scholarly journals Cowpea mild mottle virus (angular mosaic of beans).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith K. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) infects a wide range of cultivated legumes. It causes severe mosaic and/or necrosis on the leaves, stems and pods of beans (Phaselous), cowpea (Vigna) and soyabean (Glycine max). Yield losses of 64-80% have been recorded in groundnuts in Kenya (Bock et al., 1976, 1977) and 10-100% in soyabean in Brazil and Argentina (Brown and Rodrigues, 2017). The virus is transmitted in a non-persistent manner by the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci.

Cowpea mild mottle virus (angular mosaic of beans).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith K. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
South America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) infects a wide range of cultivated legumes. It causes severe mosaic and/or necrosis on the leaves, stems and pods of beans (Phaselous), cowpea (Vigna) and soyabean (Glycine max). Yield losses of 64-80% have been recorded in groundnuts in Kenya (Bock et al., 1976, 1977) and 10-100% in soyabean in Brazil and Argentina (Brown and Rodrigues, 2017). The virus is transmitted in a non-persistent manner by the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. CPMMV is considered endemic to Africa, but has spread to India, South-East Asia, South America, the Caribbean, Puerto Rico and Mexico. Introduction of the virus to Puerto Rico, and possibly also Mexico, is thought to have been through infected seed from South America and perhaps Africa. The virus poses a threat to soyabean production in the USA and, if introduced into mainland USA, CPMMV has potential to spread through seed, on infected ornamental or vegetable transplants, and by the viruliferous whitefly, itself if previously associated with a virus-infected host.

scholarly journals Effects of cowpea mild mottle virus on soybean cultivars in Brazil

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Barreto da Silva ◽  
Cristiane Muller ◽  
Vinicius Henrique Bello ◽  
Luís Fernando Maranho Watanabe ◽  
Bruno Rossitto De Marchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Actual Impact ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Stem Necrosis

Soybean stem necrosis is caused by cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV), transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. CPMMV has already been recorded in all major soybean-producing areas of Brazil. The impacts caused by CPMMV to the current Brazilian soybean production are unknown, thus the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of CPMMV infection on the main important soybean cultivars grown in the Southern and Midwestern regions of Brazil. Although asymptomatic in some of the tested cultivars, CPMMV infection significantly reduced the plant height, the number of pods per plant and the 1,000-grain weight. In addition, estimated yield losses ranged from 174 to 638 kg ha−1, depending on the cultivar. Evidence of seed transmission of CPMMV was observed in the BMX POTÊNCIA RR cultivar. These results suggest that CPMMV could have an important role in the reduction of soybean productivity in Brazil, but symptomless infections might be hiding the actual impact of this pathogen in commercial fields and infected seeds could be the primary inoculum source of the virus in the field.

Control of Winged Waterprimrose (Jussiaea decurrens) and Northern Jointvetch (Aeschynomene virginica) with Fungal Pathogens

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Boyette ◽  
G. E. Templeton ◽  
R. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growing Region

An indigenous, host-specific, pathogenic fungus that parasitizes winged waterprimrose [Jussiaea decurrens(Walt.) DC.] is endemic in the rice growing region of Arkansas. The fungus was isolated and identified asColletotrichum gloeosporioides(Penz.) Sacc. f.sp. jussiaeae(CGJ). It is highly specific for parasitism of winged waterprimrose and not parasitic on creeping waterprimrose (J. repensL. var.glabrescensKtze.), rice (Oryza sativaL.), soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.), or 4 other crops and 13 other weeds. The fungus was physiologically distinct from C.gloeosporioides(Penz.) Sacc. f. sp.aeschynomene(CGA), an endemic anthracnose pathogen of northern jointvetch[Aeschynomene virginica(L.) B.S.P.], as indicated by cross inoculations of both weeds. Culture in the laboratory and inoculation of winged waterprimrose in greenhouse, growth chamber and field experiments indicated that the pathogen was stable, specific, and virulent in a wide range of environments. The pathogen yielded large quantities of spores in liquid culture. It is suitable for control of winged waterprimrose. Winged waterprimrose and northern jointvetch were controlled in greenhouse and field tests by application of spore mixtures of CGJ and CGA at concentrations of 1 to 2 million spores/ml of each fungus in 94 L/ha of water; the fungi did not damage rice or nontarget crops.

scholarly journals Modeling of Yield Losses Caused by Potato Late Blight on Eight Cultivars with Different Levels of Resistance to Phytophthora infestans

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 935-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toky Rakotonindraina ◽  
Jean-Éric Chauvin ◽  
Roland Pellé ◽  
Robert Faivre ◽  
Catherine Chatot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Potato Late Blight ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Predictive Quality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility

The Shtienberg model for predicting yield loss caused by Phytophthora infestans in potato was developed and parameterized in the 1990s in North America. The predictive quality of this model was evaluated in France for a wide range of epidemics under different soil and weather conditions and on cultivars different than those used to estimate its parameters. A field experiment was carried out in 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009 in Brittany, western France to assess late blight severity and yield losses. The dynamics of late blight were monitored on eight cultivars with varying types and levels of resistance. The model correctly predicted relative yield losses (efficiency = 0.80, root mean square error of prediction = 13.25%, and bias = –0.36%) as a function of weather and the observed disease dynamics for a wide range of late blight epidemics. In addition to the evaluation of the predictive quality of the model, this article provides a dataset that describes the development of various late blight epidemics on potato as a function of weather conditions, fungicide regimes, and cultivar susceptibility. Following this evaluation, the Shtienberg model can be used with confidence in research and development programs to better manage potato late blight in France.

scholarly journals The Response of Soybean (glycine max (l.) Meer.) Varieties from the Tropical Region to Five Watering Regimes under a Controlled Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Plant Response ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Transpiration Efficiency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Glycine Max L

In some rice dominated tropical regions, such as in Indonesia, soybeans are an increasingly important dry season crop which are often exposed to periods of drought stress. The morphological and physiological responses, which could lead to some tolerance to water stress, may vary between varieties. By better understanding the plant response to drought stress and finding if these responses vary between varieties better dry season production could be achieved. An experiment was conducted to compare the response of four varieties of soybean (glycine max (l.) Meer.) to five watering regimes, with the objective of determining the response of common soybean varieies across a wide range of water supply. Plant response to water supply was measured using gas exchange measurement with the rate of photo synthesis decreasing progressively from well watered to dry conditions across the four varieties. A correlation of stomatal conductance and transpiration rate has a close relationship with photosynthetic rate, where stomatal conductance of Burangrang variety has higher value than other varieties. Varieties Burangrang and Argomulyo stomatal conductances are higher value than those of Anjasmoro and Grobogan varieties. In a deficit of water condition, the Argomulyo varieties have a higher value of transpiration efficiency and significantly different than the other three varieties. The transpiration efficiency significantly declined for treatments watered once every two or three weeks. The transpiration efficiency values of Agromulyo and Burangrang varieties were significantly higher than another varieties.

Biology and management of Echinochloa colona and E. crus-galli in the northern grain regions of Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asad Shabbir ◽  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan ◽  
Michael J. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Fallow Management ◽  
Current Information ◽  
Wide Range

Echinochloa colona and E. crus-galli are two important annual grass weeds distributed throughout the summer cropping regions of Australia. Both species are highly problematic weeds, responsible for yield losses of up to 50% in summer grain crops. The success of Echinochloa species as weeds is attributed to their rapid growth, prolific seed production, seed dormancy and adaptability to a wide range of environments. Importantly, E. colona has evolved resistance to glyphosate in Australia, with resistant populations now widespread across the summer cropping regions. Fallow management of E. colona with glyphosate alone is risky in terms of increasing the chance of resistance and highly unsustainable; other control strategies (residual herbicides, strategic tillage, etc.) should be considered to complement herbicides. This review provides a summary of current information on the biology, ecology and management of Echinochloa species. The knowledge gaps and research opportunities identified will have pragmatic implications for the management of these species in Australian grain cropping systems.

scholarly journals Influence of Cowpea Mottle Virus and Cucumber Mosaic Virus on the Growth and Yield of Six Lines of Soybean (Glycine Max L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olawale Arogundade ◽  
Olusegun Samuel Balogun ◽  
Olumide Shokalu ◽  
Taiye Hussein Aliyu
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Glycine Max L

scholarly journals Distribution, Pathogenicity, and Interactions of Two Strains of Rice yellow mottle virus in Forested and Savanna Zones of West Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N'Guessan ◽  
A. Pinel ◽  
A. A. Sy ◽  
A. Ghesquière ◽  
D. Fargette
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Rice Yellow Mottle Virus ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
The West ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Yellow Mottle ◽  
The Impact

In Côte d'Ivoire, the S2 strain of Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) predominated in the forested zones, including the “rice belt” to the west, in each of the cropping systems where rice was grown. The S1 strain occurred more frequently in the northern Guinean savanna, and only S1 isolates were found further north in the Sahelo-Soudanian zones. In mixed infection, S2 dominated over S1 both in viral capsid and RNA contents under temperature regimes encompassing those observed in savanna and forested zones of Côte d'Ivoire. There was no evidence of interactions in virus accumulation between the West African strains S1 or S2 with the more distantly related East African strain S4. Field trials emphasized the impact of RYMV, which induced yield losses of 40 to 60% in several widely grown cultivars of Oryza sativa indica and O. sativa japonica. We report the high resistance of the O. indica cv. Gigante under field conditions which was apparent with all the S1 and S2 isolates tested. Responses to RYMV infection of several cultivars were isolate dependent. With most differential cultivars, responses were not strain specific, with the exception of the O. japonica cv. Idsa6, in which the S2 isolates always induced higher yield losses than the S1 isolates.

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