scholarly journals Diet, nutrition and the prevention of osteoporosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (1a) ◽  
pp. 227-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Prentice
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral Status

AbstractObjective:To review the evidence on diet and nutrition relating to osteoporosis and provide recommendations for preventing osteoporosis, in particular, osteopototic fracture.Approach:Firstly, to review the definition, diagnosis and epidemiology of osteoporosis, to discuss the difficulties in using bone mineral density to define osteoporosis risk in a world-wide context and to propose that fragility fracture should be considered as the disease endpoint. Secondly, to provide an overview of the scientific data, the strengths and weaknesses of the evidence and the conceptual difficulties in interpreting studies linking diet, nutrition and osteoporosis. The following were considered: calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus, magnesium, protein and fluorine. Other potential dietary influences on bone health were also discussed, including vitamins, trace elements, electrolytes, acid–base balance, phyto-oestrogens, vegetarianism and lactose intolerance.Conclusions:There is insufficient knowledge linking bone mineral status, growth rates or bone turnover in children and adolescents to long-term benefits in old age for these indices to be used as markers of osteoporotic disease risk. For adults, the evidence of a link between intakes of any dietary component and fracture risk is not sufficiently secure to make firm recommendations, with the exception of calcium and vitamin D. For other aspects of the diet, accumulating evidence suggests that current healthy-eating advice to decrease sodium intake, to increase potassium intake, and to consume more fresh fruits and vegetables is unlikely to be detrimental to bone health and may be beneficial.

scholarly journals The influence of habitual salt intake on bone remodelling in young healthy people

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Erna Davidović-Cvetko ◽  
Anita Matić ◽  
Jasminka Milas-Ahić ◽  
Ines Drenjančević
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Bone Remodelling ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mineral Density

Introduction: Sodium alters calcium metabolism by increasing calcium excretion, thus possibly influencing bone metabolism. The hypothesis of the present study is that amount of dietary sodium intake affects the bone remodelling. This study aimed to assess whether a habitual intake of sodium has an effect on peak bone mass and biochemical indicators of bone metabolism. Subjects and Methods: In a cross-sectional study that involved 41 young men and women, six biochemical markers were assessed from blood samples using ELISA: osteocalcin, C-terminal procollagen type I peptide, receptor activator kappa B ligand, pyridinoline, parathyroid hormone, and osteoprotegerin, while bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Subjects were divided into two groups according to habitual sodium intake (low-Na and high-Na group) assessed by questionnaire. Results: No difference was found between groups of low and high Na intake in BMD and BMC, or in biochemical markers of bone metabolism. Since the groups differed in Ca intake, energy and vitamin D, adjustments were made for those cofounders. Regression analysis showed that only the dietary intake of vitamin D was associated with dual femur BMD and BMC, and no correlation was found between bone remodelling indicators and Na intake after adjustment for vitamin D intake. Conclusion: The present results could not confirm that habitual sodium intake above recommended levels affects bone remodelling processes or decreases bone mineral density in young healthy people if combined with adequate calcium intake.

scholarly journals Vitamin D deficiency and low bone status in adult female garment factory workers in Bangladesh

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 1322-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Zahirul Islam ◽  
Abu Ahmed Shamim ◽  
Virpi Kemi ◽  
Antti Nevanlinna ◽  
Mohammad Akhtaruzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral Status ◽  
Garment Factory ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean

The manufacture of garments is the main industry in Bangladesh and employs 1·6 million female workers. Due to the indoor lifestyle and low dietary intake of calcium, we hypothesised that they are at risk of low vitamin D and bone mineral status. Two hundred female garment workers (aged 18–36 years) were randomly selected. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25OHD), serum intact parathyroid hormone (S-iPTH), serum calcium (S-Ca), serum phosphate (S-P) concentration and serum alkaline phosphatase activity (S-ALP) were measured from fasting samples. Bone indexes of hip and spine were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The mean S-25OHD (36·7 nmol/l) was low compared to that recommended for vitamin D sufficiency. About 16 % of the subjects were found to be vitamin D-deficient (S-25OHD < 25 nmol/l). We observed a high prevalence (88·5 %) of vitamin D insufficiency (S-25OHD < 50 nmol/l) as well as a significant inverse relationship between S-25OHD and S-iPTH (r − 0·25, P ≤ 0·001). A decrease in S-25OHD ( < 38 nmol/l) and an increase in S-iPTH (>21 ng/l) was associated with progressive reduction in bone mineral density at the femoral neck and lumbar spine. According to the WHO criteria, the mean T-score of the femoral neck and lumbar spine of the subjects were within osteopenic range. We observed that subjects with a bone mineral density T-score < − 2·5 had a trend of lower values of BMI, waist–hip circumference, mid-upper-arm circumference, S-25OHD and higher S-iPTH and S-ALP. The high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and low bone mineral density among these subjects are indicative of higher risk for osteomalacia or osteoporosis and fracture.

scholarly journals Bone Health in a Nonjaundiced Population of Children with Biliary Atresia

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Kramer ◽  
Babette S. Zemel ◽  
Jessica L. Arvay-Nezu ◽  
Virginia A. Stallings ◽  
Mary B. Leonard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Biliary Atresia ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral Status ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Older Subjects

Objectives. To assess bone health in a cohort of nonjaundiced children with biliary atresia (BA) and the effect of growth and development on bone outcomes.Methods. Children ages one to eighteen years receiving care from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia were recruited. Each child was seen once and assessed for growth, pubertal development, concurrent medications, bilirubin, ALT, albumin, vitamin D status, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) of the lumbar spine and whole body.Results. BMD declined significantly with age, and upon further analysis with a well-phenotyped control cohort, it was found that BMC was significantly decreased for both lumbar spine and whole body, even after adjustment for confounding variables. An age interaction was identified, with older subjects having a significantly greater impairment in BMC.Conclusions. These preliminary results demonstrate that children with BA, including those without jaundice, are likely to have compromised bone health even when accounting for height and puberty, which are common confounding factors in chronic disease. Further investigation is needed to identify the determinants of poor bone mineral status and to develop strategies to prevent osteoporosis later in life.

scholarly journals Bone Health in Relation to Vitamin-D Status and Serum Adipokines in Obese Egyptian Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1379-1388
Author(s):  
Maged A. El Wakeel ◽  
Manal A. Shehata ◽  
Ghada M. El-Kassas ◽  
Hend H. Mostafa ◽  
Essam M. Galal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
The Impact

Childhood obesity has been linked to an increase in fracture risk, so the impact of obesity on bone metabolism is becoming a focus of attention to identify factors that may affect bone health in obese children. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH) D], adipokines and bone status in obese children. This case control study was executed in the Child Health Clinic in Medical and Scientific Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre (NRC), 100 obese and 80 non-obese age- and sex-matched children were enrolled in our study with mean age of (10.12±2.34 & 9.62±1.67 years) respectively. Anthropometric measurements, femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and its Z-score, bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in relation to body weight (kg), we also determined serum 25(OH) D, adiponectin, leptin and lipid profile. HOMA-IR was calculated to assess insulin resistance. It was found that BMC and BMD Z-score adjusted for weight were significantly lower in obese children as compared to controls (all p<0.05). Obese children had lower levels of 25(OH) D and adiponectin (P<0.01), while higher levels of leptin, total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) compared to controls (P<0.01). Both BMC and BMD Z-score showed positive association with 25(OH) D and adiponectin (P<0.01) and negative association with HOMA-IR, TG and TC (P<0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that 25(OH) D was the most effective factor predicting BMD Z-score and BMC in obese children. It is concluded that, obesity is negatively related to bone health in childhood. Those obese children are at increased risk for vitamin D insufficiency, which shows an obvious relationship to lower bone mass, raising the question of supplementation to prevent the deleterious effect of its deficiency on bones and reducing future risk of fracture and osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Bone Health Status of Malaysian Pre-adolescent Children in the PREBONE-kids Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung Yuan Chang ◽  
Kanimolli Arasu ◽  
Soon Yee Wong ◽  
Shu Hwa Ong ◽  
Wai Yew Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D

Abstract Background: Modifiable lifestyle factors and body composition can affect the attainment of peak bone mass during childhood. This study performed a cross-sectional analysis of the determinants of bone health among pre-adolescent Malaysian children with habitually low calcium intakes and vitamin D status in Kuala Lumpur (PREBONE-Kids Study). Methods: Body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) at the lumbar spine (LS) and total body (TB) were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Calcium intake was assessed using 1-week diet history, MET (metabolic equivalent of task) score using cPAQ questionnaire, and serum 25(OH) vitamin D using LC-MS/MS. Results: The mean calcium intake was 348.8 ± 180.1 mg/day and mean serum 25-OH vitamin D level was 43.9 ± 14.5nmol/L. In boys, lean mass (LM) was significantly associated with LSBMC (β = 0.539, p<0.001), LSBMD (β=0.607, p<0.001), TBBMC (β=0.675, p<0.001) and TBBMD (β= 0.481, p<0.01). Height was significantly associated with LSBMC (β =0.346, p<0.001) and TBBMC (β =0.282, p<0.001) while fat mass (FM) (β=0.261, p=0.034) and MET score (β =0.163, p=0.026) were significant predictors of TBBMD. Among girls, LM was significantly associated with LSBMC (β = 0.620, p<0.001), LSBMD (β=0.700, p<0.001), TBBMC (β=0.542, p<0.001) and TBBMD (β= 0.747, p<0.001). Calcium intake was a significant predictor of LSBMC (β=0.102, p=0.034), TBBMC (β=0.122, p<0.001) and TBBMD (β=0.196, p=0.002) in girls. Lean mass (LM) was weakly correlated with MET scores (r = 0.205, p = 0.001) but not protein (r = 0.055, p = 0.393) or energy intake (r = 0.101, p = 0.117). MET score (β = 0.207, p = 0.043) was a significant predictor of LM in boys but no factor was found to predict LM in girls. Conclusion: LM is the major determinant of BMC and BMD among pre-adolescent Malaysian children and physical activity is a significant predictor of LM in boys. Encouraging physical activity, calcium intake and optimum diets that build lean body mass should be the focus for developing public health guidance to ensure optimal bone health status during rapid growth.

scholarly journals The role of dietary calcium in bone health

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral Status ◽  
Usual Diet

Approximately 99% of body Ca is found in bone, where it serves a key structural role as a component of hydroxyapatite. Dietary requirements for Ca are determined by the needs for bone development and maintenance, which vary throughout the life stage, with greater needs during the periods of rapid growth in childhood and adolescence, during pregnancy and lactation, and in later life. There is considerable disagreement between expert groups on the daily Ca intake levels that should be recommended, reflecting the uncertainty in the data for establishing Ca requirements. Inadequate dietary Ca in early life impairs bone development, and Ca supplementation of the usual diet for periods of ≤3 years has been shown to enhance bone mineral status in children and adolescents. However, it is unclear whether this benefit is long term, leading to the optimisation of peak bone mass in early adulthood. In later years inadequate dietary Ca accelerates bone loss and may contribute to osteoporosis. Ca supplementation of the usual diet in post-menopausal women and older men has been shown to reduce the rate of loss of bone mineral density at a number of sites over periods of 1–2 years. However, the extent to which this outcome reduces fracture risk needs to be determined. Even allowing for disagreements on recommended intakes, evidence indicates that dietary Ca intake is inadequate for maintenance of bone health in a substantial proportion of some population groups, particularly adolescent girls and older women.

scholarly journals Bone Health, Body Composition, and Vitamin D Status of Black Preadolescent Children in South Africa

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1243
Author(s):  
Zelda White ◽  
Samantha White ◽  
Tasneem Dalvie ◽  
Marlena C. Kruger ◽  
Amanda Van Zyl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
South African ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
African Children ◽  
South African Children

Optimal bone health is important in children to reduce the risk of osteoporosis later in life. Both body composition and vitamin D play an important role in bone health. This study aimed to describe bone health, body composition, and vitamin D status, and the relationship between these among a group of conveniently sampled black preadolescent South African children (n = 84) using a cross-sectional study. Body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) were assessed using dual x-ray absorptiometry. Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (n = 59) were assessed using dried blood spots. A quarter (25%) of children presented with low bone mass density for their chronological age (BMD Z-score < −2) and 7% with low BMC-for-age (BMC Z-score < −2), while only 34% of the children had sufficient vitamin D status (25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/mL). Lean mass was the greatest body compositional determinant for variances observed in bone health measures. Body composition and bone health parameters were not significantly different across vitamin D status groups (p > 0.05), except for lumbar spine bone mineral apparent density (LS-BMAD) (p < 0.01). No association was found between bone parameters at all sites and levels of 25(OH)D (p > 0.05). Further research, using larger representative samples of South African children including all race groups is needed before any conclusions and subsequent recommendation among this population group can be made.

scholarly journals Osteoporosis in Patients With Hemophilia: Single-Center Results From a Middle-Income Country

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 107602961986168
Author(s):  
Serdar Sahin ◽  
Sevil Sadri ◽  
Zafer Baslar ◽  
Muhlis Cem Ar
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
Income Country ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Increased number of patients with hemophilia have been identified to have osteoporosis at early ages. Low bone mineral density in the setting of hemophilia has been associated with decreased mobility, sedentary life style, on demand treatment or delayed prophylaxis, low body weight and viral infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of hemophilia on bone health of adult patients living in a middle income country. A total of 61 adult patients with hemophilia who were followed at the Hematology Department of Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa were consecutively included in this study. Bone health of the patients was assessed using the bone mineral density (BMD) and vitamin D levels. Z and t scores are used for evaluation of BMD in patients with hemophilia aged < 50 and ≥ 50 years, respectively. Information on treatment and co-morbidities including viral diseases were obtained from the medical files of the recruited patients. Bone mineral density was found normal in 30, and low in 29 patients. Vitamin D levels were below 20 ng/ml in 46 patients. No significant relationship was found between the severity of hemophilia and bone density. Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in patients who had a history of joint intervention. Neither annual bleeding rate nor the treatment modality (on demand versus prophylaxis) were associated with the bone mineral density and vitamin D levels. Annual factor consumption was higher in patients whose bone mineral densities was low both in femoral and lumbar regions. The results of this study depicting the situation of adult hemophilia population from a middle income country show that bone mineral density and vitamin D levels were decreased in a considerable amount of patients at early ages.

scholarly journals Factors associated with bone health status of Malaysian pre-adolescent children in the PREBONE-Kids Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung Yuan Chang ◽  
Kanimolli Arasu ◽  
Soon Yee Wong ◽  
Shu Hwa Ong ◽  
Wai Yew Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Modifiable Lifestyle Factors

Abstract Background Modifiable lifestyle factors and body composition can affect the attainment of peak bone mass during childhood. This study performed a cross-sectional analysis of the determinants of bone health among pre-adolescent (N = 243) Malaysian children with habitually low calcium intakes and vitamin D status in Kuala Lumpur (PREBONE-Kids Study). Methods Body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) at the lumbar spine (LS) and total body (TB) were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Calcium intake was assessed using 1-week diet history, MET (metabolic equivalent of task) score using cPAQ physical activity questionnaire, and serum 25(OH) vitamin D using LC-MS/MS. Results The mean calcium intake was 349 ± 180 mg/day and mean serum 25(OH)D level was 43.9 ± 14.5 nmol/L. In boys, lean mass (LM) was a significant predictor of LSBMC (β = 0.539, p < 0.001), LSBMD (β = 0.607, p < 0.001), TBBMC (β = 0.675, p < 0.001) and TBBMD (β = 0.481, p < 0.01). Height was a significant predictor of LSBMC (β = 0.346, p < 0.001) and TBBMC (β = 0.282, p < 0.001) while fat mass (FM) (β = 0.261, p = 0.034) and physical activity measured as MET scores (β = 0.163, p = 0.026) were significant predictors of TBBMD in boys. Among girls, LM was also a significant predictor of LSBMC (β = 0.620, p < 0.001), LSBMD (β = 0.700, p < 0.001), TBBMC (β = 0.542, p < 0.001) and TBBMD (β = 0.747, p < 0.001). Calcium intake was a significant predictor of LSBMC (β = 0.102, p = 0.034), TBBMC (β = 0.122, p < 0.001) and TBBMD (β = 0.196, p = 0.002) in girls. Conclusions LM was the major determinant of BMC and BMD among pre-adolescent Malaysian children alongside other modifiable lifestyle factors such as physical activity and calcium intake.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Bone Loss in Spondyloarthritis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafa Hamdi ◽  
Meriem Sellami ◽  
Abir Kasraoui ◽  
Kaouther Maatallah ◽  
Hanene Ferjani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Joint Involvement ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bone Mineral Status ◽  
The Impact

We aimed to determine the bone mineral status in patients with spondyloarthritis (SA), and to assess the impact of parameters associated with bone loss on bone mineral density (BMD). Seventy-five patients (62 men) with SA fulfilling the modified New York criteria were included in a cross-sectional study during one year. BMD was assessed in all patients using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The patient’s average age was 36.8 years. Sixty-five patients (86.6%) had bone loss. The lumbar spine was the site most affected by osteoporosis (37%). Bone loss was significantly associated with low BMI, peripheral joint involvement, active disease (high ASDASESR and BASDAI), vitamin D insufficiency, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and c-reactive protein, as well as high BASRI, high BASMI, and with the use of csDMARDs or anti-TNF alpha therapy. The disease activity, biologic inflammation, low vitamin D level, peripheral joint involvement, and structural damage were the major factors that induce bone loss in SA patients. Multivariate analysis showed that only high ESR level (AOR 19.9, 95% CI) and peripheral arthritis (AOR 14.5, 95% IC) were independent risk factors of bone loss. Our study shows that bone loss was a multifactorial complication of SA.

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