Early season root growth, soil aggregation and stratification of nutrients and soil properties after six annual treatments of fertilizer rates and seeding systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Kabal Singh Gill
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Aggregation ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

scholarly journals Sewage sludge application enhances soil properties and rice growth in a salt-affected mudflat soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhua Shan ◽  
Min Lv ◽  
Wengang Zuo ◽  
Zehui Tang ◽  
Cheng Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Promote Plant Growth

AbstractThe most important measures for salt-affected mudflat soil reclamation are to reduce salinity and to increase soil organic carbon (OC) content and thus soil fertility. Salinity reduction is often accomplished through costly freshwater irrigation by special engineering measures. Whether fertility enhancement only through one-off application of a great amount of OC can improve soil properties and promote plant growth in salt-affected mudflat soil remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of our indoor pot experiment was to study the effects of OC amendment at 0, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.5%, calculated from carbon content, by one-off application of sewage sludge on soil properties, rice yield, and root growth in salt-affected mudflat soil under waterlogged conditions. The results showed that the application of sewage sludge promoted soil fertility by reducing soil pH and increasing content of OC, nitrogen and phosphorus in salt-affected mudflat soil, while soil electric conductivity (EC) increased with increasing sewage sludge (SS) application rates under waterlogged conditions. In this study, the rice growth was not inhibited by the highest EC of 4.43 dS m−1 even at high doses of SS application. The SS application increased yield of rice, promoted root growth, enhanced root activity and root flux activity, and increased the soluble sugar and amino acid content in the bleeding sap of rice plants at the tillering, jointing, and maturity stages. In conclusion, fertility enhancement through organic carbon amendment can “offset” the adverse effects of increased salinity and promote plant growth in salt-affected mudflat soil under waterlogged conditions.

Spatial and short-term temporal variations in runoff, soil aggregation and other soil properties along a mediterranean climatological gradient

CATENA ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Boix-Fayos ◽  
A Calvo-Cases ◽  
A.C Imeson ◽  
M.D Soriano-Soto ◽  
I.R Tiemessen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Soil Aggregation ◽  
Short Term

Organic Amendments Improve Wheat Root Growth and Yield through Regulating Soil Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 482-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Zhao ◽  
Lusheng Li ◽  
Huanjie Cai ◽  
Junliang Fan ◽  
Henry Wai Chau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Growth And Yield

Soil aggregation and root growth of perennial grasses in a constructed clay minesoil

2016 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizete Stumpf ◽  
Eloy Antonio Pauletto ◽  
Luiz Fernando Spinelli Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Aggregation ◽  
Perennial Grasses

Advances in precision agriculture in south-eastern Australia. III. Interactions between soil properties and water use help explain spatial variability of crop production in the Victorian Mallee

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 870 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Armstrong ◽  
J. Fitzpatrick ◽  
M. A. Rab ◽  
M. Abuzar ◽  
P. D. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Management Zones ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation

A major barrier to the adoption of precision agriculture in dryland cropping systems is our current inability to reliably predict spatial patterns of grain yield for future crops for a specific paddock. An experiment was undertaken to develop a better understanding of how edaphic and climatic factors interact to influence the spatial variation in the growth, water use, and grain yield of different crops in a single paddock so as to improve predictions of the likely spatial pattern of grain yields in future crops. Changes in a range of crop and soil properties were monitored over 3 consecutive seasons (barley in 2005 and 2007 and lentils in 2006) in the southern section of a 167-ha paddock in the Mallee region of Victoria, which had been classified into 3 different yield (low, moderate, and high) and seasonal variability (stable and variable) zones using normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and historic yield maps. The different management zones reflected marked differences in a range of soil properties including both texture in the topsoil and potential chemical-physical constraints in the subsoil (SSCs) to root growth and water use. Dry matter production, grain yield, and quality differed significantly between the yield zones but the relative difference between zones was reduced when supplementary irrigation was applied to barley in 2005, suggesting that some other factor, e.g. nitrogen (N), may have become limiting in that year. There was a strong relationship between crop growth and the use of soil water and nitrate across the management zones, with most water use by the crop occurring in the pre-anthesis/flowering period, but the nature of this relationship appeared to vary with year and/or crop type. In 2006, lentil yield was strongly related to crop establishment, which varied with soil texture and differences in plant-available water. In 2007 the presence of soil water following a good break to the season permitted root growth into the subsoil where there was evidence that SSCs may have adversely affected crop growth. Because of potential residual effects of one crop on another, e.g. through differential N supply and use, we conclude that the utility of the NDVI methodology for developing zone management maps could be improved by using historical records and data for a range of crop types rather than pooling data from a range of seasons.

scholarly journals Biochar Effects on Soil Properties and Wheat Biomass vary with Fertility Management

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakriti Bista ◽  
Rajan Ghimire ◽  
Stephen Machado ◽  
Larry Pritchett
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Fertility Management ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Biochar can improve soil health and crop productivity. We studied the response of soil properties and wheat growth to four rates of wood biochar (0, 11.2, 22.4, and 44.8 Mg ha−1) and two fertilizer rates [no fertilizer and fertilizer (90 kg N ha−1, 45 kg P ha−1, and 20 kg S ha−1)]. Biochar application increased soil organic matter (SOM), soil pH, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S) contents, and the shoot and root biomass of wheat. However, these responses were observed at biochar rates below 22.4 Mg ha−1, particularly in treatments without fertilizer. In fertilizer-applied treatments, soil nitrate levels decreased with an increase in biochar rates, mainly due to better crop growth and high nitrate uptake. However, without N addition, the high C:N ratio (500:1) possibly increased nutrient tie-up, reduced plant biomass, and SOM buildup at the highest biochar rate. Based on these results, we recommend biochar rates of about 22.4 Mg ha−1 and below for Walla Walla silt loams.

Effects of direct drilling and reduced cultivation on soil conditions for root growth

1973 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Q Cannell ◽  
J R Finney
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Structural Stability ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Uncultivated Soil ◽  
Direct Drilling ◽  
Indirect Relationship

The two aspects of soil conditions and root growth in reduced cultivation systems are reviewed. Generally, an uncultivated soil is characterized by increased mechanical strength, reduced porosity greater moisture, more organic matter and structural stability at the surface, more earthworms and the development of nutrient gradients. Effects on root growth are much more variable and reflect the indirect relationship that exists between bulk soil properties and root growth.

scholarly journals Microplastic shape, concentration and polymer type affect soil properties and plant biomass

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudi M. Lozano ◽  
Timon Lehnert ◽  
Lydia T. Linck ◽  
Anika Lehmann ◽  
Matthias C. Rillig
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Aggregation ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polymer Type

ABSTRACTMicroplastics are an increasing concern in terrestrial systems. These particles can be incorporated into the soil in a wide range of shapes and polymers, reflecting the fact that manufacturers produce plastics in a variety of physical and chemical properties matching their intended use.Despite of this, little is known about the effects that the addition into the soil of microplastics of different shapes, polymer type and concentration levels may have on soil properties and plant performance.To fill this gap, we selected four microplastic shapes: fibers, films, foams and fragments; and for each shape we selected three microplastics made of one of the following polymers: polyester, polyamide, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylenterephthalat, polyurethane, polystyrene and polycarbonate. In a glasshouse experiment, each microplastic was added to a soil from a dry grassland at a concentration of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0,4%. A carrot (Daucus carota) plant grew in each pot during four weeks. At harvest, shoot and root mass, soil aggregation and microbial activity were measured.Our results showed that all microplastic shapes increased shoot and root masses. As concentration increased, microfibers increased plant biomass probably as fibers may hold water in the soil for longer. In contrast, microfilms decreased biomass with concentration, likely because they can create channels in the soil that promote water evaporation affecting plant performance. All microplastic shapes decreased soil aggregation, probably since microplastics may introduce fracture points in the aggregates affecting their stability and also due to potential negative effects on soil biota. The latter may also explain the decrease in microbial activity with, for example, polyethylene films. Similar to plant biomass, microfilms decreased soil aggregation with increasing concentration.Our study tested the microplastic shape mediation and dissimilarity hypotheses, highlighting the importance of microplastic shape, polymer type and concentration when studying the effects of microplastics on terrestrial systems.

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