Validation of the rotation ratios method

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 658-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Foss ◽  
J. Klaksvik ◽  
P. Benum ◽  
S. Anda
Keyword(s):  
Reference Points ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Pelvic Radiographs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences

Background: The rotation ratios method describes rotations between pairs of sequential pelvic radiographs. The method seems promising but has not been validated. Purpose: To validate the accuracy of the rotation ratios method. Material and Methods: Known pelvic rotations between 165 radiographs obtained from five skeletal pelvises in an experimental material were compared with the corresponding calculated rotations to describe the accuracy of the method. The results from a clinical material of 262 pelvic radiographs from 46 patients defined the ranges of rotational differences compared. Repeated analyses, both on the experimental and the clinical material, were performed using the selected reference points to describe the robustness and the repeatability of the method. Results: The reference points were easy to identify and barely influenced by pelvic rotations. The mean differences between calculated and real pelvic rotations were 0.0° (SD 0.6) for vertical rotations and 0.1° (SD 0.7) for transversal rotations in the experimental material. The intra- and interobserver repeatability of the method was good. Conclusion: The accuracy of the method was reasonably high, and the method may prove to be clinically useful.

scholarly journals Repeated Pelvic Radiographs in Infants, After Harness Treatment for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip, Carry Very Low Radiation Risk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Vogel ◽  
Thomas Leaver ◽  
Fiona Wall ◽  
Ben Johnson ◽  
Michael Uglow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Lifetime Risk ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Pavlik Harness ◽  
Pelvic Radiographs ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objective There are no data on the effect of X-Ray irradiation to the vulnerable pelvic organs of babies during DDH follow-up. This study aims to calculate, for the first time, the radiation exposure to infants during follow-up for DDH harness treatment, and thus quantify the lifetime risk of malignancy. Methods Patients who had completed 5 years’ follow-up following successful Pavlik harness treatment were identified from the hospital DDH database. The radiation dose was extracted from the Computerised Radiology Information System database for every radiograph of every patient. The effective dose (ED) was calculated using conversion coefficients for age, sex and body region irradiated. Cumulative ED was compared to Health Protection Agency standards to calculate lifetime risk of malignancy from the radiographs. Results All radiographs of 40 infants, successfully treated in Pavlik harness for DDH, were assessed. The mean number of AP pelvis radiographs was 7.00 (range: 6–9, mode: 7). The mean cumulative ED was 0.25 mSv (Range: 0.11–0.46, SD: 0.07). This is far lower than the annual ‘safe’ limit for healthcare workers of 20 mSv and is categorised as “Very Low Risk”. Conclusion Clinicians involved in the treatment DDH can be re-assured that the cumulative radiation exposure from pelvic radiographs following Pavlik harness treatment is “Very Low Risk”. Whilst being mindful of any radiation exposure in children, this study provides a scientific answer that help addresses parental concerns.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Home-Based Occupational Therapy on COPM Performance and Satisfaction Scores in Patients with COPD

2020 ◽  
pp. 000841742097112
Author(s):  
Eleonore H. Koolen ◽  
Martijn A. Spruit ◽  
Marianne de Man ◽  
Jeanine C. Antons ◽  
Elieke Nijhuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Canadian Occupational Performance Measure ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences

Background. Occupational therapy (OT) may be an important intervention in patients with COPD, but studies show conflicting results. Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of home-based monodisciplinary OT in COPD patients Method. We conducted an observational clinical study. Main outcomes were the mean differences in the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) performance and satisfaction scores, pre and post intervention. Findings. Pre- and postintervention data were obtained from 41 patients. Statistically significant increases were observed in COPM performance (5.0 ± 1.1 versus 6.9 ± 0.9; P<0.001) and satisfaction (4.6 ± 1.3 versus 6.9 ± 1.0; P<0.001). The most frequently reported occupational performance problems were found in the domains of productivity (47%) and mobility (40%), fewer in self-care (10%) and the least in leisure (3%). Implications. Home-based monodisciplinary OT can contribute significantly to the improvement of daily functioning of patients with COPD. OT should therefore be considered more often as part of the integrated management of these patients.

Reference points for the length-based indicator Lmax5% for use in the assessment of data-limited stocks

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 2125-2139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Miethe ◽  
Yves Reecht ◽  
Helen Dobby
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Length Frequency ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Spawning Potential Ratio ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Commercial Sources ◽  
Length Frequency Data

Abstract In the absence of abundance indices from scientific surveys or commercial sources, reliable length frequency data from sampled commercial catches can be used to provide an indirect assessment of fishing mortality. Length-based indicators are simple metrics which describe length frequency distributions. The length-based indicator Lmax5%, the mean length of the largest 5% of individuals in the catch, combined with appropriately selected reference points, can be used to evaluate the presence of very large individuals in the catch and hence determine exploitation level. Using analytical per-recruit models, we derive reference points consistent with a spawning potential ratio of 40%. The reference points depend on the life history parameters for natural mortality, maturity, and growth (M, Lmat, L∞, k, CVL∞). Using available simulation tools, we investigate the sensitivity of the reference points to errors in these parameters and explore the usefulness of particular reference points for management purposes for stocks with different life histories. The proposed reference points are robust to uncertainty in length at first capture, Lc, and take into account the maturation schedule of a species. For those stocks with high M/k ratios (&gt;1), Lmax5%, combined with the appropriate reference point, can be used to provide a data-limited stock assessment.

scholarly journals The reproducibility of subjective appetite scores

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Raben ◽  
ANNA TAGLIABUE ◽  
Arne Astrup
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analogue Scale ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mean Differences

Although subjective appetite scores are widely used, studies on the reproducibility of this method are scarce. In the present study nine healthy, normal weight, young men recorded their subjective appetite sensations before and during 5 h after two different test meals A and B. The subjects tested each meal twice and in randomized order. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, 10 cm in length, were used to assess hunger, satiety, fullness, prospective food consumption and palatability of the meals. Plasma glucose and lactate concentrations were determined concomitantly. The repeatability was investigated for fasting values, Δ-mean 5 h and mean 5 h values, Δ-peak/nadir and peak/nadir values. Although the profiles of the postprandial responses were similar, the coefficients of repeatability (CR = 2SD) on the mean differences were large, ranging from 2·86 to 5.24 cm for fasting scores, 1·36 to 1·88 cm for mean scores, 2·98 to 5·42 cm for Δ-mean scores, and 3·16 to 6·44 cm for peak and Δ-peak scores. For palatability ratings the CK values varied more, ranging from 2·38 (taste) to 8·70 cm (aftertaste). Part of the difference in satiety ratings could be explained by the differences in palatability ratings. However, the low reproducibility may also be caused by a conditioned satiation or hunger due to the subjects' prior experience of the meals and therefore not just be a reflection of random noise. It is likely, however, that the variation in appetite ratings is due both to methodological day-to-day variation and to biological day-to-day variation in subjective appetite sensations.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of orthodontic temporary anchorage devices in canine retraction and anchorage preservation during the two-step technique: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haonan Tian ◽  
Congman Xie ◽  
Min Lin ◽  
Hongmei Yang ◽  
Aishu Ren
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Canine Retraction ◽  
Temporary Anchorage Devices ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Implant Anchorage

Abstract Background Temporary anchorage devices have been used for decades in orthodontic practice for many applications. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of orthodontic temporary anchorage devices in canine retraction during the two-step technique. Methods A search was systematically performed for articles published prior to June 30, 2019 in five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Scopus). The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool for controlled clinical trials (CCTs). The Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used for the quality assessment. Data concerning the mean difference in mesial molar movement and extent of canine retraction were extracted for statistical analysis. The mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were analyzed for continuous data. A meta-analysis with a random-effects model for comparable outcomes was carried out. Results Three RCTs and five CCTs were finally included. Meta-analysis showed a significant increase not only in anchorage preservation in the implant anchorage group in both the maxilla (1.56 mm, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.98, P < 0.00001) and the mandible (1.62 mm, 95% CI: 1.24 to 2.01, P < 0.00001) but also in canine retraction in the implant anchorage group in both the maxilla (0.43 mm, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.69, P = 0.001) and the mandible (0.26 mm, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.49, P = 0.03). Conclusions There is very low-quality evidence showing that implant anchorage is more efficient than conventional anchorage during canine retraction. Additional high-quality studies are needed.

scholarly journals Personality of ‘Only Children’ and ‘Children with a Sibling’

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya Eknath Badi
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
T Test ◽  
Joint Family ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences

Nowadays in India, a social and family structure is changing rapidly. Society is shifting from its traditional joint family structure to nuclear families. In last few years, it is observed that couples prefer to keep their family smaller and many of them even prefer to have only one child. The current study tries to explore the effect of being single or having a sibling on the personality of children. Following the OCEAN model of personality, NEO-FFI was administered on 200 college students. 50 girls and 50 boys without a sibling and 50 girls and 50 boys with one sibling were selected from senior colleges in Pune city. By using ‘t’ test the mean differences were statistically computed. Results showed that there are no significant differences between only children and children with a sibling on all five factors of personality (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism).

scholarly journals Strengths among Contemporary Teenagers: A Comparative Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Rani ◽  
Punam Midha ◽  
Ankita Budhiraja
Keyword(s):  
Harmonious Society ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Signature Strengths ◽  
Fast Speed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Purposive Sample

Male and female are two indispensible wheels of a chariot, thus both complement each other and this is a fact that without any one of them, it is just impossible to imagine the smooth continuation of the journey of life. India is a country where women were worshiped as Goddess. Though the society in which we live has been shaped historically by males. But recently the existing scenario appears to be changing with the realization of strengths among females. A harmonious society appears to be emerging with the fast speed of decline in gender-specificity. In order to empirically confirm these notions, the present researchers decided to explore and compare the profile of strengths of male-female adolescents. A test of Hindi adaptation of Value In Action (VIA) Inventory of Strengths for Youth by Shree and Singh (2013) was used. A purposive sample of 150 adolescents in which 75 were males and 75 were females with the age range of 13-17 years was drawn from Rohtak city, Haryana. The descriptive statistics was used to find out the mean differences in strengths of male and female adolescents. They differed to some extent in their profile of signature strengths. Further the profile of top five strengths also called “signature strengths”, the male and female differed in two out of five signature strengths. The similar signature strengths found in both male and female adolescents were such as judgment/critical thinking, appreciation of beauty and love, however they differed on two strengths such as zest and perspective were found in male while kindness and modesty were found in female. The inference drawn from the current study is that females are more humane than the male counterpart whereas males are found to be more courageous than females. The need to foster or enhance certain strengths in specific gender are discussed in the paper.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis: Randomized Trials of Lactobacillus plantarum on Immune Regulation Over the Last Decades

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Chuantao Peng ◽  
Hafiz Arbab Sakandar ◽  
Lai-Yu Kwok ◽  
Wenyi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum strains, belong to lactic acid bacteria group, are considered indispensable probiotics. Here, we performed meta-analysis to evaluate the regulatory effects of L. plantarum on the immunity during clinical trials. This meta-analysis was conducted by searching across four most common literature databases, namely, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed. Clinical trial articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed by Review Manager (version 5.3). p-value &lt; 0.05 of the total effect was considered statistically significant. Finally, total of 677 references were retrieved, among which six references and 18 randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. The mean differences observed at 95% confidence interval: interleukin (IL)-4, −0.48 pg/mL (−0.79 to −0.17; p &lt; 0.05); IL-10, 9.88 pg/mL (6.52 to 13.2; p &lt; 0.05); tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, −2.34 pg/mL (−3.5 to −1.19; p &lt; 0.05); interferon (IFN)-γ, −0.99 pg/mL (−1.56 to −0.41; p &lt; 0.05). Therefore, meta-analysis results suggested that L. plantarum could promote host immunity by regulating pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.

scholarly journals A Randomized Controlled Trial of Daily and Weekly Iron Supplementations for Improving Iron Status in the Infants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalinee Pattrakornkul ◽  
Parichaya Ngamcherdtrakul ◽  
Warawut Kriangburapa ◽  
Siriporn Tangjaturonrasme ◽  
Ramorn Yampratoom
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Daily Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Weekly Group

Abstract Background: Iron deficiency anemia screening and iron supplementation in infants aged 6-12 months are recommended in the Guideline in Child Health Supervision. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of weekly iron supplementation compared with daily supplementation in improving the iron status in infants.Methods: A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted in infants aged 6 months visiting the Well Child Clinic between May 2019 and November 2020 at Burapha University Hospital, Chonburi, Thailand. The intervention consisted of either daily or weekly iron supplementation combined with iron-rich complementary food promotion for six months. The outcomes were the differences of serum ferritin and hematological variables before and after being iron supplemented. Results: Sixty-nine six-month-old healthy infants were randomized to receive either 10 mg Fe/day (daily group) or 30 mg Fe/week (weekly group). Forty-five infants (daily group; n = 24 and weekly group; n = 21) completed the intervention. After the six-month period of iron supplementation, the mean differences of serum ferritin in the daily and the weekly group were 8.78±37.21 and -13.05 ±17.53 ng/mL, respectively (95%CI: 4.54, 39.12; P=0.015). The mean differences of hemoglobin in the daily and the weekly group were 0.58±0.82 and 0.08±0.59 g/dL, respectively (95%CI: 0.06, 0.93; P=0.026). Daily supplementation could prevent iron deficiency more than weekly supplementation significantly (P=0.029), particularly in the exclusive breastfeeding subgroup (P=0.032).Conclusions: Daily iron supplementation is more effective than weekly iron supplementation in improving iron status and hemoglobin level in infants, especially in the exclusively breast-feds.Trial registration: TCTR20191107001, November 7th, 2019. Retrospectively registered, http://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org

scholarly journals An Invariant Three-polar Representation for R3 Surfaces: Robustness and Accuracy for 3D Faces Description

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Majdi Jribi ◽  
Faouzi Ghorbel
Keyword(s):  
Hausdorff Distance ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Curved Surface ◽  
Surface Representation ◽  
Level Curves ◽  
Polar Representation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Invariant Points ◽  
The One ◽  
Human Faces

In this paper, we intend to introduce a new curved surface representation that we qualify by three-polar. It is constructed by the superposition of the three geodesic potentials generated from three reference points of the surface. By considering a pre-selected levels set of this superposition, invariant points are obtained. The accuracy of the three-polar representation for 3D human faces description is performed in the mean of the Hausdorff distance. A comparison between this representation and the one based on the level curves around the nose tip is established in the sense of the robustness under errors on the nose tip positions.

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