Creating new industries and service clusters on Tyneside

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Benneworth
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Silicon Valley ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Favoured Region

Cluster policies have become an increasingly important component of the European Structural Funds, and are likely to become more so as cost pressures on these policies increase with European enlargement. However, the policy appeal of clusters is based on a range of factors, not merely their low cost. Moreover, benefits identified in a limited number of exemplar regions have been assumed to also hold for clusters in less well-performing regions. This short paper identifies the potential benefits which clusters can bring to a less favoured region beyond aspiring to the creation of a new ‘Silicon Valley’. The paper aims to tease out some of the important caveats of which local authorities seeking to promote cluster-based economic development need to be aware.

scholarly journals MARKETS AND INDUSTRY — VENTURE CAPITAL AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: AN INDUSTRY OVERVIEW AND SINGAPORE'S EXPERIENCE

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (02) ◽  
pp. 243-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCIS C. C. KOH ◽  
WINSTON T. H. KOH
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Venture Capital ◽  
Silicon Valley ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Success ◽  
Technology Leader ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
The Creation

This paper provides an overview of the venture capital industry and its development in Asia and Singapore. Venture capital plays an important role in innovation and economic growth. Indeed, the resurgence of the United States as a technology leader is intimately linked to the success of Silicon Valley. As Singapore enters the next phase of economic development, the creation of internal engines of growth is an urgent task. The Singapore government has done much to provide an environment for entrepreneurship to thrive. Its success at replicating the Silicon Valley culture will be important for Singapore's future economic success.

scholarly journals Soft Spherical Tensegrity Robot Design Using Rod-Centered Actuation and Control

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee-Huang Chen ◽  
Kyunam Kim ◽  
Ellande Tang ◽  
Kevin Li ◽  
Richard House ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Robot Design ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Flexible Design ◽  
Spherical Robot ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control

This paper presents the design, analysis and testing of a fully actuated modular spherical tensegrity robot for co-robotic and space exploration applications. Robots built from tensegrity structures (composed of pure tensile and compression elements) have many potential benefits including high robustness through redundancy, many degrees of freedom in movement and flexible design. However to fully take advantage of these properties a significant fraction of the tensile elements should be active, leading to a potential increase in complexity, messy cable and power routing systems and increased design difficulty. Here we describe an elegant solution to a fully actuated tensegrity robot: The TT-3 (version 3) tensegrity robot, developed at UC Berkeley, in collaboration with NASA Ames, is a lightweight, low cost, modular, and rapidly prototyped spherical tensegrity robot. This robot is based on a ball-shaped six-bar tensegrity structure and features a unique modular rod-centered distributed actuation and control architecture. This paper presents the novel mechanism design, architecture and simulations of TT-3, the first untethered, fully actuated cable-driven six-bar tensegrity spherical robot ever built and tested for mobility. Furthermore, this paper discusses the controls and preliminary testing performed to observe the system’s behavior and performance.

ON THE ISSUE OF CREATING TOURIST CLUSTERS IN KHMELNYTSKYI REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Olesia Dolynska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Pollution Transport ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Regional Tourism ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Green Tourism ◽  
The Creation

Important issues in the development of regional tourism are the provision of tourist services, formation of the market of services and infrastructure improvement. The creation of clusters in the tourism sector remains relevant. From the standpoint of geographical science, the formation of tourist clusters is quite studied. The tourist potential of Khmelnytskyi region first of all includes the objects of nature reserve and historical-cultural funds available in the regional territory, which have not been involved in tourist activity yet. They are the basis for the formation of new tourist attractions, which can be used for the development of rural tourism, job creation, finding sources of income for newly formed territorial communities in order to obtain a positive effect from their formation. It is established that the synergetic effect promotes the creation of clusters with similar specialization. Determining the prospects of the tourist cluster of Khmelnytskyi region, special attention should be paid to such a form of tourism as rural (green) tourism. Extensive implementation of green tourism in the practice of newly formed united territorial communities in the region will provide additional resources to enhance their socio-economic development. Especially relevant tourist and recreational activities are in the buffer zones of national nature parks and landscape Regional Park, which are located in the Khmelnytskyi region. It is described that the material and technical base of tourism consists of: temporary accommodation facilities; specialized transport companies; tourist and excursion institutions and their subdivisions; information and advertising services; enterprises for the production and sale of tourist goods. Social infrastructure is also important for the organization of high-quality recreation for tourists: the availability of housing and communal services, cultural and household services, health care, and trade. From the standpoint of traditional economic and geographical complex formation, all factors of tourist complexes are divided into two major groups: socio-economic (labor, transport, trade and catering, souvenirs, city tourist development) and natural (geographical location, nature surface area, air temperature) etc. Many scholars, as the main social factors in the development of the tourist complex distinguish: socio-cultural: cultural-historical (architectural-historical) resources, settlement, administrative-territorial division; production and economic: labor resources, the structure of the city's economy, sources of environmental pollution, transport, land resources. Analysis of the location of these factors from the standpoint of social geography will justify measures aimed at enhancing the development of tourism in the regional tourism complex. Mass tourism is possible only if the needs of travelers in food and accommodation are met. Relevant facilities should have a range of hygiene and waste disposal facilities for tourists. Therefore, it is important, especially in rural areas, to provide in the plans of socio-economic development and general schemes of rural development places for temporary stay of tourists, appropriate infrastructure facilities, to reserve land for their arrangement. The analysis of the possibilities of Khmelnytskyi region in the tourist market of Ukraine showed that it occupies the middle places. This is due to the transit transport and geographical location. Within this region there is a clear polarization of tourism development, which determines the spatial features of the regional tourist complex development. Key words: tourist cluster, Khmelnytskyi region, green tourism, socio-economic development of the region.

Incomplete Fiscal Decentralisation: An Impediment for Local Economic Development in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-105
Author(s):  
Audrey Smock Amoah ◽  
Imoro Braimah ◽  
Theresa Yaba Baah-Ennumh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Fiscal Decentralisation ◽  
Local Government Level ◽  
Government Level

For the past three decades Ghana’s democratic decentralisation policy has sought in vein to establish a local government system capable of pursuing Local Economic Development (LED). One of the major impediments has been the insincere implementation of fiscal decentralisation for the local government to provide the enabling environment for LED. This paper employed primary and secondary data from the Wassa East District Assembly (WEDA) to assess the progress so far in Ghana’s fiscal decentralisation and its effect on LED. The paper highlights the potential benefits of LED and the incapacitation of the District Assembly by the Central government for LED financing. The paper again reveals the effects of the constraints of fiscal decentralisation on LED at the local government level and makes policy recommendations towards effective fiscal decentralisation for improvement in LED.

scholarly journals Lead-lag series and staged parallel operational strategies improve the performance and cost-effectiveness of bonechar for control of fluoride in groundwater

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kearns ◽  
A. Krupp ◽  
E. Diek ◽  
S. Mitchell ◽  
S. Dossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Decentralized Treatment ◽  
Column Testing ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Operational Modes ◽  
Local Materials

Abstract Affordable, locally managed, decentralized treatment technologies are needed to protect health in resource-poor regions where communities consume groundwater containing elevated levels of fluoride (F). Bonechar is a promising low-cost sorbent for F that can be produced using local materials and simple pyrolysis technology. However, the sorption capacity of bonechar is low relative to the quantities of F that must be removed to meet health criteria (typically several mg/L), especially at pH typical of groundwaters containing high levels of geogenic F. This necessitates large bonechar contactors and/or frequent sorbent replacement, which could be prohibitively costly in materials and labor. One strategy for improving the feasibility of bonechar water treatment is to utilize lead-lag series or staged parallel configurations of two or more contactors. This study used column testing to quantify potential benefits to bonechar use rate, replacement frequency, and long-run average F concentration in treated water of lead-lag series and staged parallel operational modes compared with single contactor mode. Lead-lag series operation exhibited the largest reduction in bonechar use rate (46% reduction over single contactor mode compared with 29% reduction for staged parallel) and lowest long-run average F levels when treating central Mexican groundwater at pH 8.2 containing 8.5 mg/L F.

scholarly journals Solid electrolyte interphases for high-energy aqueous aluminum electrochemical cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. eaau8131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Zhao ◽  
Michael J. Zachman ◽  
Wajdi I. Al Sadat ◽  
Jingxu Zheng ◽  
Lena F. Kourkoutis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Electrolyte ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electrochemical Cells ◽  
Interfacial Chemistry ◽  
Earth Abundant ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
High Specific Energy ◽  
Aqueous Aluminum ◽  
Safety Features

Electrochemical cells based on aluminum (Al) are of long-standing interest because Al is earth abundant, low cost, and chemically inert. The trivalent Al3+ ions also offer among the highest volume-specific charge storage capacities (8040 mAh cm−3), approximately four times larger than achievable for Li metal anodes. Rapid and irreversible formation of a high-electrical bandgap passivating Al2O3 oxide film on Al have, to date, frustrated all efforts to create aqueous Al-based electrochemical cells with high reversibility. Here, we investigate the interphases formed on metallic Al in contact with ionic liquid (IL)–eutectic electrolytes and find that artificial solid electrolyte interphases (ASEIs) formed spontaneously on the metal permanently transform its interfacial chemistry. The resultant IL-ASEIs are further shown to enable aqueous Al electrochemical cells with unprecedented reversibility. As an illustration of the potential benefits of these interphases, we create simple Al||MnO2 aqueous cells and report that they provide high specific energy (approximately 500 Wh/kg, based on MnO2 mass in the cathode) and intrinsic safety features required for applications.

scholarly journals An Integral Cultural Space in Europe and New Challenges for its Economic Development

Ekonomika ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borisas Melnikas
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Cultural Policies ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Creation

The paper aims to evaluate the main features of the creation and development of an integral cultural space in Europe and the main problems of economic development in the context of the enlargement of the European Union and the transition processes in Central and Eastern Europe.The author has used the outcomes of the research done over the recent several years, dedicated to the diagnostics of the problems of transformations as well as economic and social development in Central and Eastern Europe with a special reference to the development of the integral cultural space and human rights in the context of economic development in the European Union.The major findings show that the creation and development of the integral cultural space in Europe is a very complex and controversial process, and in its course various problems and conflicts arise. Therefore, to encourage the creation of the integral cultural space in Europe, appropriate cultural policies are necessary to be implemented.These policies may embrace many priorities including- preservation of cultural diversity;- adaptation and dissemination of integrated European dimensions;- elimination of inappropriate factors within humanism and democracy of all European countries;- provision of equal rights for all groups of modern society.For implementation of key priorities of cultural policies, the use of a number of special pan-European programmes is suggested.The new non-traditional ideas of a possible economic and social development in Central and Eastern Europe are discussed.

scholarly journals A Partial Optimization Approach for Privacy Preserving Frequent Itemset Mining

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Shibnath Mukherjee ◽  
Aryya Gangopadhyay ◽  
Zhiyuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Frequent Itemset ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Data Generator ◽  
Hidden Cost ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Given ◽  
Optimal Set

While data mining has been widely acclaimed as a technology that can bring potential benefits to organizations, such efforts may be negatively impacted by the possibility of discovering sensitive patterns, particularly in patient data. In this article the authors present an approach to identify the optimal set of transactions that, if sanitized, would result in hiding sensitive patterns while reducing the accidental hiding of legitimate patterns and the damage done to the database as much as possible. Their methodology allows the user to adjust their preference on the weights assigned to benefits in terms of the number of restrictive patterns hidden, cost in terms of the number of legitimate patterns hidden, and damage to the database in terms of the difference between marginal frequencies of items for the original and sanitized databases. Most approaches in solving the given problem found in literature are all-heuristic based without formal treatment for optimality. While in a few work, ILP has been used previously as a formal optimization approach, the novelty of this method is the extremely low cost-complexity model in contrast to the others. They implement our methodology in C and C++ and ran several experiments with synthetic data generated with the IBM synthetic data generator. The experiments show excellent results when compared to those in the literature.

scholarly journals Economics, Politics, and Ethnicity in Balochistan's Transport Industry

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (4II) ◽  
pp. 619-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Titus
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
The State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Distribution Of Wealth ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Transport Industry ◽  
The Creation

Because of its potential to disrupt economic development, it is necessary to understand the dynamics of ethnic conflict in the contemporary world. A prevalent trend in the study of ethnicity is to focus on the creation and/or maintenance of ethnic identities and mobilisation on the basis of those identities as groups compete for resources, opportunities, or political power in the context of the nation-state [Barth (1969); Brass (1985); Comaroff (1987); Mumtaz (1990)]. In this approach, an ethnic group's distinguishing markers-language, custom, dress, etc.-are treated less as manifestations of tradition which define or create the group and more as arenas of negotiation and contestation in which people strive to realise their practical and symbolic interests. This happens as individuals or families, pursuing their livelihoods with the skills and resources available to them, find (or create) opportunities or obstacles which appear to be based on' ethnic criteria. The state can intensify this process as it uses positive or negative discrimination in order to achieve some desired distribution of wealth and opportunity. In turn, political leadership becomes a key in realising the experience of shared ethnic interests. Leadership develops as a kind of dual legitimation process, i.e., as individuals or organisations seek to be accepted as spokesmen both by members of the group itself and by outsiders.

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