Cytokine Concentrations in Saliva vs. Plasma at Rest and in Response to Intense Exercise in Adolescent Athletes

BACKGROUND: Appropriate nutrition is important to maintain health, growth, and development of adolescent athlete performance. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of nutritional intervention (NI) promoting Mediterranean diet (MD), on food consumption, and adherence to MD, in scholar adolescent athletes. METHODS: Eighty athletes (Females/Males, 39/41) aged 15±1 years participated to NI. MD Adherence was assessed, using Kidmed index, at baseline, and at 6 months. Food intake was evaluated by 24-hour recall at baseline, and at four NI times. RESULTS: At baseline, 61% of athletes had poor MD adherence, and after NI, this value decreased to 10%. At 6 months of NI, 73% of males vs 46% of females had good MD adherence (≥8). Energy intake represented 2369 Kcal/d, at baseline, and was less than recommended value. After NI, significant increase was observed in energy intake (p = 0.001). Mean fiber intake (19 and 21 g/d in females and males, respectively) was less than adequate intake (26/38 g/d), but increased after NI (p = 0.000). Enhancement was noted in total, and complex carbohydrates, and total proteins, and values were increased with time (p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Nutritional intervention, based on Mediterranean diet, improves total energy, and macronutrients intake, and increases MD adherence scores in adolescents athletes.

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The Mediation Effect of Adolescent Athletes’ Passion and Identity in the Relationship Between Positive Thinking and Sports Happiness Perception

Korean Journal of Sport Studies ◽

10.23949/kjpe.2017.01.56.1.14 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 181-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Koo-In Jung ◽

Ki-Hyun Song

Keyword(s):

Mediation Effect ◽

Positive Thinking ◽

Adolescent Athletes ◽

The Relationship

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Mood Scores as Predictor of Run Performance Profiles in Adolescent Athletes

Medicina Sportiva ◽

10.2478/v10036-009-0027-0 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 163-170

Author(s):

Jolanda Roose ◽

Wouter de Vries ◽

Sandor Schmikli ◽

Frank Backx ◽

Lorenz van Doornen

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Athletes ◽

Performance Profiles

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Adolescent athletes and nutrition – analysis of two groups of children

SPORT AND SOCIETY ◽

10.36836/2020/1/3 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Tatyana Dzimbova

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Energy Deficit ◽

Young Athletes ◽

Adolescent Athletes ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

The Right

Introduction. Proper nutrition is crucial for child and adolescent athletes to maintain growth and development and to achieveoptimal results in sports. It is very important to balance the energy expenditure with the energy intake in order to prevent the energy deficit or excess.Materials and methods. Subjects involved in two different sports participated in the study: 13 gymnasts (age 13.8 ± 4.1 years, height 153.4 ± 11.3 cm, weight 47.1 ± 10.5 kg) and 15 basketball players (age 15.5 ± 1.1 years, height 176.7 ± 7.9 cm, weight 65.2 ± 10.7 kg). Determination of total energy expenditure was made by prediction equations. The subjects maintained a food records for 5 consecutive days, which were processed in the ASA24 system of the NCI. Results and discussion. Energy intake in both groups is sufficient to meet the daily needs, development of young athletes andprovide the energy needed in training. The intake of three minerals (calcium, magnesium and potassium) and three vitamins (D, E and A) was lower than recommended values in both groups.Conclusion. As a result of the busy schedule of adolescent athletes, their main meals are out of home, and the proportion of highly processed foods containing small amounts of important vitamins and minerals is high. The main recommendations include dairy products, fruits, vegetables and whole grains. The idea behind the changes is to give young athletes the right diet and the right eating habits.

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Recurrent neural network-based acute concussion classifier using raw resting state EEG data

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91614-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Karun Thanjavur ◽

Arif Babul ◽

Brandon Foran ◽

Maya Bielecki ◽

Adam Gilchrist ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Recurrent Neural Network ◽

Resting State ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Health Concern ◽

Adolescent Athletes ◽

Individual Level ◽

Diffuse Brain Injury ◽

Eeg Data

AbstractConcussion is a global health concern. Despite its high prevalence, a sound understanding of the mechanisms underlying this type of diffuse brain injury remains elusive. It is, however, well established that concussions cause significant functional deficits; that children and youths are disproportionately affected and have longer recovery time than adults; and that individuals suffering from a concussion are more prone to experience additional concussions, with each successive injury increasing the risk of long term neurological and mental health complications. Currently, the most significant challenge in concussion management is the lack of objective, clinically- accepted, brain-based approaches for determining whether an athlete has suffered a concussion. Here, we report on our efforts to address this challenge. Specifically, we introduce a deep learning long short-term memory (LSTM)-based recurrent neural network that is able to distinguish between non-concussed and acute post-concussed adolescent athletes using only short (i.e. 90 s long) samples of resting state EEG data as input. The athletes were neither required to perform a specific task nor expected to respond to a stimulus during data collection. The acquired EEG data were neither filtered, cleaned of artefacts, nor subjected to explicit feature extraction. The LSTM network was trained and validated using data from 27 male, adolescent athletes with sports related concussion, benchmarked against 35 non-concussed adolescent athletes. During rigorous testing, the classifier consistently identified concussions with an accuracy of > 90% and achieved an ensemble median Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC/AUC) equal to 0.971. This is the first instance of a high-performing classifier that relies only on easy-to-acquire resting state, raw EEG data. Our concussion classifier represents a promising first step towards the development of an easy-to-use, objective, brain-based, automatic classification of concussion at an individual level.

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Extreme weight control behaviors among adolescent athletes: Links with weight-related maltreatment from parents and coaches and sport ethic norms

International Review for the Sociology of Sport ◽

10.1177/10126902211018672 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 101269022110186

Author(s):

Véronique Boudreault ◽

Marie-Pierre Gagnon-Girouard ◽

Noémie Carbonneau ◽

Sophie Labossière ◽

Catherine Bégin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Control ◽

Online Survey ◽

The Other ◽

Weight Class ◽

Psychological Violence ◽

French Canadian ◽

Adolescent Athletes ◽

Weight Control Behaviors ◽

Specific Factors

The use of extreme weight-control behaviors is prevalent among adolescent athletes and may result from individual and sport-specific factors. Weight-related maltreatment from coaches and parents, and conformity to sport ethic norms have recently been linked to the use of extreme weight-control behaviors. This study aims to investigate the role of sport ethic norms and weight-related maltreatment from coaches and parents in the use of extreme weight-control behaviors among adolescent athletes. A sample of 999 French-Canadian athletes aged 14–17 years competing in a variety of sports completed an online survey assessing extreme weight-control behaviors, weight-related maltreatment from coaches and parents, and conformity to sport ethic norms. A total of 16.9% of the adolescent athletes reported having adopted extreme weight-control behaviors during their athletic careers. Extreme weight-control behaviors were significantly more prevalent among girls (19.75% vs 9.7% in boys) and weight-class-sport athletes (44%). In addition, 7.4% of the sample experienced at least one type of weight-related maltreatment by coaches or parents. Sex, weight-related neglect by coaches and parents, and weight-related psychological violence by coaches explained 24.4% of extreme weight-control behaviors variance. Indeed, participants who engaged in extreme weight-control behaviors experienced significantly more violence than the other participants did. In contrast, no differences were observed between people who engaged in extreme weight-control behaviors and those who did not due to conformity to sport ethic norms.

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COVID-19: Analysis of cavitary air inspired through a mask, in competitive adolescent athletes

Apunts Sports Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.apunsm.2021.100349 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 56 (210) ◽

pp. 100349

Author(s):

Ignasi de Yzaguirre i Maura ◽

Joaquim Terricabras Genís ◽

Diego Dulanto Zabala ◽

Mauricio Monaco ◽

Jordi Santiago Garcia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Athletes

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Effect of Intense Exercise on Plasma Macrominerals and Trace Elements in Lidia Bulls

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci8060097 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 97

Author(s):

Francisco Escalera-Valente ◽

Marta E. Alonso ◽

Juan M. Lomillos ◽

Vicente R. Gaudioso ◽

Ángel J. Alonso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Metabolism ◽

Sweat Glands ◽

Stressful Situation ◽

Biological Functions ◽

Intense Exercise ◽

Physical Effort ◽

Mean Values ◽

Inorganic Substances ◽

Body Tissues ◽

Icp Ms

Minerals are inorganic substances present in all body tissues and fluids that directly or indirectly influence the maintenance of multiple metabolic processes and, therefore, are essential for the development of various biological functions. The Lidia bull breed may be considered an athlete, as during a bull fight it displays considerable physical effort of great intensity and short duration in a highly stressful situation. The objective of this study was to assess plasma minerals concentration (macro- and microminerals) in Lidia bulls after intense physical exercise during a bull fight. Plasma Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se and Mo concentrations were measured in 438 male Lidia bulls. Ca, P and Mg were measured using a Cobas Integra autoanalyzer, while Na and K were determined by ICP-AES, and Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se and Mo were measured by ICP-MS. All macrominerals, (Ca: 2.96 ± 0.31, Mg: 1.27 ± 0.17, P: 3.78 ± 0.65, K: 7.50 ± 1.58, Na: 150.15 ± 19.59 in mmol/L), and Cr (1.24 ± 0.58), Ni (0.249 ± 1.07), Cu (22.63 ± 4.84) and Zn (24.14 ± 5.59, in μmol/L) showed greater mean values than the reported reference values in the published literature, while Co (0.041 ± 0.07), Se (0.886 ± 0.21) and Mo (0.111 ± 0.08, in μmol/L) values were lower than those reported for other bovine breeds. These increased concentrations could be justified mainly by muscle cell metabolism, hepatic need to provide energy, and intense dehydration and hemoconcentration by losses through sweat glands or urination.

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Biomechanical Symmetry during Drop Jump Landing and Takeoff in Adolescent Athletes Following Recent Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym13040639 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 639

Author(s):

Eva M. Ciccodicola ◽

Nicole M. Mueske ◽

Mia J. Katzel ◽

Curtis D. VandenBerg ◽

James Lee Pace ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ◽

Ligament Reconstruction ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Jump Height ◽

Drop Jump ◽

Adolescent Athletes ◽

Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ◽

Anterior Cruciate

This study investigated asymmetry between lower extremities during the landing and takeoff phases of a vertical drop jump (VDJ) in adolescent athletes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and examined if performance was affected by reducing jump height. Thirty-three athletes who underwent ACLR and were referred for 3D biomechanical assessment before returning to play (mean age 15.9, SD 1.3 years; 16/33 female; mean time since surgery 7.4, SD 1.2 months) completed the VDJ while kinematics and kinetics were collected using motion capture. Lower extremity symmetry was compared between phases using paired t-tests. Jump height was calculated to measure performance. Asymmetries in ankle inversion, ankle adduction, knee adduction, hip adduction, hip adduction moment, and hip rotation moment were observed in both phases. Asymmetry was also observed in both phases for sagittal moments and power integrals at the knee and ankle and total power integral, with the magnitude of asymmetry being smaller during takeoff for power absorption/generation. Jump height was related to power generation integrals during takeoff but not to the asymmetry of power generation. Since asymmetries are translated from landing through takeoff, rehabilitation should address both phases to decrease injury risk and maximize performance after return to play.

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