Anastrepha grandis (South American cucurbit fruit fly).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Norrbom
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
South American ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Andean Countries ◽  
Cultivated Species

Abstract A. grandis is a pest of various cultivated species of Cucurbitaceae, especially pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.), squash (Cucurbita spp.) and melon [Cucumis melo]. It occurs in the Andean countries, Paraguay, southern Brazil, and northern Argentina. It has been intercepted at ports in the USA, indicating its potential for spread via infested fruits.

Anastrepha striata (guava fruit fly).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Norrbom
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Guava Fruit ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cultivated Species

Abstract A. striata is a pest of various cultivated species of Myrtaceae, especially guavas [Psidium spp.]. Its exact native range is obscure, but its presence in southern Brazil has been detected only recently, suggesting that human activities may have aided its spread. It has also been intercepted and trapped in the USA (Florida, California), indicating its potential for spread via infested fruits.

Anastrepha serpentina (sapodilla fruit fly).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Norrbom
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Manilkara Zapota ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Chrysophyllum Cainito ◽  
American Tropics

Abstract A. serpentina is a pest of various cultivated species of Sapotaceae, especially caimito [Chrysophyllum cainito], sapodilla [Manilkara zapota], and sapote [Capparis angulata], and it occasionally attacks a variety of other hosts, including Citrus spp. It is a widespread species in the American tropics, occurring from Mexico to Argentina. It has been intercepted and trapped in the USA (Florida, California) and other countries outside its range indicating its potential for spread via infested fruits.

scholarly journals Use of toxic bait to manage the south american fruit fly in apple orchards in Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Borges ◽  
Marcos Botton ◽  
Mari Inês Carissimi Boff ◽  
Cristiano João Arioli ◽  
Ruben Machota Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
South American ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Fruit Fly

Abstract Anastrepha fraterculus the South American fruit fly, is an important insect pest in apple orchards of southern Brazil, especially in small farms, where it often causes total crop loss. Experiments were conducted to evaluate, during four crop seasons (2009/2010, 2010/2011, 2012/2013, and 2013/2014) in organic and conventional apple orchards in southern Brazil, the toxic bait formulation ANAMED™ (oils and waxes 49.0% + M7 attractant 24.2% + spinosad insecticide 0.1%) for its capacity to reduce the South American fruit fly population. ANAMED applications started after apples with an average diameter of 20 mm had been thinned, and they were made every 14 days until harvest. ANAMED was sprayed on non-crop vegetation growing on the edges of the orchards at a rate of 1.0 kg.ha-1. Adult fruit flies were monitored weekly using McPhail traps baited with Torula™ yeast. Injured fruits were evaluated seven days before harvest. ANAMED reduced the adult population of trapped fruit flies captured in all crop seasons and the injured fruit, except for the first year of evaluation (2009/2010). In conclusion, the sequential use of ANAMED toxic bait over time significantly reduced adult populations of A. fraterculus and the percentage of fruits injured by this pest.

scholarly journals Determining the Sterilization Doses under Hypoxia for the Novel Black Pupae Genetic Sexing Strain of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Paloma Della Giustina ◽  
Thiago Mastrangelo ◽  
Sohel Ahmad ◽  
Gabriel Mascarin ◽  
Carlos Caceres
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
South American ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Genetic Sexing ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Genetic Sexing Strain ◽  
South American Fruit Fly ◽  
First Time

A common strategy used to maintain sterile fly quality without sacrificing sterility is to irradiate the insects under an oxygen-reduced atmosphere. So far, sterilizing doses for the South American fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus have only been determined under normoxia. Our study reports for the first time the dose-sterility response under hypoxia for two different A. fraterculus strains. The pupae were derived from a bisexual strain (a Brazilian-1 population) and a recently developed genetic sexing strain (GSS-89). Two hours prior to irradiation, pupae were transferred to sealed glass bottles and irradiated when oxygen concentration was below 3%. Four types of crosses with nonirradiated flies of the bisexual strain were set to assess sterility for each radiation dose. For males from both strains, Weibull dose–response curves between radiation doses and the proportion of egg hatch, egg-to-pupa recovery, and recovery of adults were determined. The GSS males revealed high sterility/mortality levels compared to males from the bisexual strain at doses < 40 Gy, but a dose of 74 Gy reduced egg hatch by 99% regardless of the male strain and was considered the sterilizing dose. The fertility of irradiated females was severely affected even at low doses under hypoxia.

Agricultural Total Factor Productivity and Road Infrastructure in South American Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus C. R. Neves ◽  
Felipe De Figueiredo Silva ◽  
Carlos Otávio Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
South American ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Technical Inefficiency ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Andean Countries

In this working paper, we estimate agricultural total factor productivity (Ag TFP) for South American countries over the period 19692016 and identify how road density affect technical efficiency. In 2015, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Bolivia, the Andean countries, had 205,000; 166,000; 96,000; 89,000; and 43,000 kilometers of roads, respectively. A poor-quality and limited road network, along with inaccessibility to markets, might limit the ability of farms to efficiently manage production inputs, raising technical inefficiency. We find that the Ag TFP growth rate per year for South American countries, on average, is 1.5%. For the Andean countries, we find an even smaller growth rate per year of 1.4% on average. Our findings suggest that higher road density is associated with lower technical inefficiency.

scholarly journals Optimization of the sterilizing doses and overflooding ratios for the South American fruit fly

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. e0201026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Mastrangelo ◽  
Adalecio Kovaleski ◽  
Victor Botteon ◽  
Wanessa Scopel ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Zamboni Costa
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Fruit Fly

scholarly journals Phenological asynchrony between the fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus and early maturing peach cultivars could contribute to pesticide use reduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily S. Araujo ◽  
Leticia R. Paiva ◽  
Sidney G. Alves ◽  
Daniele Bevacqua ◽  
Dori E. Nava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Exotic Plant ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
South Of Brazil

Phenological asynchrony between fruit crops and pests consists of a discrepancy between the period of fruit susceptibility and that of high pest abundance in the orchards. Therefore, it may be used for reducing pesticide applications. We assayed the potential phenological asynchrony between peach cultivars with different growing cycles and the Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae). To this end, we assessed fruit infestation by A. fraterculus at harvest for one growing season (2012-2013) in early, average and late maturing peach cultivars. Moreover, the fruit infestation was checked for non-cultivated native and non-cultivated wild exotic plant hosts around the peach orchards of the experimental area during 2013 and 2014. In addition, we monitored A. fraterculus abundance weekly during three consecutive growing seasons, S1 (2011-2012), S2 (2012-2013) and S3 (2013-2014), to assess phenological asynchrony between peach cultivars and A. fraterculus. In particular, we checked the influence of meteorological variables on A. fraterculus abundance, and tested if A. fraterculus abundance at the time when fruits are susceptible differed among cultivars. Eventually we discuss the possibility of sustainable management of peach in southern Brazil. This study constitutes a first assessment of the periods of crop vulnerability and pest presence in peach orchards in South of Brazil and provides necessary information for taking advantage of the phenological asynchrony phenomenon for this pest-crop association.

scholarly journals Multiple incursion pathways for Helicoverpa armigera in Brazil show its genetic diversity spreading in a connected world

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas A. Arnemann ◽  
Stephen H. Roxburgh ◽  
Tom Walsh ◽  
Jerson V.C. Guedes ◽  
Karl H.J. Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
South America ◽  
New World ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
South American ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
South American Continent

AbstractThe Old World cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera was first detected in Brazil with subsequent reports from Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia, and Uruguay. This pattern suggests that the H. armigera spread across the South American continent following incursions into northern/central Brazil, however, this hypothesis has not been tested. Here we compare northern and central Brazilian H. armigera mtDNA COI haplotypes with those from southern Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, and Paraguay. We infer spatial genetic and gene flow patterns of this dispersive pest in the agricultural landscape of South America. We show that the spatial distribution of H. armigera mtDNA haplotypes and its inferred gene flow patterns in the southwestern region of South America exhibited signatures inconsistent with a single incursion hypothesis. Simulations on spatial distribution patterns show that the detection of rare and/or the absence of dominant mtDNA haplotypes in southern H. armigera populations are inconsistent with genetic signatures observed in northern and central Brazil. Incursions of H. armigera into the New World are therefore likely to have involved independent events in northern/central Brazil, and southern Brazil/Uruguay-Argentina-Paraguay. This study demonstrates the significant biosecurity challenges facing the South American continent, and highlights alternate pathways for introductions of alien species into the New World.

scholarly journals Effect of food lures for monitoring of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Acca sellowiana (Myrtaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Joatan Machado da Rosa ◽  
Cristiano João Arioli ◽  
Aline Costa Padilha ◽  
Lenita Agostinetto ◽  
Marcos Botton
Keyword(s):  
Grape Juice ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Capture Efficiency ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Hydrolyzed Protein ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Action Thresholds ◽  
Acca Sellowiana

The South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) stands out for its polyphagous habit of damaging the production of several fruits in southern Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the capture efficiency of A. fraterculus using grape juice at different periods of decomposition and aging as well as to test the capture efficiency of the enzymatic hydrolyzed protein Cera Trap® in feijoa crops. The work was conducted in a commercial feijoa orchard in São Joaquim, SC, Brazil during the 2014 growing season. Undiluted Cera Trap®, fresh grape juice and grape juice that had aged for 7 and 14 days were evaluated. All of the treatments with grape juice were used at the recommended concentration of 25 %. McPhail traps were used with 300 mL for each lure. On a weekly basis, the number of adults and the percentage of female fruit flies captured were evaluated, using identification and counting. Cera Trap® was the lure that captured the highest number of fruit flies, with a high percentage of females and with a higher frequency of captures during the season. Cera Trap® also showed the highest number of action thresholds compared to grape juice treatments. The 25 % fresh and aged grape juice showed a low number of captures and a low number of action thresholds. We conclude that fresh and aged grape juice were not effective for capturing and  monitoring A. fraterculus in feijoa orchards. The Cera Trap® lure proves to be an alternative to improve  monitoring of A. fraterculus in orchards in southern Brazil.

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