scholarly journals An integrated approach to identification and conservation of medicinal plants in the tropical forest—a Brazilian experience

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Claudio Di Stasi
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
Toxicological Studies

An integrated and interdisciplinary research programme with native medicinal plants from tropical forests has been performed in order to obtain new forest products for sustainable use in regional markets vis-à-vis ecosystem conservation. For the success of this programme ethnopharmacological studies are very important with respect to (i) identification of useful plants including medicinal and aromatic species; (ii) recuperation and preservation of traditional knowledge about native plants; and (iii) identification of potential plants with economic value. The plants are selected with a view to evaluate efficacy and safety (pharmacological and toxicological studies), and phytochemical profile and quality control (phytochemical and chromatographic characterization). These studies are very important to add value to plant products and also to mitigate unscrupulous exploitation of medicinal plants by local communities, since multiple use of plants represents an excellent strategy for sustaining the tropical ecosystem through ex situ and in situ conservation. Thus, conservation of tropical resources is possible in conjunction with improvements in the quality of life of the traditional communities and production of new products with therapeutic, cosmetic and ‘cosmeceutic’ value.

scholarly journals Ethnobotanical study on Sustainable use of Non-Timber Forest Products and their Source Plant Species contribute to balance Livelihood and Conservation: a case of Sera Forest, Amigna District, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leul Kidane ◽  
Abu Balke Balke
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Local Source ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Ethnobotanical Study ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products

Abstract Background: Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) do have significant role as local source for medicine, fiber, forage and sustenance and offer income opportunities for poverty mitigation mainly in rural families. Sustainable use of NTFPs is imperative so, this study was focused on the documentation of plant species used for NTFPs and their conservation status in Sera forest. Methods: The study applied a combination of plant ecological and ethnobotanical methods. Ethnobotanical data were gathered through semi-structured questionnaires and interviews which involved 230 (206 randomly sampled general and 24 purposively selected key informants); group discussion, guided field walk and market survey. Data were analyzed and presented using analytical methods of ethnobotany including descriptive statistics, informant consensus factor (ICF) and ranking. Results: A total of 137 plant species belonging to 49 families used as a source of NTFPs were documented from the study area. In addition, 11 major use categories of the NTFPs were identified. Out of these, medicine, fire wood and charcoal making and construction materials were the most dominant uses requiring large volume of NTFPs in the study area. The output of direct matrix ranking of plant species used for multipurpose revealed - Hagenia abyssinica ranked first followed by Olea europaea ssp cuspidata, Grewia mollis, Croton macrostachyus, Ximenia americana and Carissa spinarum. Hence, local communities of the study area possess rich potential indigenous knowledge that helped to use their natural resources for sustainable livelihood. Conclusions: Sera forest is rich in NTFPs bearing plants and associated indigenous conservation knowledge. However, nowadays illegal timber extractions, grazing, over harvesting NTFPs, farm expansion and fire hazards were found to be threatening of the plant resources in the study area. Therefore, awareness creation on complementary conservation (in-situ and ex-situ) and sustainable use of plant resources of the area for higher livelihood outcomes with lower environmental impacts is desirable.

scholarly journals Angiospermic flora of Gafargaon upazila of Mymensingh district focusing on medicinally important species

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-283
Author(s):  
M. Oliur Rahman ◽  
Nusrat Jahan Sayma ◽  
Momtaz Begum
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Rauvolfia Serpentina ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Holarrhena Antidysenterica ◽  
Cardamine Flexuosa ◽  
Ocimum Tenuiflorum

Gafargaon upazila has been floristically explored to identify and assess the angiospermic flora that resulted in occurrence of 203 taxa under 174 genera and 75 families. Magnoliopsida is represented by 167 taxa under 140 genera and 62 families, while Liliopsida is constituted by 36 taxa belonging to 34 genera and 13 families. Vegetation analysis shows that herbs are represented by 106 taxa, shrubs 35, trees 54, and climbers by 8 species. In Magnoliopsida, Solanaceae is the largest family possessing 10 species, whereas in Liliopsida, Poaceae is the largest family with 12 species. The study has identified 45 medicinal plants which are used for treatment of over 40 diseases including diabetes, ulcer, diarrhoea, dysentery, fever, cold and cough, menstrual problems, blood pressure and urinary disorders by the local people. Some noticeable medicinal plants used in primary healthcare are Abroma augusta (L.) L.f., Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt., Commelina benghalensis L., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Holarrhena antidysenterica Flem., Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) A. DC., Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) Robinson, Ocimum tenuiflorum L. and Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. A few number of species are also employed in cultural festivals in the study area. Cardamine flexuosa With., Oxystelma secamone (L.) Karst., Phaulopsis imbricata (Forssk.) Sweet, Piper sylvaticum Roxb., Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers and Trema orientalis L. have been found to be rare in the investigated area. In order to preserve botanical resources of Gafargaon upazila, particularly the rare, threatened and medicinal plants, conservation measures need to be undertaken through both in-situ and ex-situ methods for their sustainable use.

scholarly journals New Forest Code effects over smallholder’s intention to trade non-timber forest products

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Dantas Brites
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Forest Code ◽  
New Forest ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
Economic Use

Abstract. Brites AD. 2020. New Forest Code effects over smallholder’s intention to trade non-timber forest products. Asian J For 21: 41-45. The Brazilian new Forest Code (NFC) allows the sustainable economic use of one of its main mechanisms for native vegetation protection: the Legal Reserves. Smallholders' intention to trade non-timber forest products (NTFP) from such areas was accessed. Data were collected through 350 in-person surveys in two municipalities from Bahia, Brazil. Outcomes showed that more than half of the respondents do not intend to trade NTFP from their Legal Reserve areas and, the lack of knowledge about the process to obtain government permission for the economic use of these areas, was the main reason gave to justify it. Further, higher household incomes showed a negative correlation with the intention. Incentives from public or private policies and dissemination about the steps needed to obtain permission for Legal Reserve’s sustainable use are needed for engaging smallholders in NTFP trade. With these incentives, it would be possible to increase the NFC potential for adding economic value to the protected native vegetation and for linking conservation with the economic development of rural areas inhabitants. Thus, these outcomes add up to previous findings of the benefits of NTFP trade, and in terms of practice and policy, they can help in the development of environmental policies that incentivize the NTFP trade, contributing to increase landholders’ incomes and to the NFC compliance.

Non-timber forest product importance for rural household well-being in four coastal communities in Oaxaca, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-407
Author(s):  
H.C. Zamora-Maldonado ◽  
V.S. Avila-Foucat
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rural Household ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
High Degree

Rural household livelihoods usually depend on the use of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) as a strategy for income diversification and survival. Thus, this research seeks to determine the role played by NTFPs at the household level. A survey was conducted with 212 households in four localities with a high degree of marginalization, located on the South Pacific coast of Mexico in Oaxaca State. The results show that, firstly, NTFPs are used by all households, even the wealthiest families, and that the most important products used are fuelwood and medicinal plants. Secondly, the findings indicate that the collection and self-consumption of fuelwood and medicinal plants by households with lower incomes generate savings of at least 20% of their total annual gross income. Thirdly, for the majority of the surveyed households (90%), NTFPs are perceived as important for their well-being. This could be due to traditional or cultural attachment to ancestral practices, such as the use of fuelwood for cooking traditional food and the collection of medicinal plants. Finally, NTFP use is a livelihood diversification strategy and promotes the objective and subjective well-being of rural households. Social and environmental policies need to consider the potential of NTFPs for poverty alleviation and rural development through sustainable use and coordinated actions.

scholarly journals Challenges for Evaluation of the Safety of Engineered Nanomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Linda J. Johnston ◽  
Norma Gonzalez-Rojano ◽  
Kevin J. Wilkinson ◽  
Baoshan Xing
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Regulatory Guidelines ◽  
Significant Effort ◽  
Safe By Design

Abstract Nanotechnology has developed rapidly in the last two decades with significant effort focused on the development of nano-enabled materials with new or improved properties that offer solutions for current world challenges. The commercialization of products containing engineered nanomaterials (ENM) has progressed much more rapidly than the development of practical approaches to ensure their safe and sustainable use. The lack of adequate detection and characterization techniques and reproducible and validated methods for toxicological studies have been identified as major limitations. The rapid development of ENM of increasing complexity and diversity and concerns over the adequacy of existing regulations also contribute to safety concerns with these materials. The full potential of nanotechnology can only be realized when feasible, cost-effective strategies to ensure a safe-by-design approach, effective risk assessment approaches and appropriate regulatory guidelines are in place.

scholarly journals Implications for Sustainability of the Joint Application of Bioeconomy and Circular Economy: A Worldwide Trend Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7182
Author(s):  
Emilio Abad-Segura ◽  
Ana Batlles-delaFuente ◽  
Mariana-Daniela González-Zamar ◽  
Luis Jesús Belmonte-Ureña
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Bibliometric Review ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Impact

The joint application of bioeconomy (BE) and circular economy (CE) promotes the sustainable use of natural resources, since by applying a systemic approach, it improves the efficiency of these resources and reduces the impact on the environment. Both strategies, which belong to the area of green economy, provide a global and integrated approach towards environmental sustainability, as regards the extraction of biological materials, the protection of biodiversity and even the primary function of food production in agriculture. The objective was to analyze the implications for sustainability of BE and CE joint application. A systematic and bibliometric review has been applied to a sample of 1961 articles, selected from the period 2004–May 2021. A quantitative and qualitative advance is observed in this field of study. The expansion of scientific production is due to its multidisciplinary nature, since it implies technical, environmental and economic knowledge. The main contribution of this study is to understand the state of research on the implications for sustainability that BE and CE have when combined, in relation to their evolution, the scientific collaboration between the main driving agents, and the identification of the main lines of research developed.

Tourism revenue-sharing around national parks in Western Uganda: early efforts to identify and reward local communities

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Archabald ◽  
Lisa Naughton-Treves
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Western Uganda ◽  
Tourism Revenue

Throughout much of the tropics, human-wildlife conflict impedes local support for national parks. By channelling tourism revenue to local residents, conservationists hope to offset wildlife costs and improve local attitudes toward conservation. To date tourism revenue-sharing (TRS) programmes have met mixed success. Local conditions and national policies that shape the success of TRS programmes were identified by comparing the experiences of both implementers and beneficiaries of pilot TRS programmes at three parks in western Uganda. Between 1995 and 1998, communities around these parks used a total of US $83 000 of tourism revenue to build 21 schools, four clinics, one bridge, and one road. In 1996, the Ugandan parliament passed legislation that changed both the amount of money available for TRS and the institutions responsible for sharing the money. The programme was suspended at all three parks while the implementing agency (Uganda Wildlife Authority) struggled to design a programme that complied with the new legislation. TRS funds collected before 1996 were shared through 1998, but since then no revenue has been shared. However, a revised TRS programme is expected to resume in 2001. In semi-structured interviews, both implementers and beneficiaries evaluated local TRS programmes and compared them to other benefit-sharing projects, particularly those promoting sustainable use of non-timber products within park boundaries (n = 44). Both groups of respondents listed revenue-sharing as the most important advantage of living next to a national park. Seventy-two per cent of respondents indicated that they thought TRS had improved attitudes towards the protected areas, and 53% thought TRS was more important then sustainable use of non-timber forest products. Although respondents were generally positive about TRS, in informal discussions respondents repeatedly mentioned four potential obstacles to TRS success, namely poorly defined TRS policies and unsteady implementing institutions, corruption, inadequate funds, and numerous stakeholders with differing priorities. From this survey and literature from experiences in other African countries, there are four key components of successful revenue-sharing programmes: long-term institutional support, appropriate identification of the target community and project type, transparency and accountability, and adequate funding. With firm institutional support and realistic expectations, TRS can play an important role in improving local attitudes towards conservation.

scholarly journals Challenges and Prospects of Using Treated Wastewater to Manage Water Scarcity Crises in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1971
Author(s):  
Asad Sarwar Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Gcc Countries ◽  
The World

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are located in the driest part of the world with an annual per capita water availability of 500 m3 compared to the world average of 6000 m3. Agricultural water demand, which is more than 80% of the total water consumption, is primarily met through the massive exploitation of groundwater. The enormous imbalance between groundwater discharge (27.8 billion m3) and recharge (5.3 billion m3) is causing the excessive lowering of groundwater levels. Therefore, GCC countries are investing heavily in the production of nonconventional water resources such as desalination of seawater and treated wastewater. Currently, 439 desalination plants are annually producing 5.75 billion m3 of desalinated water in the GCC countries. The annual wastewater collection is about 4.0 billion m3, of which 73% is treated with the help of 300 wastewater treatment plants. Despite extreme water poverty, only 39% of the treated wastewater is reused, and the remaining is discharged into the sea. The treated wastewater (TWW) is used for the landscape, forestry, and construction industries. However, its reuse to irrigate food and forage crops is restricted due to health, social, religious, and environmental concerns. Substantial research evidence exists that treated wastewater can safely be used to grow food and forage crops under the agroclimatic conditions of the GCC countries by adopting appropriate management measures. Therefore, GCC countries should work on increasing the use of TWW in the agriculture sector. Increased use of TWW in agriculture can significantly reduce the pressure on freshwater resources. For this purpose, a comprehensive awareness campaign needs to be initiated to address the social and religious concerns of farming communities and consumers. Several internal and external risks can jeopardize the sustainable use of treated wastewater in the GCC countries. These include climate change, increasing costs, technological and market-driven changes, and regional security issues. Therefore, effective response mechanisms should be developed to mitigate future risks and threats. For this purpose, an integrated approach involving all concerned local and regional stakeholders needs to be adopted.

Sustainable use of wildlife in western New South Wales: Possibilities and problems.

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
DB Croft
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Wildlife Tourism ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Wild Progenitors ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable ◽  
New Evidence

Sustainable use of wildlife has become equated with exploitation of animal products (meat, skin or feathers) and/or removal of wild progenitors into the pet trade. This consumption of the wildlife is therefore largely ex situ and so removes nutrients and energy from the rangelands. Demand for lethal or a removal action is often driven by the severity of the perceived conflict between the wildlife and other enterprises, especially agriculture, rather than for the resulting products. Such uses also raise community concerns about humane treatment of animals and a valuing of the natural heritage. Wildlife-based tourism, as part of the valuable and growing nature-based or ecotourism industry in Australia, is an in situ use that may be a more ecologically sustainable and economically twble option for use of rangeland wildlife. This paper examines these possibilities and their problems with a focus on the commercial kangaroo industry and the use of arid-zone mammals, birds and reptiles for pets. It provides new evidence that wildlife-tourism based on free-living kangaroos in the rangelands is both feasible and in demand. This industry should be given advocacy in the on-going debate on the management and future of the rangelands. Key words: kangaroos, wildlife management, wildlife tourism, game harvesting

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