Exploring the limits of institutional change: The direct election of mayors in Western Europe

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Magre ◽  
Xavier Bertrana
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Direct Election

scholarly journals ARGENTINA EN EL MUNDO: ¿IDAS Y VUELTAS?

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Alejandro SIMONOFF
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
Policy Agendas

The article seeks to find the reasons why Argentina’s foreign policy is shown to be oscillating, fundamentally thinking about the latest institutional change, and to explore some of the keys aspects of this event. Argentina’s foreign policy has gone through different stages and the last presidential elections have shown potential changes regarding the future of this agenda. The article begins with a brief review of the foreign policy implemented in the government of Mauricio Macri, based on an alignment with the United States, Western Europe and Japan as world powers. The next section presents analytical perspectives for foreign policy agendas. Subsequently, the article presents an analysis of the notable movements of the government of Mauricio Macri in foreign policy.

The Changes to Core Democratic Rules in Western Europe, 1990–2010

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Bedock
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Common Trends ◽  
The Common ◽  
Six Dimensions ◽  
Western European

This chapter aims to describe the changes that were made to core democratic rules in Western Europe between 1990 and 2010, by using the database on ‘Institutional change in advanced European democracies’. With the inclusion of six dimensions of reform over twenty years in eighteen Western European democracies, this database enables us to grasp the amount, the direction, and the format of change in consolidated democracies. The contrasts and the common trends that appear across dimensions of reform and across countries are discussed, focusing on the number and extent of reforms (minor vs. substantial), their direction (inclusive vs. exclusive), and their format (bundled or isolated). The main conclusions to be drawn are that both the rarity and singularity of reform can be dismissed as the illusions they are, and that reforms adopted over the last decades have overwhelmingly moved towards greater inclusiveness.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Bedock
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Party System ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
System Change ◽  
Geometric Construction ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Research Perspectives

Based on where a painter places her easel, the same landscape will be represented differently. Some objects will appear distant and blurred, others close up and colourful. The sun will light up the sky in a particular and unique way at any given time, so that the very same object may seem different on another day or from another perspective. For an impressionist painter, reality would be represented as a series of broken brush strokes, whereas a Renaissance Florentine painter would emphasize lines and devote time to the geometric construction of the painting. This can be applied as a metaphor for change and stability: according to a researcher’s chosen perspective, she may place greater emphasis on elements that vary, or on those that remain the same, she may pay greater attention to particular details, or focus more on general impressions, so that what she sees as reality is, in fact, only a particular perspective. To understand how conceptions of reality become crystallized within particular research perspectives, it is useful to draw a parallel between party system change and institutional change before presenting the topic of this book: institutional engineering in Western Europe during the last two decades....

Growth and Institutional Change: The Influence of the Spanish Regionalisation Process on Economic Performance

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Rodríguez-Pose
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between institutional change and economic growth has been attracting great attention in recent years. However, despite some notable exceptions, researchers have been wary to approach this topic empirically. This paper represents an empirical attempt to try to unravel the impact on economic performance of what has been one of the most significant processes of institutional change in Western Europe in the past few decades—the regionalisation process—by taking the case of Spain, one of the countries where the shift from a highly centralised to a decentralised structure has been most profound. Results show that, at least in the early stages, the emergence of the Spanish regional state has had slightly beneficial effects on the relative growth performance of regions achieving the greatest level of autonomy when compared with their growth rates in the high point of Spanish centralism. Nevertheless, it is still too early to assert whether this positive influence will be a long-lasting one or can be attributed mainly to the dynamics of institutional change and, thus, will wane with time.

Reforming Democracy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Bedock
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
The Core ◽  
Western European ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Key Questions

When, why, and how are democratic institutions reformed? This is the broad question guiding this research, rooted in a context of declining political support in Western Europe. This book deals with the context, the motives, and the mechanisms explaining the incidence of institutional engineering in consolidated Western European democracies between 1990 and 2015. It is centred on the choice of elites to use—or not to use—institutional engineering as a response to the challenges they face. The book answers two key questions about institutional change. First, how much change to the core democratic rules can be observed over the course of the last twenty-five years, where did change take place, and at what point in time? Second, why are some reform attempts successful while others are not? The use of a wide comparison of Western European democracies over time is the central contribution of the book in tackling these two issues. This enables a development of the concept of bundles of reforms, a key analytical tool to understand institutional change in a longitudinal and comparative perspective.

scholarly journals The Rise of Europe: Atlantic Trade, Institutional Change, and Economic Growth

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 546-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daron Acemoglu ◽  
Simon Johnson ◽  
James Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
New World ◽  
Atlantic Trade

The rise of Western Europe after 1500 is due largely to growth in countries with access to the Atlantic Ocean and with substantial trade with the New World, Africa, and Asia via the Atlantic. This trade and the associated colonialism affected Europe not only directly, but also indirectly by inducing institutional change. Where “initial” political institutions (those established before 1500) placed significant checks on the monarchy, the growth of Atlantic trade strengthened merchant groups by constraining the power of the monarchy, and helped merchants obtain changes in institutions to protect property rights. These changes were central to subsequent economic growth.

Institutional Change and the Longevity of the Ottoman Empire, 1500–1800

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şevket Pamuk
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Power Base ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Military Institutions

The central bureaucracy of the Ottoman Empire adapted the empire's economic, monetary, and military institutions to changing circumstances with a degree of flexibility and pragmatism that permitted the empire to endure longer than contemporary empires in Asia and Western Europe. However, because it directed its policies primarily toward preserving the traditional order, including its own dominance, it tended to stifle capital accumulation in private hands and the creation of a broad power base, thus ultimately leading to the empire's disintegration.

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