The relationship between sward structure, ingestive behaviour and dietary quality in cattle grazing a Chloris gayana pasture

Despite initial enthusiasm, the relationship between glycemic index (GI) and glycemic response (GR) and disease prevention remains unclear. This review examines evidence from randomized, controlled trials and observational studies in humans for short-term (e.g., satiety) and long-term (e.g., weight, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes) health effects associated with different types of GI diets. A systematic PubMed search was conducted of studies published between 2006 and 2018 with key words glycemic index, glycemic load, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, body weight, satiety, and obesity. Criteria for inclusion for observational studies and randomized intervention studies were set. The search yielded 445 articles, of which 73 met inclusion criteria. Results suggest an equivocal relationship between GI/GR and disease outcome. The strongest intervention studies typically find little relationship among GI/GR and physiological measures of disease risk. Even for observational studies, the relationship between GI/GR and disease outcomes is limited. Thus, it is unlikely that the GI of a food or diet is linked to disease risk or health outcomes. Other measures of dietary quality, such as fiber or whole grains may be more likely to predict health outcomes. Interest in food patterns as predictors of health benefits may be more fruitful for research to inform dietary guidance.

Download Full-text

Dietary Quality is Associated with Reduced Risk of Diabetes among adults in Northern China: A Cross-sectional Study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114520004808 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-28

Author(s):

Siyue Tan ◽

Haiwen Lu ◽

Ruier Song ◽

Jing Wu ◽

Mingming Xue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Inner Mongolia ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Diabetes Risk ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

High Salt ◽

Diabetes Prevalence ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship

Abstract In this study, we analysed the prevalence of diabetes in Inner Mongolia and explored the relationship between dietary patterns and diabetes using the Chinese Dietary Balance Index-16 (DBI-16). This study was a surveillance survey of Chronic Disease and Nutrition Monitoring among Chinese Adults in Inner Mongolia in 2015. Dietary data were collected using the 24-h dietary recall and weighing method over 3 consecutive days. Dietary quality was evaluated via the DBI-16. A generalized linear model was used to examine the associations between the DBI-16 and dietary patterns. The relationship between dietary patterns and diabetes was analysed using logistic regression. In Inner Mongolia, the diabetes prevalence was 8.5%, and the estimated standardized prevalence was 6.0%. Four major dietary patterns were identified: ‘meat/dairy products’, ‘traditional northern’, ‘high cereal/tuber’ and ‘high-salt/alcohol’. Generalized linear models showed that the ‘meat/dairy products’ pattern was relatively balanced (βLBS = −1.993, βHBS = −0.206, βDQD = −2.199; all P<0.05) and was associated with a lower diabetes risk (odds ratio [OR]: 0.565; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.338–0.945; P<0.05) after adjusting for potential confounders. The other three dietary patterns (i.e., ‘traditional northern’, ‘high cereal/tuber’ and ‘high-salt/alcohol’) exhibited relatively unbalanced dietary quality and were unassociated with diabetes risk. Diabetes prevalence in Inner Mongolia was moderate. The dietary quality of the ‘meat/dairy products’ pattern was relatively balanced and was correlated with a decreased risk of diabetes prevalence, suggesting that dietary quality may help decrease the diabetes prevalence and provide a suggestion for local dietary guidelines.

Download Full-text

Higher Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Dietary Pattern Is Inversely Associated with Incidence of Disability Among Puerto Rican Adults

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa040_057 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 57-57

Author(s):

Sabrina Noel ◽

David Cornell ◽

Xiyuan Zhang ◽

Katherine Tucker

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Puerto Rican ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Dash Diet ◽

Dietary Index ◽

Diabetes Status ◽

Iadl Disability ◽

The Relationship ◽

Prevention Of Disability

Abstract Objectives Emerging evidence suggests that overall dietary quality is important for the prevention of disability, which maybe be due to protective effects on cardiovascular risk factors. Few studies have investigated adherence to a DASH diet and disability and muscle strength prospectively, particularly among Puerto Rican adults. This study examined the relationship between a DASH dietary index and incidence of disability and change in muscle strength over 5 years of follow up. Methods Data are from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study, a prospective cohort of Puerto Rican adults aged 45 to 75 y (n = 1408). The DASH dietary quality index (DASH) was derived from averaged dietary data assessed by validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline and 2-y follow up. Self-reported disability included activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL assessed at baseline, 2-y and 5-y follow up. Hand grip measures were obtained using a hand dynamometer at baseline, 2-y and 5-y follow up. Cox Proportional Hazards models were adjusted for sex, age, cardiovascular disease, smoking status, educational attainment, alcohol consumption, physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol concentration, C-reactive protein and body mass index. Multivariable linear regression was used to model changes in handgrip. Interactions by sex, age and diabetes status were examined. Results The prevalence of ADL and IADL disability at baseline was 70.8% and 48.6%. Mean change in handgrip from baseline to 5 y was −2.19 kg. Interactions by age, sex and diabetes status were not significant. Participants with higher adherence to the DASH diet had lower incidence of impaired ADL (HR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92, 0.99) and IADL disability (HR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93, 0.98). The relationship between the DASH dietary index and change in handgrip measures from baseline to 5-y follow up approached significance (β = 0.14 ± 0.08, P = 0.07). Conclusions These findings suggest that higher adherence to a DASH diet may reduce risk of disability and mitigate muscle strength loss among Puerto Rican adults. This may be an important intervention strategy for prevention of disability in this population. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.

Download Full-text

Effect of species composition and sward structure on the ingestive behaviour of cattle and sheep grazing South African sourveld

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600078047 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 127 (2) ◽

pp. 271-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

P. J. O'Reagain ◽

B. C. Goetsch ◽

R. N. Owen-Smith

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Plant Height ◽

Functional Response ◽

Major Effect ◽

Intake Rate ◽

Sheep Grazing ◽

Bite Size ◽

Ingestive Behaviour ◽

Cattle And Sheep ◽

Sward Structure

SUMMARYThe effects of species composition and sward structure on the ingestive behaviour of cattle and sheep grazing a mesic, low quality grassland in South Africa were investigated over the 1990–93 grazing seasons. Species composition had a significant (P < 0·05) effect on sheep bite size and on cattle and sheep bite rates but had no effect on dry matter intake rate (IR). Species composition could, however, affect IR over longer grazing periods than those used in the experiment.Sward structure had a major effect on ingestive behaviour. Cattle and sheep bite rates and cattle grazing time, were negatively correlated (P < 0·05) with plant height but positively correlated (P < 0·05) with sward greenness. Bite size and hence IR in cattle and sheep were strongly correlated (P < 0·001) with plant height. Cattle IR increased from 6 to 20g/min over the range of heights encountered and appeared to reach an asymptote at a plant height of 20–25 cm. Sheep IR, expressed per unit of body mass, increased from 0·01 to an asymptote or maximum of 0·13 g/min/kg at plant heights of 10–15 cm. For sheep there was evidence of a non-asymptotic functional response at some sites with IR being maximized at certain sward heights but declining thereafter. This suggests the possible existence of a third, quality dimension to the functional response on these low-quality grasslands.

Download Full-text

Kualitas diet, kurang energi kronis (KEK), dan anemia pada pengantin wanita di Kabupaten Semarang

JURNAL GIZI INDONESIA ◽

10.14710/jgi.8.1.1-10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Fillah Fithra Dieny ◽

Firdananda Fikri Jauharany ◽

Deny Yudi Fitranti ◽

A Fahmy Arif Tsani ◽

Ayu Rahadiyanti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Hemoglobin Level ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Quality Data ◽

Iron Intake ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Arm Circumference ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: Pre-conception women are potential mothers or vulnerable groups who need special attention. The less of nutrients Intake than necessary can lead to nutritional problems such as Chronic Energy Deficiencyand nutritional anemia that have an impact on the next phase of life such as the risk of giving birth to babies with low birth weight (LBW), babies stunting, and growth disruption and development of the fetus / baby during pregnancy or after that. Objective: To analyze the relationship between diet quality, chronic energy malnutrition status with anemia in the bride.Methods: A cross-sectional study with 70 subjects who were brides aged 16-30 years. Selection of subjects with consecutive sampling method. Dietary quality data was measured through the Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) and Diet Quality Index - International (DQI-I) forms, SEZ status assessed from body mass index (BMI) and upper arm circumference (LiLA). Anemia status was measured from hemoglobin levels, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. To examine the relationship between diet quality, chronic energy malnutrition, and anemia using a linear regression test.Results: The subject aged 16-30 years, and 41.4% are still <20 years old. A total of 10 subjects (14.3%) belonged to Chronic Energy Deficiency. Haemoglobin level measurements showed there were 8 subjects (11.4%) who had low Hb levels, and 4 of them had anemia with microcytic hypychromic type which was characterized by low MCV, MCH and MCHC values. Based on the calculation of intake was known that 55 subjects (78.6%) had a low quality diet. This study showed no relationship between diet quality and anemia, but the sub-components of diet quality were adequacy of protein intake (p = 0.007), iron intake (p = 0.009) and upper arm circumference (p = 0.018) indicating a significant relationship with anemia (hemoglobin level) in the bride. Conclusion: the less protein and iron intake and lower upper arm circumference associated with a decrease in the bride's hemoglobin level

Download Full-text

The relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and dietary quality

Journal of the American Dietetic Association ◽

10.1016/0002-8223(93)91080-a ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 93 (9) ◽

pp. A27

Author(s):

D.E Butterworth ◽

D.C Nieman ◽

B.C Underwood ◽

K.D Lindsted

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

The Relationship

Download Full-text

Ingestive behaviour of beef cattle grazing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)+

Grass and Forage Science ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2494.1988.tb01879.x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 121-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

C. T. DOUGHERTY ◽

E. M. SMITH ◽

N. W. BRADLEY ◽

T. D. A. FORBES ◽

P. L. CORNELIUS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Medicago Sativa ◽

Cattle Grazing ◽

Medicago Sativa L ◽

Ingestive Behaviour

Download Full-text

Association between self-reported sleep duration and dietary quality in European adolescents

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114512006046 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 110 (5) ◽

pp. 949-959 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Sarah Bel ◽

Nathalie Michels ◽

Tineke De Vriendt ◽

Emma Patterson ◽

Magdalena Cuenca-García ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Insufficient Sleep ◽

Short Sleep ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Evidence has grown supporting the role for short sleep duration as an independent risk factor for weight gain and obesity. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between sleep duration and dietary quality in European adolescents. The sample consisted of 1522 adolescents (aged 12·5–17·5 years) participating in the European multi-centre cross-sectional ‘Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence’ study. Sleep duration was estimated by a self-reported questionnaire. Dietary intake was assessed by two 24 h recalls. The Diet Quality Index for Adolescents with Meal index (DQI-AM) was used to calculate overall dietary quality, considering the components dietary equilibrium, dietary diversity, dietary quality and a meal index. An average sleep duration of ≥ 9 h was classified as optimal, between 8 and 9 h as borderline insufficient and < 8 h as insufficient. Sleep duration and the DQI-AM score were positively associated (β = 0·027, r 0·130, P< 0·001). Adolescents with insufficient (62·05 (sd 14·18)) and borderline insufficient sleep (64·25 (sd 12·87)) scored lower on the DQI-AM than adolescents with an optimal sleep duration (64·57 (sd 12·39)) (P< 0·001; P= 0·018). The present study demonstrated in European adolescents that short sleep duration was associated with a lower dietary quality. This supports the hypothesis that the health consequences of insufficient sleep may be mediated by the relationship of insufficient sleep to poor dietary quality.

Download Full-text

The Relationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity, and Dietary Quality

International Journal of Sport Nutrition ◽

10.1123/ijsn.4.3.289 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 289-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Diane E. Butterworth ◽

David C. Nieman ◽

Bruce C. Underwood ◽

Kristian D. Lindsied

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Weight ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

Physically Active ◽

Diet Records ◽

Metabolic Monitoring ◽

Nutrient Density ◽

The Relationship

This study evaluated the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and dietary quality in a group of 20- to 40-year-old women (n= 34) who varied widely in levels of physical activity. Nutrient intakes were determined using 10 repeated 24-hr diet records, randomly assigned, over a 10-week period, Physical activity was determined on the same randomly assigned days using the Caltrac Personal Activity Computer. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by two maximal graded treadmill tests with continuous metabolic monitoring at both the beginning and end of the 10-week period. Neither physical activity nor cardiorespiratory fitness was significantly correlated with nutrient density (nutrient/1,000 kcal). Intake of energy (kcal/kg body weight) was higher for the more physically active and fit women, leading to a significant increase in most nutrients consumed per kilogram of body weight.

Download Full-text