scholarly journals Whole and fractionated yellow pea flours reduce fasting insulin and insulin resistance in hypercholesterolaemic and overweight human subjects

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. F. Marinangeli ◽  
Peter J. H. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
White Wheat ◽  
Pea Flour

The objective of the present study was to compare whole pea flour (WPF) to fractionated pea flour (FPF; hulls only) for their ability to reduce risk factors associated with CVD and diabetes in overweight hypercholesterolaemic individuals. Using a cross-over design, twenty-three hypercholesterolaemic overweight men and women received two-treatment muffins/d containing WPF, FPF or white wheat flour (WF) for 28 d, followed by 28 d washout periods. Daily doses of WPF and FPF complied with the United States Department of Agriculture's recommended level of intake of half a cup of pulses/d (approximately 50 g/d). Dietary energy requirements were calculated for each study subject, and volunteers were only permitted to eat food supplied by the study personnel. Fasting insulin, body composition, urinary enterolactone levels, postprandial glucose response, as well as fasting lipid and glucose concentrations, were assessed at the beginning and at the end of each treatment. Insulin concentrations for WPF (37·8 (sem3·4) pmol/ml,P = 0·021) and FPF (40·5 (sem3·4) pmol/ml,P = 0·037) were lower compared with WF (50·7 (sem3·4) pmol/ml). Insulin homeostasis modelling assessment showed that consumption of WPF and FPF decreased (P < 0·05) estimates of insulin resistance (IR) compared with WF. Android:gynoid fat ratios in women participants were lower (P = 0·027) in the WPF (1·01 (sem0·01) group compared with the WF group (1·06 (sem0·01). Urinary enterolactone levels tended to be higher (P = 0·087) in WPF compared with WF. Neither treatment altered circulating fasting lipids or glucose concentrations. In conclusion, under a controlled diet paradigm, a daily consumption of whole and fractionated yellow pea flours at doses equivalent to half a cup of yellow peas/d reduced IR, while WPF reduced android adiposity in women.

scholarly journals High tea consumption diminishes salivary 17β-estradiol concentration in Polish women

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 989-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kapiszewska ◽  
Malgorzata Miskiewicz ◽  
Peter T. Ellison ◽  
Inger Thune ◽  
Grazyna Jasienska
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Urban Group ◽  
17Β Estradiol

We hypothesized that among reproductive-age women consuming large quantities of tea, the production of estradiol would be suppressed. It has been shown that catechins and theaflavines, the major constituents of tea, inhibit aromatase, an enzyme which catalyses the conversion of androgens to oestrogens. Our study included Polish women living in urban (n 61) and rural (n 48) areas. Women collected daily saliva samples for one complete menstrual cycle and filled out dietary questionnaires. Saliva samples were analysed by RIA for concentration of 17β-estradiol (E2). Women with high (above the median) average daily consumption of black tea had reduced levels of salivary E2 in comparison with women who drank less black tea (below the median). This effect was observed within the whole study group, as well as separately within urban (P=0·0006) and rural (P=0·013) groups. High intake of the sum of subclasses of tea catechins and epigallocatechin gallate, assessed using the United States Department of Agriculture database (http://www.nal.usda.gov), was also associated with lower concentrations of E2 within all women (P=0·01 and P=0·0001, respectively) and within the urban group (P=0·0001 and P0·004, respectively). Similar relationships were observed between the sum of subclasses of theaflavines and thearubigines and E2 levels for the whole group (P=0·002) and for urban women (P=0·02). Women with high consumption of tea had lower levels of E2 concentration throughout the entire menstrual cycle. These results may have implications for reducing hormone-related cancer risk by a relatively easy dietary intervention.

Assessment of red blood cell glutathione status in insulin resistance

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 997-1002
Author(s):  
Jose E. Galgani ◽  
Karla Vasquez ◽  
Giannella Leonelli ◽  
Alejandra Espinosa ◽  
Hector Araya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Glucose Ingestion ◽  
Before And After

The aim of this study was to assess red blood cell glutathione from insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant individuals before and after an oral glucose dose. Fifteen healthy, young (24 ± 5 years), nonobese (23 ± 2 kg·m–2), insulin-sensitive (ISI composite = 6.0 ± 1.2) individuals and 14 healthy, young (22 ± 2 years), nonobese (24 ± 2 kg·m–2), insulin-resistant (ISI composite = 2.7 ± 1.1) individuals received a 75 g oral glucose dose. Blood samples were drawn before and for 2 h after glucose ingestion for red blood cell glutathione and serum glucose and insulin concentrations. Glycemia before and after glucose ingestion was similar between groups (p = 0.17), which suggest that hyperinsulinemia compensated impaired insulin sensitivity. Red blood cell total (p = 0.81), reduced (p = 0.79), and oxidized (p = 0.88) glutathione concentrations were similar between groups under fasting and postprandial conditions. However, in response to glucose, increases in total and reduced glutathione concentrations were found at the end of the 2 h assessment period in both groups (p < 0.05). Direct associations between postprandial glucose response and red blood cell total (r = 0.52; p < 0.05) and oxidized (r = 0.61; p = 0.02) glutathione concentrations were observed only in insulin-sensitive subjects. In conclusion, healthy individuals differing in their degree of insulin resistance showed similar red blood cell glutathione concentrations under non-glucose- and glucose-stimulated conditions.

Quantifying Compliance and Reliance Trust Behaviors to Influence Trust in Human-Automation Teams

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 750-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayson G. Boubin ◽  
Christina F. Rusnock ◽  
Jason M. Bindewald
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trust Model ◽  
System Level ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Trust In Automation ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Complex Automation ◽  
Automation Technology

Automation is utilized heavily in many domains to increase productivity. With new, more complex automation, like the self-driving car, humans will be required to forego direct task performance in favor of maintaining a supervisory role over automation systems. While the use of these systems generally results in greater performance than humans performing alone, humans are reluctant to adopt these superior systems due to a lack of trust. The United States Department of Defense is investigating trust in automation in order to influence the rate of adoption of automation technology. Studying trust in automation systems requires a mechanism for quantifying and measuring trust. This paper proposes a method for measuring human trust behaviors with regard to human-automation systems through response rates of compliance and reliance. Using behavioral data from a human-subjects experiment involving automated agents, we create a system dynamics model which relates trust to other system level variables. Using this trust model, engineers will be able to study trust in human-automation team scenarios in order to design automation systems with higher rates of adoption.

scholarly journals Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Perceived as Healthier Than Soda Among Young Adults and Groups at Risk for Misperceptions (P04-186-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Roberts ◽  
Sarah Solar ◽  
Jennifer Falbe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
P Values ◽  
Sports Drinks ◽  
Increase Risk

Abstract Objectives To reduce sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption, public health campaigns have focused on soda. However, intake of other SSBs has increased, perhaps due to perceptions that they are healthier. Thus, we sought to examine differences in health perceptions between soda and four types of SSBs among young adults and determine if socioeconomic characteristics were associated with perceptions. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 1339 undergraduate students from three universities participated in an online survey in August-November of 2018. Items used 7-point Likert scales to assess 1) perceived healthfulness of daily consumption of soda, sweetened tea, Vitamin Water, fruit-flavored drinks and sports drinks and 2) agreement or disagreement that these beverages increase risk of diabetes. Surveys also assessed demographic characteristics and food insecurity as a proxy for socioeconomic status. Analyses used Chi-square tests with dichotomized outcomes and linear regression models adjusting for race/ethnicity, university, gender and age. Results Students were more likely to perceive daily consumption of fruit-flavored drinks, sweetened tea, sports drinks, and Vitamin Water as healthy compared to soda (9%, 5%, 6%, and 14% vs. 2%, respectively, all P-values < 0.05) and were less likely to agree that these SSBs increase risk of diabetes compared to soda (67%, 67%, 61%, and 46% vs. 95%, respectively, all P-values < 0.001). Food insecure students rated all SSBs (except Vitamin Water) as healthier than did food secure students (P-values < 0.05). Food insecure students were also less likely than food secure students to agree that soda and Vitamin Water increase risk for diabetes (P-values < 0.05). Conclusions To reduce SSB consumption, public health policies and programs should focus on all types of SSBs, not just soda. Policies like SSB warning labels, which apply to all SSBs, may help correct misperceptions of SSB healthfulness and potentially reduce health disparities. Funding Sources Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Diabetes And Digestive And Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health and the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH or USDA.

scholarly journals Antioxidants Such as Flavonoids and Carotenoids in the Diet of Bogor, Indonesia Residents

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Nuri Andarwulan ◽  
Niken Cahyarani Puspita ◽  
Saraswati ◽  
Dominika Średnicka-Tober
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Indonesian Population ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Food Consumption Data ◽  
Flavonoid Intake ◽  
Β Carotene

Due to the strong antioxidant activity of flavonoids and carotenoids, daily consumption of these bioactive compounds has the potential for reducing the risk of many chronic and degenerative diseases caused by or contributed to by oxidative stress. Currently, the available research results related to the flavonoid and carotenoid intake in Asian countries are very limited, especially for Indonesian population. The present study was conducted in Bogor City and Bogor District, West Java, Indonesia. Food consumption data was obtained through the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) method, involving 200 respondents aged 25–65 years old. Flavonoids and carotenoids contents of the consumed food items were determined by referring to the databases developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), scientific journals, and calculation based on the recipes recorded in the survey. The total flavonoid intake of Bogor adults was estimated as 149.5 mg/day, consisting of 49.4% isoflavones, 24.0% flavonols, 9.4% flavanones, 7.0% flavan-3-ols, 6.0% flavones, and 4.2% anthocyanidins, and was contributed to mainly by legumes (70.7%), vegetables (10.1%), and fruits (7.3%). At the same time, the estimated total carotenoid intake reached 7.6 mg/day, and was contributed to mainly by vegetables (53.9%), fruits (20.2%), and snacks (14.4%), with β-carotene consumed in the highest proportion (49.9%), followed by lycopene (19.9%), lutein and zeaxanthin (13.5%), α-carotene (6.9%), and β-cryptoxanthin (2.6%). The effects of different respondents’ characteristics, such as area of residence (city vs. district), gender (male vs. female), and age (25–40, 41–55, and 56–65 years old) on the flavonoid and carotenoid intake varied widely, due to the differences in the overall consumption patterns of the respective respondents’ groups.

scholarly journals Unique requirements for social science human subjects research within the United States Department of Defense

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
Dale F Spurlin ◽  
Sena Garven
Keyword(s):  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Federal Regulations ◽  
Human Subjects Research ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Common

Although most researchers are familiar with the application of the Common Rule in research, fewer are aware of specific requirements and restrictions for conducting human subjects research when employees of the US Department of Defense (DoD) will be participants. Because of the additional regulations concerning DoD employees as participants, federal regulations and research policies require researchers to submit their human subjects research proposals through a DoD review process to ensure compliance with DoD research policies, regardless of a non-DoD IRB’s approval. These research policies recognize the vulnerability of military subjects within a hierarchical organization to potential coercion and abuse during research studies. This article describes some of the unique requirements to conduct human subjects research within the DoD (in which the participants are military or civilian). The article concludes with steps researchers can follow to facilitate the DoD review process for research, and timely research within the DoD.

scholarly journals Association between the serum estrone-to-estradiol ratio and parameters related to glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-379
Author(s):  
Nayoung Kim ◽  
Sungwook Chun
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Clinical Variable ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Levels

Objective: We aimed to evaluate associations between the ratio of serum estrone (E1) to estradiol (E2) and parameters related to serum glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: In total, 133 women between the ages of 18 and 33 diagnosed with PCOS were enrolled in this study. All participants with PCOS underwent blood tests to determine hormonal and biochemical metabolic parameters and a standard 2-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. They were divided into two groups according to the serum E1-to-E2 ratio: group 1 (E1/E2 ratio <2.0) and group 2 (E1/E2 ratio ≥2.0). Results: In the comparative analysis, the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was the only clinical variable that was significantly different between the two groups. Patients with a higher E1/E2 ratio showed higher fasting insulin levels, homeostasis model for insulin resistance, and postprandial glucose levels at 2 hours (PPG2). In a correlation analysis, only PPG2 was significantly related to the serum E1/E2 ratio. However, after controlling for the confounding effects of body mass index (BMI) and WHR, fasting glucose was also significantly correlated with the serum E1/E2 ratio. Conclusion: Women with PCOS with a higher serum E1/E2 ratio were found to be more likely to show higher fasting insulin and postprandial glucose levels. Significant correlations were found between the serum E1/E2 ratio and both fasting and postprandial serum glucose levels after adjusting for BMI and WHR in women with PCOS.

Both macronutrient food composition and fasting insulin resistance affect postprandial glycemic responses in senior subjects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Galarregui ◽  
Santiago Navas-Carretero ◽  
Carlos J. Gonzalez-Navarro ◽  
J. Alfredo Martinez ◽  
M. Angeles Zulet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Postprandial Hyperglycemia ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Fasting Insulin

Introduction: Postprandial hyperglycemia is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance (IR) might affect metabolic responses in non-fasting states. Dietary intake and food composition influence postprandial glucose homeostasis....

Therapeutic Effect of Metformin and Vitamin E Versus Prescriptive Diet in Obese Adolescents with Fatty Liver

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 398-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akcam ◽  
Boyaci ◽  
Pirgon ◽  
Kaya ◽  
Uysal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obese Adolescents

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine whether metformin or vitamin E treatment for six months is effective in reducing body weight, blood pressure, and also ameliorating insulin resistance, adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in obese adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: Sixty-seven obese adolescents with liver steatosis (age range, 9 - 17 years) were included in the study. The metformin group received an 850-mg dose of metformin daily and the vitamin E group received 400 U vitamin E /daily, in capsule form for 6 months, plus an individually tailored diet, exercise, and behavioral therapy. Results: After 6 months later, there was a significant decline in body mass index, and fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) values in all three groups. Moreover, in comparingson of changes in HOMA among the groups, the metformin- treated group showed significantly improved metabolic control and insulin sensitivity (HOMA) at the end of the study. There were no significant differences for changes of adiponectin, TNF-alpha, in all three groups after 6 months study. Conclusion: These data suggest that metformin treatment is more effective than dietary advice and vitamin E treatment in reducing insulin resistance, and also in ameliorating metabolic parameters such as fasting insulin and lipid levels, in obese adolescents having NAFLD.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

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