scholarly journals Evaluating the contribution of point and non-point sources of nitrogen pollution in stream water in a rural area of Central Hokkaido, Japan

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Nagumo ◽  
Krishna Prasad Woli ◽  
Ryusuke Hatano
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Nitrogen Pollution ◽  
Point Sources

Protection of surface water against contamination by wetland systems in Poland

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Obarska-Pempkowiak ◽  
T. Ozimek ◽  
W. Chmiel
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The City

Facilities constructed in order to protect streamS against storm water in the Gdan«sk region are described. The first of them is located on the Rynarzewski Stream (water flow 25 l/s). The stream is the main tributary of the Jelitkowski Stream which in turn drains to the Baltic Sea in the area of popular beaches and hotels. Results of analyses indicate the improvement of water quality in the stream and along beaches in this region. Another facility is situated on the Swelina Stream (water flow 30 l/s). The stream is fed with storm water originating from residential districts. In order to improve water quality a pond was constructed supported by a subsurface flow filter (HF-CW type). After implementation of the system substantial improvement of water quality occurred. In order to protect drinking water intake for the city of Gdan«sk against surface and point sources of contaminants a hydrophite treatment system was constructed in Bielkowo. The system consists of two subunits: wet unit (pond), filled with water all the time and dry unit (extention of the pond), designed for storm water. In the wet unit dams constructed of medium size sand are placed. The system, especially the dams, is inhibited with reed. The drainage systems collect water percolating through the dams, and directs it downstream. The system was constructed in 1997. Since then it has proven a substantial improvement of water quality discharged of inflowing loads, on average.

Evaluation of total nitrogen pollution reduction strategies in a river basin: a case study

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Droic ◽  
J. Zagorc-Končan ◽  
M. Cotman
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Pollution ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Pollution Reduction ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation

The enrichment of groundwater and rivers by nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus compounds) and their consequences is one of the most severe problems across Europe as well in Slovenia. Transfer of nutrients from different sources into the environment causes eutrophication of surface waters, nitrate accumulation in groundwater, and others. In this paper, the methodology of the material flow analysis is presented and applied to develop a nitrogen balance in a river basin and to evaluate different scenarios for total nitrogen pollution reduction. Application of the methodology is illustrated by means of a case study on the Krka river, Slovenia. Different scenarios are to be considered: the present level of sewerage and treatment capacities, different stages of wastewater treatment and management of agricultural activities on land. The results show that beside effluents from wastewater treatment plants, agriculture contributes significantly to the total annual nitrogen load. Beside reduction of point sources by means of wastewater collection and implementation of nutrient removal technology, managing agricultural nitrogen in order to protect river water quality and drinking water supply should become a major challenge in the Krka river basin.

scholarly journals The Role of Landscape Configuration, Season, and Distance from Contaminant Sources on the Degradation of Stream Water Quality in Urban Catchments

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
António Carlos Pinheiro Fernandes ◽  
Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes ◽  
Rui Manuel Vitor Cortes ◽  
Fernando António Leal Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Landscape Configuration ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Contaminant Sources ◽  
Urban Catchments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harmful Effects

Water resources are threatened by many pollution sources. The harmful effects of pollution can be evaluated through biological indicators capable of tracing problems in life forms caused by the contaminants discharged into the streams. In the present study, the effects on stream water quality of landscape configuration, season, and distance from contaminant emissions of diffuse and point sources were accessed through the evaluation of a Portuguese macroinvertebrate index (IPtIN) in 12 observation points distributed within the studied area (Ave River Basin, Portugal). Partial least-squares path models (PLS-PMs) were used to set up cause–effect relationships between this index, various metrics adapted to forest, agriculture, and artificial areas, and the aforementioned emissions, considering 13 distances from the contaminant sources ranging from 100 m to 56 km. The PLS-PM models were applied to summer and winter data to explore seasonality effects. The results of PLS-PM exposed significant scale and seasonal effects. The harmful effects of artificial areas were visible for distances larger than 10 km. The impact of agriculture was also distance related, but in summer this influence was more evident. The forested areas could hold onto contamination mainly in the winter periods. The impact of diffuse contaminant emissions was stronger during summer, when accessed on a short distance. The impact of effluent discharges was small, compared to the influence of landscape metrics, and had a limited statistical significance. Overall, the PLS-PM results evidenced significant cause–effect relationships between land use metrics and stream water quality at 10 km or larger scales, regardless of the season. This result is valid for the studied catchment, but transposition to other similar catchments needs to be carefully verified given the limited, though available, number of observation points.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Monitoring of Methane in Beijing Using a Mobile Observatory

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun ◽  
Deng ◽  
Wu ◽  
Wu ◽  
Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Monitoring Point ◽  
Fugitive Emission ◽  
Filling Station ◽  
Measurement Methodology

Cities have multiple fugitive emission sources of methane (CH4) and policies adopted by China on replacing coal with natural gas in recent years can cause fine spatial heterogeneities at the range of kilometers within a city and also contribute to the CH4 inventory. In this study, a mobile observatory was used to monitor the real-time CH4 concentrations at fine spatial and temporal resolutions in Beijing, the most important pilot city of energy transition. Results showed that: several point sources, such as a liquefied natural gas (LNG) power plant which has not been included in the Chinese national greenhouse gas inventory yet, can be identified; the ratio “fingerprints” (CH4:CO2) for an LNG carrier, LNG filling station, and LNG power plant show a shape of “L”; for city observations, the distribution of CH4 concentration, in the range of 1940–2370 ppbv, had small variations while that in the rural area had a much higher concentration gradient; significant correlations between CO2 and CH4 concentrations were found in the rural area but in the urban area there were no such significant correlations; a shape of “L” of CH4:CO2 ratios is obtained in the urban area in wintertime and it is assigned to fugitive emissions from LNG sources. This mobile measurement methodology is capable of monitoring point and non-point CH4 sources in Beijing and the observation results could improve the CH4 inventory and inform relevant policy-making on emission reduction in China.

scholarly journals Policies to combat nitrogen pollution in South Asia: Gaps and opportunities

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Lucy Yang ◽  
N Raghuram ◽  
Tapan Kumar Adhya ◽  
Stephen D. Porter ◽  
Ananta Narayan Panda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Nitrogen Pollution ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
New Policies

Abstract Assessing and managing nitrogen sustainably is imperative for achieving the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targeted for 2030. South Asian countries, aware of the environmental and health impacts of nitrogen pollution, regionally as well as globally, piloted the 2019 UN resolution on Sustainable Nitrogen Management, calling for urgent policy action. This paper assists South Asia policy development by providing new insights into nitrogen-related policies in the region; it makes a step-change advance on an existing global analysis and database. We built on available methods to better identify, classify and analyse 966 nitrogen-related policies for the region. We compared the global and regional nitrogen policy landscapes to explain the benefits of a deeper policy assessment. The policies we classified as having ‘higher’ relevance – those with direct reference to nitrogen and/or its potential impacts – represent the current nitrogen policy landscape for South Asia. We show that a small proportion of policies (9%) consider multiple pollution sources, sectors, nitrogen threats and impacts, with integrative policy instruments. 5% of policies also consider both non-point and point sources of pollution, representing standout policies. More such policies with an integrated approach are vital in addressing the complexities of nitrogen pollution. Adapting existing and drafting new policies are both required to deal with other current and emerging nitrogen issues. Our analysis provides evidence for a roadmap for sustainable nitrogen policy in South Asia and beyond and supports efforts to reduce the threats posed by nitrogen pollution to achieve the SDGs.

Integral water quality modelling of catchments

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Griensven ◽  
W. Bauwens
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Water Quality Modelling ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Water Assessment

ESWAT - Extended Soil and Water Assessment Tool - was developed to allow for an integral modelling of the water quantity and quality processes in river basins. The diffuse pollution sources are assessed by considering crop and soil processes and - together with the point sources - further transformed by an in-stream water quality module. An autocalibration procedure allows for the optimisation of the process parameters. The optimisation uses a global optimisation criterion, whereby several objective functions can be considered or combined and whereby several output variables can be taken into account simultaneously. The model and the calibration procedure are applied to the river Dender in Belgium.

Magnitude of nitrogen pollution in stream water due to intensive livestock farming practices

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Woli ◽  
Toshiyuki Nagumo ◽  
Ryusuke Hatano
Keyword(s):  
Stream Water ◽  
Nitrogen Pollution ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Livestock Farming

scholarly journals Identification and Prioritisation of Mine Pollution Sources in a Temperate Watershed Using Tracer Injection and Synoptic Sampling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Byrne ◽  
Alan Yendell ◽  
Ilaria Frau ◽  
Aaron M. L. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Mine Water ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Tracer Injection ◽  
Diffuse Sources ◽  
Synoptic Sampling ◽  
Mine Pollution ◽  
Mine Sites

AbstractIdentifying and prioritising mine sites for remediation is challenging due to inherently complex hydrological systems and multiple potential sources of mine pollution dispersed across watersheds. Understanding mine pollution dynamics in wet temperate watersheds is particularly challenging due to substantial variability in precipitation and streamflows, which increase the importance of diffuse sources. A tracer dilution and synoptic sampling experiment was conducted in a mined watershed in Scotland to identify the main sources of mine pollution, the relative importance of point and diffuse sources of pollution, and the potential benefits of mine site remediation to stream water quality. Using high spatial resolution metal loading datasets, the major Zn and Cd source areas were identified as point sources of mine water predominantly located in the upper part of the watershed. In contrast, the main sources of Pb were diffuse sources of mine tailings and wastes located in the lower part of the watershed. In the latter case, mobilisation of Pb occurred primarily from a section of braided wetland and an uncapped tailings area. Importantly, diffuse sources of mine pollution were found to be the dominant source of Pb, and an important source of Zn and Cd, even under steady-state streamflow conditions. Mass balance calculations suggest that treatment of the main mine water sources in the upper watershed and capping of the tailings deposit in the lower watershed could reduce stream trace metal concentrations by approximately 70%. These data support the development of conceptual models of mine pollution dynamics in wet temperate watersheds. These conceptual models are important as they: (1) help prioritise those mine sites and features for remediation that will deliver the most environmental and socio-economic benefit, and; (2) provide a means to quantify the importance of diffuse pollution sources that may increase in importance in the future as a result of changes in precipitation patterns in temperate watersheds.

Human acceleration of the nitrogen cycle: drivers, consequences, and steps toward solutions

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Howarth
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Nitrogen Pollution ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Animal Production Systems

Human activity has greatly altered the nitrogen cycle on Earth over the past few decades, with major effects on both human health and the ecological functioning of natural ecosystems, particularly coastal marine systems where nitrogen is now the largest pollution problem. Agriculture is the largest driver of this change, with pollution from fossil-fuel combustion being a smaller but still significant driver globally. Much of the nitrogen pollution from agriculture derives from animal-production systems, both as a direct result of nitrogen leakage to the atmosphere and waters from these systems, and from the demand for increased crop production that these animal-production systems demand. Wastewater from urban centers is also a significant component of the nitrogen problem, contributing 12% of the nitrogen pollution in rivers in the US, 25% in Europe, and 33% in China. Wastewater sources dominate the inputs of nitrogen to some coastal ecosystems, but globally and in most regions the non-point sources are larger. Many technical solutions to reducing nitrogen pollution exist, so to some extent the current problem reflects policy and political failures. Nonetheless, further technical solutions can and should be developed. These should recognize the significantly greater mobility of nitrogen than phosphorus in the environment.

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