Pseudomonas pisi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Water Droplets ◽  
Local Spread ◽  
Lathyrus Odoratus ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Plant Surfaces

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas pisi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Pisum sativum, P. sativum var. arvense, Lathyrus odoratus, L. latifolius, Vicia benghalensis, Lablab niger and Vigna sp. DISEASE: Bacterial blight of peas. The dark green water-soaked lesions may appear on any of the above ground parts of infected plants. They enlarge and coalesce if humidity is high. Older lesions are brown and papery, especially on the pods. In badly infected pods the seed may be covered with bacterial slime, and the organisms may penetrate the seed by way of the funicle and micropyle (7: 214). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Found in many of the world's pea growing areas and on all continents (CMI Map 253, ed. 3, 1963). The disease has recently been reported from Armenia (42: 505). TRANSMISSION: The bacteria are carried and mav overwinter on and within the seed, where they remain viable for at least 10 months (7: 214). The pattern of local spread suggests that the organism travels in drainage water. Water droplets on plant surfaces probably also play a part, as infection takes place through both wounds and stomata.

Xanthomonas ricini. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Atypical Symptoms ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Dark Green

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas ricini. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Ricinus communis. DISEASE: Normally a leaf spot disease in which the bacteria are confined to the parenchymatous tissues. The tiny, dark green, water-soaked spots expand and become brownish, angular and necrotic. They may coalesce to form larger necrotic areas and badly infected leaves become chlorotic and may drop. Occasionally petioles and succulent branches have minute oval or linear spots. Sabet (40, 334) obtained atypical symptoms from inoculation of buds. When the leaves opened, the main veins became infected and tissues dependent on infected veins became yellow and flaccid and finally withered. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Scattered, more or las world-wide (CMI Map 394, ed. 1, 1962). Extra references include Hong Kong (43, 345), Poland (48, 554b), Zambia and confirmation of Kenya. TRANSMISSION: Probably in wind and rain; it is rapid in wet weather. One report suggests that it is also seedborne (33, 181).

Xanthomonas pisi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Saddler
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Vigna Angularis ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Soil Level

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas pisi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pisum sativum (Leguminosae); by artificial inoculation: Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae), Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae), Phaseolus vulgaris, Trifolium spp., Vicia faba and Vigna angularis (Leguminosae). DISEASE: Stem rot of pea. The disease attacks stems or stipules at the soil level, rapidly extending upwards. On stems and stipules lesions appear primarily dark green and water-soaked. Lesions turn brown and papery with age; sometimes a chlorotic halo is evident. Leaflets and petioles are also attacked, frequently the base of leaflets adjoining the petioles become brown, papery and wither. By artificial inoculation isolates are strongly pectolytic, causing soft rot in vegetable tissues such as those from Allium cepa, Daucus carota, Rhaphanus sativus and Solanum tuberosum. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: ASIA: Japan. TRANSMISSION: Not known.

Gibberella zeae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Water Droplets ◽  
Ascospore Discharge ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Gibberella zeae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Wheat, maize, barley, carnations and other ornamentals; also reported infecting Lycopersicon, Pisum, Trifolium and Solanum DISEASE: Seedling blight, pre-emergence and post-emergence blight, root and foot rot, brown rot, culm decay, head or kernel blight (scab or ear scab) of wheat, maize, barley and other cereals. Leaf and flower rot of carnations and other ornamentals. Also reported infecting species of Lycopersicon, Pisum, Trifolium and Solanum. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide on maize and rice in the tropics. Wheat, oats, barley and rye in temperate regions. TRANSMISSION: By planting infected or infested seeds or by planting in infested soil. Secondary infection occurs widely by water droplets under moist conditions or by ascospore discharge.

Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Southern Rhodesia

Abstract A description is provided for Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a very wide range of host plants comprising 58 families including: avocado, castor, Cinchona spp., citrus, cotton, eggplant, guava, lucerne, papaw, parsley, pineapple, Piper betle, rhubarb, sesame, strawberry, tomato. DISEASES: Damping-off of seedlings (tomato, castor, citrus, cotton); root rot (citrus, avocado, strawberry, lucerne); crown rot (parsley, rhubarb, strawberry, lucerne); brown stem rot of tobacco; stem canker and tip blight of Cinchona spp. ; leaf blight (castor, sesame, pineapple, Piper betle) and fruit rot (citrus, tomato, guava, papaw, eggplant). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ethiopia, Mali, Madagascar, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Southern Rhodesia, Tanganyika); Asia (Burma, Ceylon, China, Formosa, India, Israel, Japan, Java, Malaya, Philippines); Australia & Oceania (Australia, Hawaii, Tasmania); Europe (Cyprus, France, Germany, Great Britain, Holland, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, U.S.S.R.); North America (Bermuda, Canada, Mexico, U.S.A.); Central America & West Indies (Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, Trinidad);. South America (Argentina, Brazil, British Guiana, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne, spreading rapidly after heavy rain or where soil remains moist or water-logged (40: 470). Also recorded in drainage water in India and in reservoirs and canals supplying citrus groves in U.S.A. (23: 45; 39: 24). A method for determining a disease potential index in soil using lemon fruit has been described (38: 4). Also present in testas of seeds from diseased citrus fruit which may infect nursery seedbeds (37: 165).

scholarly journals First Report of Bacterial Fruit Blotch of Watermelon Caused by Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli in Illinois

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Babadoost ◽  
N. Pataky
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
American Phytopathological Society ◽  
Bacterial Fruit Blotch ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Fruit Surface

In August 2001, symptomatic mature fruit of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cvs. Crimson Sweet and Royal Sweet were collected from six fields (48 ha) in Iroquois, Kankakee, and Mason counties in Illinois. The fruit surface had dark green, water-soaked lesions, and the rind's epidermis was cracked. Sections of infected rind were examined with a light microscope, and bacterial streaming was observed. Rind tissue was disinfested by rubbing the fruit surface with a paper towel moistened with 70% ethanol. Pieces of rind from the margins of lesions were placed in a test tube containing sterile-distilled water. The tube was shaken, and the suspension was streaked on King's medium B agar in petri plates. The plates were incubated at 26°C for 3 days. A nonfluorescent, gramnegative, anaerobic, oxidase-positive, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated that produced creamy white colonies on nutrient agar. The bacterium was identified as Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test specific for A. avenae subsp. citrulli (kit PSA 14,800; Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN). The disease was diagnosed as bacterial fruit blotch (1,2). The occurrence of bacterial fruit blotch of watermelon in Illinois is important because (i) watermelon is widely grown in Illinois, (ii) the pathogen also infects melons and pumpkins, and (iii) Illinois grows approximately 1,000 ha of melons and 8,000 ha of pumpkins. References: (1) R. X. Latin. Bacterial fruit blotch. Pages 34-35 in: Compendium of Cucurbit Diseases. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN,1996. (2) G. S. Somodi et al. Plant Dis. 75:1053, 1991.

Calonectria scoparia. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Crous
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Araucaria Heterophylla ◽  
Splash Dispersal ◽  
Shoot Blight ◽  
Stem Cankers

Abstract A description is provided for Calonectria scoparia. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Acacia spp. (68, 1566), Araucaria heterophylla, Eucalyptus spp., Fragaria sp., Luma sp., Medicago sativa, M. truncatula, Persea americana, Pinus spp., Pisum sativum, Rhododendron spp., Prunus sp., Syncarpia gummifera. DISEASE: Damping off, root rot, cutting rot, stem cankers, leaf spotting, seedling and shoot blight. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Brazil, India, Kenya, Mauritius, South Africa. TRANSMISSION: Wind and splash dispersal.

Ramularia alba. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ingham
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Wind Dispersal ◽  
White Mould ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Lathyrus Odoratus ◽  
Sweet Pea

Abstract A description is provided for Ramularia alba. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Lathyrus odoratus, the sweet pea. DISEASE: White blight of sweet pea, also called white mould or Cladosporium blight. Leaf spots vary from yellow flecks to buff coloured dead areas, which may be circular or irregular in shape merging gradually into healthy leaf tissue. Leaf spots may merge together affecting most of the leaf and in such cases defoliation may result (30, 41). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (Denmark, England, Sweden). North America (Canada: British Columbia, Ontario; USA: California, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas). TRANSMISSION: By wind dispersal of air-borne conidia.

Aphanomyces euteiches. [Distribution map].

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Aphanomyces Euteiches ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Aphanomyces euteiches Drechsler. Hosts: Pea (Pisum sativum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia, Japan, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Europe, Britain, Denmark, France, Norway, Sweden, USSR (Russia), North America, Canada, USA.

Xanthomonas cassavae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Saddler
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Green Point ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Dark Green

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas cassavae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Manihot esculenta (Euphorbiaceae); by artificial inoculation: Euphorbia pulcherrima (Euphorbiaceae). DISEASE: Cassava leaf spot or bacterial necrosis. Angular leaf spots extend along veins but generally do not develop into blight. Spots age, turn dark brown and are surrounded by a yellow halo. Exudate is frequently produced. On stems, dark green point lesions develop slowly up to 1 cm diam. Lytic pockets generally develop under lesions in the cortex. Lateral extension can lead to girdling and tip dieback. Secondary colonization by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides[Glomerella cingulata] is frequently observed. Systemic infection and vascular browning are absent or very restricted. Entry into the host is through natural openings (stomata) or epidermal wounds, which can be caused (especially on the stem) by sand particles or small grains of gravel thrown up by the strong winds which precede the first rains. The optimum temperature for disease development is 25°C. Disease mainly occurs above altitudes of 800 m. There is evidence that disease severity is linked to poor plant nutrition. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Burundi, Congo Democratic Republic, Kenya, Malawi, Niger, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire. SOUTH AMERICA: Colombia. TRANSMISSION: Long distance spread is restricted. Symptomless cuttings taken from diseased plants were unable to demonstrate propagation. Rapid disease development under favourable climatic conditions suggests a symptomless epiphytic phase on the host itself or on a plant other than cassava. In the field, dispersal is by wind and rain.

Xylophilus ampelinus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Overhead Irrigation ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Xylophilus Ampelinus

Abstract A description is provided for Xylophilus ampelinus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Vitis vinifera. DISEASE: Bacterial blight of the grapevine; 'Tsilik marasi' in Greece; 'Maladie d'Oleron' in France; 'Mel nero' in Italy; 'Vlamsiekte' in South Africa. In early spring buds on infected spurs fail to open or make stunted growth which eventually dies. Affected spurs often appear slightly swollen because of hyperplasia of the cambial tissue. Cracks appear along such spurs and enlarge to form cankers. Young shoots may develop pale yellowish-green spots on the lowest internodes. These expand upwards on the shoot, darken, crack and develop into cankers. Cracks and later cankers also form on more woody branches later in spring. In summer, cankers are often seen on the sides of petioles causing a characteristic one-sided necrosis of the leaf. They may also appear on main and secondary flower and fruit stalks. Leaf spots and marginal necrosis sometimes occur. Gum formation is not necessarily a symptom. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: South Africa, France, Greece (including Crete), Italy (including Sardinia and Sicily), Spain, Turkey (68, 367). (IMI Distribution Map 531, ed 2, 1986). TRANSMISSION: Bacteria are carried by moisture to wounds, leaf scars and other sites where infection may take place. Primary infection can take place without wounding. Grafting and pruning can cause much spread of the disease. Overhead irrigation contributes to spread and development (51, 551). Observations indicate that sources of infection survive in vines even after removal of visibly infected parts.

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