scholarly journals Solid electrolyte interphases for high-energy aqueous aluminum electrochemical cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. eaau8131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Zhao ◽  
Michael J. Zachman ◽  
Wajdi I. Al Sadat ◽  
Jingxu Zheng ◽  
Lena F. Kourkoutis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Electrolyte ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electrochemical Cells ◽  
Interfacial Chemistry ◽  
Earth Abundant ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
High Specific Energy ◽  
Aqueous Aluminum ◽  
Safety Features

Electrochemical cells based on aluminum (Al) are of long-standing interest because Al is earth abundant, low cost, and chemically inert. The trivalent Al3+ ions also offer among the highest volume-specific charge storage capacities (8040 mAh cm−3), approximately four times larger than achievable for Li metal anodes. Rapid and irreversible formation of a high-electrical bandgap passivating Al2O3 oxide film on Al have, to date, frustrated all efforts to create aqueous Al-based electrochemical cells with high reversibility. Here, we investigate the interphases formed on metallic Al in contact with ionic liquid (IL)–eutectic electrolytes and find that artificial solid electrolyte interphases (ASEIs) formed spontaneously on the metal permanently transform its interfacial chemistry. The resultant IL-ASEIs are further shown to enable aqueous Al electrochemical cells with unprecedented reversibility. As an illustration of the potential benefits of these interphases, we create simple Al||MnO2 aqueous cells and report that they provide high specific energy (approximately 500 Wh/kg, based on MnO2 mass in the cathode) and intrinsic safety features required for applications.

Enabling high-performance room-temperature sodium/sulfur batteries with few-layer 2H-MoSe2 embellished nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres as polysulfide barrier

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunwei Dong ◽  
HongYu Zhou ◽  
Bo Jin ◽  
Wang Gao ◽  
Xingyou Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Earth Abundant ◽  
Hollow Carbon ◽  
Sodium Sulfur

Room-temperature sodium/sulfur (RT-Na/S) batteries are of considerable interest for next-generation energy storage systems because of the earth-abundant electrode materials, low cost, and high energy density. However, the widespread application of...

Physico-Chemical Analysis of GO-S and rGO-S Composites as Electrodes for Flexible Li-S Battery

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1080-1083
Author(s):  
Tarun Patodia ◽  
K. B. Sharma ◽  
Shalini Dixit ◽  
S. Katyayan ◽  
G. Agarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Graphene Oxides ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Bonding Structure ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
High Specific Energy

Lithium-sulphur batteries are one of the very appealing power sources with high energy density. In addition, sulfur (S) is also inexpensive, abundant, and nontoxic. Therefore, sulfur is a promising cathode material for high specific energy Li–S batteries. In this work, we used a low-cost and environmentally benign chemical reaction deposition strategy to immobilize sulfur on quasi two dimensional graphene oxides (GO) to prepare graphene oxide-sulfur (GO–S) and reduced-graphene oxide-sulfur (rGO–S) nanocomposite cathodes for Li–S batteries. The characterization of these composites have been performed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The XRD results reveals the orthorhombic crystalline structure of GO–S and rGO–S composites confirmed by diffraction peaks at 2θ = 22.90(222),25.90(026) and 28.00 (040). FT-IR spectra confirms bonding structure of composites. SEM and TEM images confirm interconnected network of GO–S and rGO–S composites having uniform surface morphology with particle size distribution 32–36 nm respectively.

Diffusion encouraged core-shell heterostructure Co3Sn2@SnO2 anode towards emerging dual ion battery with high energy density

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salunkhe Tejaswi Tanaji ◽  
Abhijit N Kadam ◽  
Weldejewergis Gebrewahid Kidanu ◽  
Sang-Wha Lee ◽  
Tuan Loi Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Safety Features

Lithium dual-ion batteries (LDIBs) are currently receiving great attention as energy-storage systems due to their low cost, environmentally friendly characteristics, and good safety features. Herein, mesoporous Co3Sn2 and SnO2 core-shell...

Janus – A New Approach to Air Combat Pilot Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Georges Bridel ◽  
Zdobyslaw Goraj ◽  
Lukasz Kiszkowiak ◽  
Jean-Georges Brévot ◽  
Jean-Pierre Devaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Training System ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Combat Aircraft ◽  
Air Combat ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Advanced jet training still relies on old concepts and solutions that are no longer efficient when considering the current and forthcoming changes in air combat. The cost of those old solutions to develop and maintain combat pilot skills are important, adding even more constraints to the training limitations. The requirement of having a trainer aircraft able to perform also light combat aircraft operational mission is adding unnecessary complexity and cost without any real operational advantages to air combat mission training. Thanks to emerging technologies, the JANUS project will study the feasibility of a brand-new concept of agile manoeuvrable training aircraft and an integrated training system, able to provide a live, virtual and constructive environment. The JANUS concept is based on a lightweight, low-cost, high energy aircraft associated to a ground based Integrated Training System providing simulated and emulated signals, simulated and real opponents, combined with real-time feedback on pilot’s physiological characteristics: traditionally embedded sensors are replaced with emulated signals, simulated opponents are proposed to the pilot, enabling out of sight engagement. JANUS is also providing new cost effective and more realistic solutions for “Red air aircraft” missions, organised in so-called “Aggressor Squadrons”.

Phosphoryl- and Phosphonium-Bridged Viologens as Stable Two- and Three-Electron Acceptors for Organic Electrodes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin R. Bridges ◽  
Andryj M. Borys ◽  
Vanessa Béland ◽  
Joshua R. Gaffen ◽  
Thomas Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electron Acceptors ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Organic Electrode ◽  
High Reduction ◽  
High Specific Energy

Low molecular weight organic molecules that can accept multiple electrons at high<br>reduction potentials are sought after as electrode materials for high-energy sustainable batteries. To date their synthesis has been difficult, and organic scaffolds for electron donors significantly outnumber electron acceptors. Herein, we report two highly electron deficient phosphaviologen derivatives from a phosphorus-bridged 4,4-bipyridine and characterize their electrochemical properties. Phosphaviologen sulfide (PVS) and P-methyl phosphaviologen (PVM) accept two and three electrons at high reduction potentials, respectively. PVM can reversibly accept 3 electrons between 3-3.6 V vs. Li/Li+ with an equivalent molecular weight of 102 g/(mol e-) (262 mAh/g), making it a promising scaffold for sustainable organic electrode materials having high specific energy densities.

Low-Cost Raw Materials Synthesized Na 2.9375PS 3.9375Cl 0.0625 Solid Electrolyte

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Nachuan Yang ◽  
Yi Shuai ◽  
Yunpeng Zhang ◽  
Kanghua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Solid Electrolyte ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost

scholarly journals Na0.76V6O15/Activated Carbon Hybrid Cathode for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Capacitors

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Renwei Lu ◽  
Xiaolong Ren ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Changzhen Zhan ◽  
Ding Nan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cycling Stability ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Artificial Graphite

Lithium-ion hybrid capacitors (LICs) are regarded as one of the most promising next generation energy storage devices. Commercial activated carbon materials with low cost and excellent cycling stability are widely used as cathode materials for LICs, however, their low energy density remains a significant challenge for the practical applications of LICs. Herein, Na0.76V6O15 nanobelts (NaVO) were prepared and combined with commercial activated carbon YP50D to form hybrid cathode materials. Credit to the synergism of its capacitive effect and diffusion-controlled faradaic effect, NaVO/C hybrid cathode displays both superior cyclability and enhanced capacity. LICs were assembled with the as-prepared NaVO/C hybrid cathode and artificial graphite anode which was pre-lithiated. Furthermore, 10-NaVO/C//AG LIC delivers a high energy density of 118.9 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 220.6 W kg−1 and retains 43.7 Wh kg−1 even at a high power density of 21,793.0 W kg−1. The LIC can also maintain long-term cycling stability with capacitance retention of approximately 70% after 5000 cycles at 1 A g−1. Accordingly, hybrid cathodes composed of commercial activated carbon and a small amount of high energy battery-type materials are expected to be a candidate for low-cost advanced LICs with both high energy density and power density.

scholarly journals Optically transparent and very thin structure against electromagnetic pulse (EMP) using metal mesh and saltwater for shielding windows

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duy Tung Phan ◽  
Chang Won Jung
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Pulse ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Optical Transparency ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Concrete Wall ◽  
Metal Mesh ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Optically Transparent

AbstractAn electromagnetic pulse (EMP) with high energy can damage electronic equipment instantly within a wide range of thousands of kilometers. Generally, a metal plate placed inside a thick concrete wall is used against an EMP, but it is not suitable for an EMP shielding window, which requires not only strong shielding effectiveness (SE) but also optical transparency (OT). In this paper, we propose a very thin and optically transparent structure with excellent SE for EMP shielding window application. The proposed structure consists of a saltwater layer held between two glass substrates and two metal mesh layers on the outside of the glass, with a total thickness of less than 1.5 cm. The SE and OT of the structure are above 80 dB and 45%, respectively, which not only meet the requirement of EMP shielding for military purposes but also retain the procedure of good observation. Moreover, the OT of the structure can be significantly improved using only one metal mesh film (MMF) layer, while the SE is still maintained high to satisfy the required SE for home applicants. With the major advantages of low cost, optical transparency, strong SE, and flexible performance, the proposed structure can be considered a good solution for transparent EMP shielding windows.

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