scholarly journals Effects of physical activity interventions on cognitive outcomes and academic performance in adolescents and young adults: A meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (23) ◽  
pp. 2637-2660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Franca Haverkamp ◽  
Rikstje Wiersma ◽  
Karen Vertessen ◽  
Hanneke van Ewijk ◽  
Jaap Oosterlaan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions

Treating depression with physical activity in adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1068-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Bailey ◽  
S. E. Hetrick ◽  
S. Rosenbaum ◽  
R. Purcell ◽  
A. G. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomised Controlled

AbstractWe aimed to establish the treatment effect of physical activity for depression in young people through meta-analysis. Four databases were searched to September 2016 for randomised controlled trials of physical activity interventions for adolescents and young adults, 12–25 years, experiencing a diagnosis or threshold symptoms of depression. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the standardised mean difference (SMD) between physical activity and control conditions. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression investigated potential treatment effect modifiers. Acceptability was estimated using dropout. Trials were assessed against risk of bias domains and overall quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE criteria. Seventeen trials were eligible and 16 provided data from 771 participants showing a large effect of physical activity on depression symptoms compared to controls (SMD = −0.82, 95% CI = −1.02 to −0.61, p < 0.05, I2 = 38%). The effect remained robust in trials with clinical samples (k = 5, SMD = −0.72, 95% CI = −1.15 to −0.30), and in trials using attention/activity placebo controls (k = 7, SMD = −0.82, 95% CI = −1.05 to −0.59). Dropout was 11% across physical activity arms and equivalent in controls (k = 12, RD = −0.01, 95% CI = −0.04 to 0.03, p = 0.70). However, the quality of RCT-level evidence contributing to the primary analysis was downgraded two levels to LOW (trial-level risk of bias, suspected publication bias), suggesting uncertainty in the size of effect and caution in its interpretation. While physical activity appears to be a promising and acceptable intervention for adolescents and young adults experiencing depression, robust clinical effectiveness trials that minimise risk of bias are required to increase confidence in the current finding. The specific intervention characteristics required to improve depression remain unclear, however best candidates given current evidence may include, but are not limited to, supervised, aerobic-based activity of moderate-to-vigorous intensity, engaged in multiple times per week over eight or more weeks. Further research is needed. (Registration: PROSPERO-CRD 42015024388).

scholarly journals Rapid Realist Review of School-Based Physical Activity Interventions in 7- to 11-Year-Old Children

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Defever ◽  
Michelle Jones
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Implementation Fidelity ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
School Level ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
Rapid Realist Review

Meta-analysis of physical activity interventions in school settings have revealed low efficacy and that there is a need to explore implementation fidelity. The aim of this rapid realist review was to determine, what physical activity interventions in school settings for children aged 7- to 11-years-old works, for whom, and in what circumstances. The realist synthesis was conducted following RAMESES guidelines. Relevant studies were identified following a systematic search process and data from 28 studies was extracted for evidence to form context-mechanism-outcome configurations that were clustered and refined. Using the five-level socioecological model, the program theories were classified into the levels of intrapersonal (child), interpersonal (teachers), institutional (program content, school administration, and school environment), community (home and neighborhood), and policy. The school level led to most context-mechanism-outcome configurations related to school leadership and policy, workforce structure, program characteristics, and school environment. At each level, we identified features of interventions, alongside implementation considerations that might work to promote efficacy and sustainability. The need to recognize the school environment as part of a complex system with multi-level interaction and influences was a key finding. In line with realist philosophy, the researchers encouraged primary research to confirm, refute, and refine the program theories presented.

scholarly journals Impacts of Participation in Community-Based Physical Activity Programs on Cognitive Functions of Children and Youth with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Mojgan Gitimoghaddam ◽  
Leigh M. Vanderloo ◽  
Rebecca Hung ◽  
Andrea Ryce ◽  
William McKellin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Research Questions

This review paper aimed to undertake an extensive exploration of the extent, range, and nature of research activities regarding the effect and emerging evidence in the field of physical activity interventions on cognitive development among children and youth (0–17.99 years) with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), and to help identify key gaps in research and determine precise research questions for future investigations. To carry out this scoping review, five electronic databases were searched. A total of 12,097 articles were retrieved via search efforts with an additional 93 articles identified from the identified review papers. Sixty articles were eligible for inclusion. The results of this scoping review revealed many positive key cognitive outcomes related to physical activity including, but not limited to: focus, attention, self-control, cognitive process, and alertness. No studies reported a negative association between physical activity and cognitive outcomes. Based on the findings from this scoping review, physical activity appears to have a favorable impact on the cognitive outcomes of children and youth with NDD.

School‐based physical activity interventions in rural and urban/suburban communities: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Pfledderer ◽  
Ryan D. Burns ◽  
Wonwoo Byun ◽  
Russell L. Carson ◽  
Gregory J. Welk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Suburban Communities ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
School Based ◽  
Rural And Urban

scholarly journals Obesity in Children and Adolescents during COVID-19 Pandemic

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Androniki Stavridou ◽  
Evangelia Kapsali ◽  
Eleni Panagouli ◽  
Athanasios Thirios ◽  
Konstantinos Polychronis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Sugary Drinks ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Obesity In Children

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to special circumstances and changes to everyday life due to the worldwide measures that were imposed such as lockdowns. This review aims to evaluate obesity in children, adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A literature search was conducted to evaluate pertinent studies up to 10 November 2020. Results: A total of 15 articles were eligible; 9 identified 17,028,111 children, adolescents and young adults from 5–25 years old, 5 pertained to studies with an age admixture (n = 20,521) and one study included parents with children 5–18 years old (n = 584). During the COVID-19 era, children, adolescents and young adults gained weight. Changes in dietary behaviors, increased food intake and unhealthy food choices including potatoes, meat and sugary drinks were noted during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Food insecurity associated with financial reasons represents another concern. Moreover, as the restrictions imposed reduced movements out of the house, physical activity was limited, representing another risk factor for weight gain. Conclusions: COVID-19 restrictions disrupted the everyday routine of children, adolescents and young adults and elicited changes in their eating behaviors and physical activity. To protect them, health care providers should highlight the risk of obesity and provide prevention strategies, ensuring also parental participation. Worldwide policies, guidelines and precautionary measures should ideally be established.

scholarly journals Effect of workplace physical activity interventions on the cardio-metabolic health of working adults: systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubina Mulchandani ◽  
Ambalam M. Chandrasekaran ◽  
Roopa Shivashankar ◽  
Dimple Kondal ◽  
Anurag Agrawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Workplace Interventions ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions

Abstract Background Adults in urban areas spend almost 77% of their waking time being inactive at workplaces, which leaves little time for physical activity. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize evidence for the effect of workplace physical activity interventions on the cardio-metabolic health markers (body weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, lipids and blood glucose) among working adults. Methods All experimental studies up to March 2018, reporting cardio-metabolic worksite intervention outcomes among adult employees were identified from PUBMED, EMBASE, COCHRANE CENTRAL, CINAHL and PsycINFO. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess bias in studies. All studies were assessed qualitatively and meta-analysis was done where possible. Forest plots were generated for pooled estimates of each study outcome. Results A total of 33 studies met the eligibility criteria and 24 were included in the meta-analysis. Multi-component workplace interventions significantly reduced body weight (16 studies; mean diff: − 2.61 kg, 95% CI: − 3.89 to − 1.33) BMI (19 studies, mean diff: − 0.42 kg/m2, 95% CI: − 0.69 to − 0.15) and waist circumference (13 studies; mean diff: − 1.92 cm, 95% CI: − 3.25 to − 0.60). Reduction in blood pressure, lipids and blood glucose was not statistically significant. Conclusions Workplace interventions significantly reduced body weight, BMI and waist circumference. Non-significant results for biochemical markers could be due to them being secondary outcomes in most studies. Intervention acceptability and adherence, follow-up duration and exploring non-RCT designs are factors that need attention in future research. Prospero registration number: CRD42018094436.

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