Weed science as a new discipline and its status in some South Asian universities and colleges: examples from Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal and Pakistan.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (017) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Nonformal Education ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Weed Science ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The Many

Abstract Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy and livelihood in South Asia. Of the many biotic stresses in agriculture, weeds pose a continuous threat and cause considerable yield losses in the major crops. In the past, ample human labour was available for weed management in South Asia. However, in recent years, there has been a steady decline in labour availability in this region due to migration to other better-paying sectors. Thus, farmers are rapidly adopting less labour-intensive, chemical weed control methods. Adoption of chemical control methods requires formal and nonformal education in herbicide mode of action, safety and weed biology. We emphasize that sound formal and nonformal education in weed science is thus a necessity for this region as adoption of herbicides increases. In this paper, we review existing problems with weeds, current weed management options, herbicide use trends and development of curricula in weed science in academic institutions in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal and Pakistan. We emphasize that herbicide resistance management programmes need to be developed before it becomes a major problem in the region.

Modeling Glyphosate Resistance Management Strategies for Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Cotton

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Neve ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Kenneth L. Smith ◽  
Ian A. Zelaya
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Resistance Risk ◽  
Resistance Evolution

A simulation model is used to explore management options to mitigate risks of glyphosate resistance evolution in Palmer amaranth in glyphosate-resistant cotton in the southern United States. Our first analysis compares risks of glyphosate resistance evolution for seven weed-management strategies in continuous glyphosate-resistant cotton monoculture. In the “worst-case scenario” with five applications of glyphosate each year and no other herbicides applied, evolution of glyphosate resistance was predicted in 74% of simulated populations. In other strategies, glyphosate was applied with various combinations of preplant, PRE, and POST residual herbicides. The most effective strategy included four glyphosate applications with a preplant fomesafen application, and POST tank mixtures of glyphosate plusS-metolachlor followed by glyphosate plus flumioxazin. This strategy reduced the resistance risk to 12% of populations. A second series of simulations compared strategies where glyphosate-resistant cotton was grown in one-to-one rotations with corn or cotton with other herbicide resistance traits. In general, crop rotation reduced risks of resistance by approximately 50% and delayed the evolution of resistance by 2 to 3 yr. These analyses demonstrate that risks of glyphosate resistance evolution in Palmer amaranth can be reduced by reducing glyphosate use within and among years, controlling populations with diverse herbicide modes of action, and ensuring that population size is kept low. However, no strategy completely eliminated the risk of glyphosate resistance.

scholarly journals Managing Wicked Herbicide-Resistance: Lessons from the Field

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Schroeder ◽  
Michael Barrett ◽  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Amy B. Asmus ◽  
Harold Coble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Many

AbstractHerbicide resistance is ‘wicked’ in nature; therefore, results of the many educational efforts to encourage diversification of weed control practices in the United States have been mixed. It is clear that we do not sufficiently understand the totality of the grassroots obstacles, concerns, challenges, and specific solutions needed for varied crop production systems. Weed management issues and solutions vary with such variables as management styles, regions, cropping systems, and available or affordable technologies. Therefore, to help the weed science community better understand the needs and ideas of those directly dealing with herbicide resistance, seven half-day regional listening sessions were held across the United States between December 2016 and April 2017 with groups of diverse stakeholders on the issues and potential solutions for herbicide resistance management. The major goals of the sessions were to gain an understanding of stakeholders and their goals and concerns related to herbicide resistance management, to become familiar with regional differences, and to identify decision maker needs to address herbicide resistance. The messages shared by listening-session participants could be summarized by six themes: we need new herbicides; there is no need for more regulation; there is a need for more education, especially for others who were not present; diversity is hard; the agricultural economy makes it difficult to make changes; and we are aware of herbicide resistance but are managing it. The authors concluded that more work is needed to bring a community-wide, interdisciplinary approach to understanding the complexity of managing weeds within the context of the whole farm operation and for communicating the need to address herbicide resistance.

Control of an Aerial Manipulator With an On-Board Balancing Mechanism

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jameson Y. Lee ◽  
Zachary Cook ◽  
Alexander Barzilov ◽  
Woosoon Yim
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Control ◽  
Disturbance Rejection ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Aerial Manipulation ◽  
Single Body ◽  
Aerial Manipulator ◽  
The Many ◽  
Aerial Systems ◽  
Rotor Control

Multirotor Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) are highly mobile in flight and possess stable hovering capabilities. Because of their unique flight characteristics, the utilization of the platform for active tasks such as aerial manipulation is highly attractive. Much work has been done in recent years towards the implementation of multirotor for aerial manipulation, however, progress in the field has been slow due to the many challenges involved in the implementation of robust rotor control. In an attempt to reduce the effects of the manipulator, a technique for disturbance rejection using a novel balancing mechanism is proposed. In this paper, the dynamic equations of a coupled multirotor and manipulator are analyzed as a single body for use in the attitude control of the platform. By mounting the mechanism, the platform effectively gains marginal control over the positioning of its center of gravity relative to a body fixed frame. It can be shown that the increased mobility can be utilized to reduce rotor saturation for any given flight condition and improve the effectiveness of previously developed rotor control methods.

scholarly journals Exploiting Beneficial Pseudomonas spp. for Cannabis Production

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Balthazar ◽  
David L. Joly ◽  
Martin Filion
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Many

Among the oldest domesticated crops, cannabis plants (Cannabis sativa L., marijuana and hemp) have been used to produce food, fiber, and drugs for thousands of years. With the ongoing legalization of cannabis in several jurisdictions worldwide, a new high-value market is emerging for the supply of marijuana and hemp products. This creates unprecedented challenges to achieve better yields and environmental sustainability, while lowering production costs. In this review, we discuss the opportunities and challenges pertaining to the use of beneficial Pseudomonas spp. bacteria as crop inoculants to improve productivity. The prevalence and diversity of naturally occurring Pseudomonas strains within the cannabis microbiome is overviewed, followed by their potential mechanisms involved in plant growth promotion and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Emphasis is placed on specific aspects relevant for hemp and marijuana crops in various production systems. Finally, factors likely to influence inoculant efficacy are provided, along with strategies to identify promising strains, overcome commercialization bottlenecks, and design adapted formulations. This work aims at supporting the development of the cannabis industry in a sustainable way, by exploiting the many beneficial attributes of Pseudomonas spp.

Maize MAIZE YIELD AS AFFECTED BY METHODS OF TILLAGE AND WEED MANAGEMEMNT

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66
Author(s):  
Haseeb Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Maize Crop

An experiment entitled: Maize yield as affected by methods of tillage and weed control methods was conducted at Agronomy Research Farms, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during summer 2016. The study was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement having four replications. Tillage practices 1) Chisel plough + rotavator 2) Mouldboard plough + rotavator 3) Cultivator + rotavator and 4) Rotavator were assigned to main plots. Weed management practices included 1) Control, 2) Hoeing 15 days after sowing 3) Hoeing 15 and 30 days after sowing 4) Hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing, and 4) Herbicide (nicosulfuron) were kept into the subplots. The results revealed that chisel plough + rotavator has significantly reduced weeds m-2 (122, 101 and 125 weeds m-2), weeds fresh weight (19.73 g m-2, 116.35 g m-2 and 252.56 g m-2) and weeds dry weight (6.83 g m-2, 38.69 g m-2 and 80.61 g m-2) at 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing, respectively. The operation of chisel plough + rotavator has produced tallest plants (221.22 cm) with maximum grain rows ear-1 (16), grain yield (3586 kg ha-1) and shelling percentage (78.14%). Among weed control methods, hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing revealed maximum plant height (226.41 cm), grain rows ear-1 (16), grain yield (3604 kg ha-1) and shelling percentage (79.11%). All weed control methods have showed significant reduction in weeds m-2, weeds fresh weight and weeds dry weight. Interaction was also found significant for weeds m-2 at 60 DAS and grain yield of maize. Lowest weeds (56 weeds m-2) at 60 DAS and highest grain yield (4569 kg ha-1) was recorded when seedbed was prepared with chisel plough + rotavator with 3 hoeings (hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing). It is concluded that treatment of chisel plough + rotavator and hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing has significantly produced maximum grain yield of maize crop.

Dynamics of canopy‐dwelling arthropods under different weed management options, including glyphosate, in conventional and genetically modified insect‐resistant maize

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban García‐Ruiz ◽  
Guillermo Cobos ◽  
Ismael Sánchez‐Ramos ◽  
Susana Pascual ◽  
María‐Cristina Chueca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Insect Resistant

scholarly journals Benefits and Limitations of Decision Support Systems (DSS) with a Special Emphasis on Weeds

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Kanatas ◽  
Ilias S. Travlos ◽  
Ioannis Gazoulis ◽  
Alexandros Tataridas ◽  
Anastasia Tsekoura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support Systems ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Management Options ◽  
The Right

Decision support systems (DSS) have the potential to support farmers to make the right decisions in weed management. DSSs can select the appropriate herbicides for a given field and suggest the minimum dose rates for an herbicide application that can result in optimum weed control. Given that the adoption of DSSs may lead to decreased herbicide inputs in crop production, their potential for creating eco-friendly and profitable weed management strategies is obvious and desirable for the re-designing of farming systems on a more sustainable basis. Nevertheless, it is difficult to stimulate farmers to use DSSs as it has been noticed that farmers have different expectations of decision-making tools depending on their farming styles and usual practices. The function of DSSs requires accurate assessments of weeds within a field as input data; however, capturing the data can be problematic. The development of future DSSs should target to enhance weed management tactics which are less reliant on herbicides. DSSs should also provide information regarding weed seedbank dynamics in the soil in order to suggest management options not only within a single period but also in a rotational view. More aspects ought to be taken into account and further research is needed in order to optimize the practical use of DSSs for supporting farmers regarding weed management issues in various crops and under various soil and climatic conditions.

Weed Science in the 1990s: Will It be Forward or in Reverse?

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homer M. Lebaron
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
American Chemical Society ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Weed Science ◽  
Scientific Publications

Dr. Homer M. LeBaron is Senior Research Fellow in the New Technology and Basic Research Department of CIBA-GEIGY Corporation, where He has the responsibility for coordinating and directing outside basic research on all of CIBA-GEIGY agricultural products. He has been employed in various R&D positions with Geigy and CIBA-GEIGY for 27 years. From 1960 to 1964, Dr. LeBaron was employed as a plant physiologist at the Virginia Tech Experiment Station in Norfolk, Virginia, mainly researching weed problems in vegetables and fruit crops.LeBaron was born May 13, 1926 in Southern Alberta, Canada, the third in a family of 10 children, and grew up on a diversified irrigation farm. He obtained his B.S. and M.S. degrees from Utah State University in 1955 and 1957. He received his Ph.D. degree from Cornell in 1960.LeBaron, in addition to WSSA, is a member of the American Society of Agronomy, American Chemical Society, Entomological Society of America, American Phytopathological Society, CAST, Sigma Xi, Aquatic Plant Management Society, European Weed Research Society, and all of the regional weed science societies.He has held numerous positions in several of these and other scientific societies. Homer served as president of NEWSS in 1969–70 and as president of the SWSS in 1986–87. He served on several WSSA committees, including the Executive Board of Directors. In 1978, Dr. LeBaron was elected a Fellow in the WSSA, and received the Distinguished Service Award in the SWSS in 1984.He is author of over 70 scientific publications, and has been editor and author of five books on herbicide and pesticide resistance and biotechnology. He is currently serving on the parent Herbicide Resistance Action Committee (HRAC) under GIFAP, as well as on the ALS/AHAS Inhibitors Resistance Working Group and as Chairman of the Triazine Resistance Working Group. He is on the Planning Committee and Co-Chair of the Weed Resistance Management Working Group within the International Organization for Pest Resistance Management (IOPRM). In addition to his busy professional schedule, Dr. LeBaron has always been involved in church and community affairs. He has 7 children and 20 grandchildren.

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