) method, involving 200 respondents aged 25–65 years old. Flavonoids and carotenoids contents of the consumed food items were determined by referring to the databases developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), scientific journals, and calculation based on the recipes recorded in the survey. The total flavonoid intake of Bogor adults was estimated as 149.5 mg/day, consisting of 49.4% isoflavones, 24.0% flavonols, 9.4% flavanones, 7.0% flavan-3-ols, 6.0% flavones, and 4.2% anthocyanidins, and was contributed to mainly by legumes (70.7%), vegetables (10.1%), and fruits (7.3%). At the same time, the estimated total carotenoid intake reached 7.6 mg/day, and was contributed to mainly by vegetables (53.9%), fruits (20.2%), and snacks (14.4%), with β-carotene consumed in the highest proportion (49.9%), followed by lycopene (19.9%), lutein and zeaxanthin (13.5%), α-carotene (6.9%), and β-cryptoxanthin (2.6%). The effects of different respondents’ characteristics, such as area of residence (city vs. district), gender (male vs. female), and age (25–40, 41–55, and 56–65 years old) on the flavonoid and carotenoid intake varied widely, due to the differences in the overall consumption patterns of the respective respondents’ groups.

scholarly journals A Focused Review of Smartphone Diet-Tracking Apps: Usability, Functionality, Coherence With Behavior Change Theory, and Comparative Validity of Nutrient Intake and Energy Estimates (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giannina Ferrara ◽  
Jenna Kim ◽  
Shuhao Lin ◽  
Jenna Hua ◽  
Edmund Seto
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Change Theory ◽  
Theoretical Domains Framework ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Estimates ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Behavior Change Theory ◽  
System Usability Scale

BACKGROUND Smartphone diet-tracking apps may help individuals lose weight, manage chronic conditions, and understand dietary patterns; however, the usabilities and functionalities of these apps have not been well studied. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to review the usability of current iPhone operating system (iOS) and Android diet-tracking apps, the degree to which app features align with behavior change constructs, and to assess variations between apps in nutrient coding. METHODS The top 7 diet-tracking apps were identified from the iOS iTunes and Android Play online stores, downloaded and used over a 2-week period. Each app was independently scored by researchers using the System Usability Scale (SUS), and features were compared with the domains in an integrated behavior change theory framework: the Theoretical Domains Framework. An estimated 3-day food diary was completed using each app, and food items were entered into the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Composition Databases to evaluate their differences in nutrient data against the USDA reference. RESULTS Of the apps that were reviewed, LifeSum had the highest average SUS score of 89.2, whereas MyDietCoach had the lowest SUS score of 46.7. Some variations in features were noted between Android and iOS versions of the same apps, mainly for MyDietCoach, which affected the SUS score. App features varied considerably, yet all of the apps had features consistent with Beliefs about Capabilities and thus have the potential to promote self-efficacy by helping individuals track their diet and progress toward goals. None of the apps allowed for tracking of emotional factors that may be associated with diet patterns. The presence of behavior change domain features tended to be weakly correlated with greater usability, with R2 ranging from 0 to .396. The exception to this was features related to the Reinforcement domain, which were correlated with less usability. Comparing the apps with the USDA reference for a 3-day diet, the average differences were 1.4% for calories, 1.0% for carbohydrates, 10.4% for protein, and −6.5% for fat. CONCLUSIONS Almost all reviewed diet-tracking apps scored well with respect to usability, used a variety of behavior change constructs, and accurately coded calories and carbohydrates, allowing them to play a potential role in dietary intervention studies.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

Unifying Calibration Parameters for Dielectric Moisture Meter

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Mészáros ◽  
David B. Funk
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Temperature Correction ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
University Of Budapest ◽  
Improved Accuracy

The Unified Grain Moisture Algorithm is capable of improved accuracy and allows the combination of many grain types into a single “unified calibration”. The purposes of this research were to establish processes for determining unifying parameters from the chemical and physical properties of grains. The data used in this research were obtained as part of the United States Department of Agriculture-Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration's Annual Moisture Calibration Study. More than 5,000 grain samples were tested with a Hewlett-Packard 4291A Material/Impedance Analyzer. Temperature tests were done with a Very High Frequency prototype system at Corvinus University of Budapest. Typical chemical and physical parameters for each of the major grain types were obtained from the literature. Data were analyzed by multivariate chemometric methods. One of the most important unifying parameters (Slope) and the temperature correction coefficient were successfully modeled. The Offset and Translation unifying parameters were not modeled successfully, but these parameters can be estimated relatively easily through limited grain tests.

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