scholarly journals Quantification of the Life Time Flight Capabilities of the South American Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Mark S. Hoddle ◽  
Christina D. Hoddle ◽  
Ivan Milosavljević
Keyword(s):  
Life Time ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
South American ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Mating Status ◽  
Unmated Female ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Rhynchophorus Palmarum ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
American Palm

The life time flight capabilities of an invasive palm pest, Rhynchophorus palmarum, were assessed using flight mill assays under controlled conditions in the laboratory. A total of 101 weevils were used for experiments and subjected to repeat flight assays. A total of 17 flight trials were run, of which the first 14 provided useful data prior to weevil death. Male and female weevils exhibited a strong capacity for repeat long distance flights. Flight metrics of interest were not affected by weevil sex or mating status. Cumulative lifetime flight distances for male and female R. palmarum averaged ~268 km and ~220 km, respectively. A maximum lifetime cumulative flight distance of ~758 km and ~806 km was recorded for one male of unknown mating status and one unmated female weevil, respectively. Dispersal data for individual flights (i.e., trials 1 through 9, 10–14 combined) and all flight trial data (i.e., flights 1–14 combined) exhibited platykurtic distributions. The results presented here may have important implications for modeling the spread of this invasive pest and for the development of monitoring and management plans.

Paysandisia archon (South American palm borer).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Riolo ◽  
Sandro Nardi
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
South American ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
North East ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
American Palm

Abstract P. archon is a Neotropical castniid species. It is not considered a pest in most of its native range, probably because it lives mainly on wild palm trees and not on crops; however, Houlbert (1918) and Bourquin (1933) reported that it had the potential to become a serious pest of palms. It was accidentally introduced to Europe from Argentina, as larvae hidden in imported palm trees, mostly Butia yatay and Trithrinax campestris. In Europe, where it is spreading rapidly, P. archon was first found in 2001 in Spain (Aguilar et al., 2001), France (Drescher and Dufay, 2001; Sarto i Monteys and Aguilar, 2001) and Italy (Espinosa et al., 2003; Riolo et al., 2004) and is considered an invasive species in these countries. It is already an invasive pest in France, Italy and Spain, where serious damage and plant mortality has been reported (1000 palm trees have been destroyed) and has become a pest in Buenos Aires, where it was introduced from north-east Argentina (Sarto i Monteys and Aguilar, 2005). The moth is currently listed in the EPPO A2 List (n. 338) of 'Pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests' (OEPP/EPPO, 2008) and in European Phytosanitary Legislation in AnnexII/Part A/Section II (COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2009/7/EC of 10 February 2009 amending Annexes I, II, IV and V to Council Directive 2000/29/EC on protective measures against the introduction into the Community of organisms harmful to plants or plant products and against their spread within the Community).

Phoretic mite infestations associated with Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in southern California

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesc Gómez-marco ◽  
Hans Klompen ◽  
Mark Hoddle
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Invasion Biology ◽  
San Diego County ◽  
South American ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Rhynchophorus Palmarum ◽  
The Usa ◽  
American Palm ◽  
Mite Infestations

The South American palm weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), established in San Diego County, California, USA sometime around 2014. Attached to the motile adults of this destructive palm pest, we identified three species of uropodine mites (Parasitiformes: Uropodina), Centrouropoda n. sp., Dinychus n. sp. and Fuscuropoda marginata. Two of these species, Centrouropoda n. sp. and Dinychus n. sp. are recorded for the first time in the USA and were likely introduced by R. palmarum. Several species of mites, primarily of Uropodina, have previously been recorded as phoretic on Rhynchophorus spp. In this study, we examined 3,035 adult R. palmarum trapped over a 2.5-year period, July 2016 to December 2018, and documented the presence of and species composition of phoretic mites and their relationship with weevil morphometrics (i.e., pronotum length and width). The presence and species composition of mites on weevil body parts changed over the survey period. No mites were found under weevil elytra in 2016 and mite prevalence under elytra increased over 2017–2018 due to an increased abundance of Centrouropoda n. sp per individual beetle. Mite occurrence levels were significantly correlated with reduced pronotum widths of male weevils only. The significance of this finding on male weevil fitness is unknown. Potential implications of phoretic mites on aspects of the invasion biology of R. palmarum are discussed.

scholarly journals Antennal transcriptome sequencing and identification of candidate chemoreceptor proteins from an invasive pest, the American palm weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Gonzalez ◽  
Jibin Johny ◽  
William B. Walker ◽  
Qingtian Guan ◽  
Sara Mfarrej ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Palm Weevil ◽  
Rhynchophorus Palmarum ◽  
Gene Sets ◽  
American Palm ◽  
Odorant Binding

AbstractFor decades, the American palm weevil (APW), Rhynchophorus palmarum, has been a threat to coconut and oil palm production in the Americas. It has recently spread towards North America, endangering ornamental palms, and the expanding date palm production. Its behavior presents several parallelisms with a closely related species, R. ferrugineus, the red palm weevil (RPW), which is the biggest threat to palms in Asia and Europe. For both species, semiochemicals have been used for management. However, their control is far from complete. We generated an adult antennal transcriptome from APW and annotated chemosensory related gene families to obtain a better understanding of these species' olfaction mechanism. We identified unigenes encoding 37 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), ten chemosensory proteins (CSPs), four sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), seven gustatory receptors (GRs), 63 odorant receptors (ORs), and 28 ionotropic receptors (IRs). Noticeably, we find out the R. ferrugineus pheromone-binding protein and pheromone receptor orthologs from R. palmarum. Candidate genes identified and annotated in this study allow us to compare these palm weevils' chemosensory gene sets. Most importantly, this study provides the foundation for functional studies that could materialize as novel pest management strategies.

Rhynchophorus palmarum. [Distribution map].

1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
South American ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Rhynchophorus Palmarum ◽  
American Palm ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) (= R. barbirostris (Thnb.)) (Col., Curculionidae) (South American Palm Weevil). Host Plants: Coconut, other palms and sugar cane. Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, West Indies, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Uruguay, Venezuela.

scholarly journals Exposure to Insecticides Reduces Populations of Rhynchophorus palmarum in Oil Palm Plantations with Bud Rot Disease

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Carlos Martínez ◽  
Angelica Plata-Rueda ◽  
Francisco Andrés Rodríguez-Dimaté ◽  
Juliana Mendonça Campos ◽  
Valdeir Celestino dos Santos Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
South American ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Rhynchophorus Palmarum ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
American Palm ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
Rot Disease

The South American palm weevil (SAPW), Rhynchophorus palmarum Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is the main pest of Elaeis guineensis and damages palm trees with bud rot disease in the Americas. The effects of six neurotoxic insecticides (abamectin, carbaryl, deltamethrin, fipronil, imidacloprid and spinosad) were evaluated against SAPW for toxicity, survival, reproduction, and mortality. Abamectin (LC50 = 0.33 mg mL−1), Carbaryl (LC50 = 0.24 mg mL−1), deltamethrin (LC50 = 0.17 mg mL−1), and fipronil (LC50 = 0.42 mg mL−1) were the most toxic to SAPW. Adult survival was 95% without exposure to insecticides, decreasing to 78–65% in insects treated with the LC25 and 49–35% in insects exposed to LC50. Sublethal doses of carbaryl, fipronil and imidacloprid showed significant effect on the reproduction of this insect. Mortality of SAPW populations caused by insecticides had similar effects in the laboratory and field conditions. The results suggest that carbaryl, deltamethrin, fipronil, and imidacloprid caused significantly higher mortality as compared to the control in SAPW and may be used to control its populations in oil palm trees where bud rot appears as the key disease for SAPW attraction and infestation.

Emergence of New Potential Insect Pests of Date Palm: Could Climate Change Be the Reason?

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 242-245
Author(s):  
Hamadttu A. F. El-Shafie
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
South American ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
The Family ◽  
American Palm ◽  
Sorghum Chafer

Four insect species were reported as new potential pests of date palm in recent years. They are sorghum chafer (Pachnoda interrupta), the rose chafer (Potosia opaca), the sericine chafer beetle (Maladera insanablis), and the South American palm borer (Pysandisia archon). The first three species belong to the order Coleoptera and the family Scarabaeidae, while the fourth species is a lepidopteran of the family Castniidae. The injury as well as the economic damage caused by the four species on date palm need to be quantified. Due to climate change and anthropogenic activities, the date palm pest complex is expected to change in the future. To the author's knowledge, this article provides the first report of sorghum chafer as a pest damaging date palm fruit.

Systematic revision and cladistic analysis of the South American genus Endeius Coiffait & Sáiz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Chani-Posse de Maus
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
Male And Female

AbstractThe genus Endeius Coiffait & Sáiz, 1968 (Staphylininae: Staphylinini), distributed from Chile and Argentina through Juan Fernández Is. and Galapagos Is., is revised using characters of external morphology and male and female genitalia. Endeius comprises seven valid species: E. punctipennis (Solier), E. nitidipennis (Solier), E. subpunctipennis Coiffait & Sáiz, E. loensis Coiffait & Sáiz, E. franzi Sáiz, E. lugubris Sáiz and E. ovaliceps Coiffait. Belonuchus multipunctatus (Coiffait), comb. nov., is excluded from Endeius. An identification key to all species of the genus is provided. Monophyly of Endeius, as considered in the present study, is supported by one synapomorphy from the external morphology. Within the genus, the best supported subgroup consists of E. punctipennis (Solier), E. subpunctipennis Coiffait & Sáiz, E. loensis Coiffait & Sáiz and E. ovaliceps Coiffait.

Plasma Technology TRIPLEX for the Deposition of Ceramic Coatings in the Industry

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Barbezat ◽  
K. Landes
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Jet ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Deposition Efficiency ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Oxide Ceramic ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Plasma Gun ◽  
Plasma Torches ◽  
Improved Stability

Abstract As a new plasma gun technology the TRIPLEX system has been introduced in the industrial field two years ago. The core of the TRIPLEX technology is a plasma gun with three cathodes and a long cascaded nozzle consisting of several insulated rings. Only the last ring with a relatively long distance to the cathode is operated as anode. Because of the equal and constant lengths of the three independent arcs, stretching from the three cathodes to the common anode, a stationary plasma jet is generated. Compared to conventional torches, the improved stability of the plasma jet allows a more uniform powder treatment and a higher deposition efficiency as well as the powder feed rate can be increased using a triple injection system. A significantly longer life time of the electrodes reduces the cost for quality control in the coating process. The characteristic properties of oxide ceramic coatings are improved in comparison with the coatings produced by conventional plasma torches. The results of two years industrial application of the innovative torch system TRIPLEX are presented in the paper.

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