scholarly journals Effect of Intense Exercise on Plasma Macrominerals and Trace Elements in Lidia Bulls

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Francisco Escalera-Valente ◽  
Marta E. Alonso ◽  
Juan M. Lomillos ◽  
Vicente R. Gaudioso ◽  
Ángel J. Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Intense Exercise ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Icp Ms

Minerals are inorganic substances present in all body tissues and fluids that directly or indirectly influence the maintenance of multiple metabolic processes and, therefore, are essential for the development of various biological functions. The Lidia bull breed may be considered an athlete, as during a bull fight it displays considerable physical effort of great intensity and short duration in a highly stressful situation. The objective of this study was to assess plasma minerals concentration (macro- and microminerals) in Lidia bulls after intense physical exercise during a bull fight. Plasma Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se and Mo concentrations were measured in 438 male Lidia bulls. Ca, P and Mg were measured using a Cobas Integra autoanalyzer, while Na and K were determined by ICP-AES, and Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se and Mo were measured by ICP-MS. All macrominerals, (Ca: 2.96 ± 0.31, Mg: 1.27 ± 0.17, P: 3.78 ± 0.65, K: 7.50 ± 1.58, Na: 150.15 ± 19.59 in mmol/L), and Cr (1.24 ± 0.58), Ni (0.249 ± 1.07), Cu (22.63 ± 4.84) and Zn (24.14 ± 5.59, in μmol/L) showed greater mean values than the reported reference values in the published literature, while Co (0.041 ± 0.07), Se (0.886 ± 0.21) and Mo (0.111 ± 0.08, in μmol/L) values were lower than those reported for other bovine breeds. These increased concentrations could be justified mainly by muscle cell metabolism, hepatic need to provide energy, and intense dehydration and hemoconcentration by losses through sweat glands or urination.

Toxic Elements in Dried Milk and Evaluation of their Dietary Intake in Infant Formula

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Tolerable Daily Intake ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Infant Foods ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Maximum Limit ◽  
Sensitive Group

Infant’s feeding patterns are important for development and growth; therefore babies are very sensitive to toxic elements, mainly through their food, so in the present study, the concentrations and daily intake of some Toxic Elements (TEs); Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg) and Aluminum (Al) were measured in different and random 60 dried infant foods {30 infant formula (0-6 months) and 30 milk-cereal based infant formula (6 months)} which obtained from various supermarkets and pharmacies. The analysis was done using Inductive Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). It could be determined the lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury and aluminum by mean values of 0.424±0.006, 0.205±0.003, 0.014±0.0001, 0.298±0.007and 0.464±0.029 mg/Kg in the examined infant milk formula samples and a ranged minimum to maximum concentrations of 0.114-0.177, 0.155-0.293, 0.014-0.015, 0.282-0.310 and 0.287-0.437 mg/kg, respectively in the examined milk-cereal based infant formula. Present study indicates that, the greater level of contamination of examined infant formula samples with toxic elements (lead and mercury) surpasses the maximum limit and Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI) of these elements. Mercury is over PTDI (0.0005 mg/kg bw/day) in all milk-cereal based infant formula samples, also arsenic in all examined samples of this type of formula was exceed the maximum limit (0.05 mg/kg) of Indian standard. This investigation shows such types of infant formula need more amendment to set limit of more toxic metals for this sensitive group of population.

scholarly journals The Sweat Glands and Hair Follicles of European Cattle

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Mcewan Jenkinson ◽  
T Nay
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
European Cattle

Measurements were made on the skins of 1363 cattle from different European breeds. The mean values of these measurements have been tabulated for each breed and the skin types present in each breed or group of breeds have been determined using sweat gland shape (LID) and hair follicle depth (FrY) as the principal bases of comparison.

scholarly journals Nitric Oxide in Macrophage Immunometabolism: Hiding in Plain Sight

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Erika M. Palmieri ◽  
Christopher McGinity ◽  
David A. Wink ◽  
Daniel W. McVicar
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
M1 Macrophages ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Nitric Oxide (NO) is a soluble endogenous gas with various biological functions like signaling, and working as an effector molecule or metabolic regulator. In response to inflammatory signals, immune myeloid cells, like macrophages, increase production of cytokines and NO, which is important for pathogen killing. Under these proinflammatory circumstances, called “M1”, macrophages undergo a series of metabolic changes including rewiring of their tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Here, we review findings indicating that NO, through its interaction with heme and non-heme metal containing proteins, together with components of the electron transport chain, functions not only as a regulator of cell respiration, but also a modulator of intracellular cell metabolism. Moreover, diverse effects of NO and NO-derived reactive nitrogen species (RNS) involve precise interactions with different targets depending on concentration, temporal, and spatial restrictions. Although the role of NO in macrophage reprogramming has been in evidence for some time, current models have largely minimized its importance. It has, therefore, been hiding in plain sight. A review of the chemical properties of NO, past biochemical studies, and recent publications, necessitates that mechanisms of macrophage TCA reprogramming during stimulation must be re-imagined and re-interpreted as mechanistic results of NO exposure. The revised model of metabolic rewiring we describe here incorporates many early findings regarding NO biochemistry and brings NO out of hiding and to the forefront of macrophages immunometabolism.

scholarly journals Influence of classic massage on cardiac autonomic modulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Augusto Paschoal
Keyword(s):  
Test Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Introduction: Massage can be defined as the rhythmic and smooth manipulation of body tissues, with the aim to promote health and well-being. Objective: To assess the influence of classic massage on cardiac autonomic modulation. Methods: Cross-sectional study that evaluated healthy participants, with mean age between 18 and 25 years, divided into two groups: test group (TG, n=11) and control group (CG, n=10). The TG had their heartbeat recorded for 5min before receiving a classic massage for 40min and during three periods after this procedure: 0-5min, 5-10min and 10-15min. The CG had their heartbeats recorded at the same time; without receive massage. Cardiac autonomic modulation was investigated by heart rate variability (HRV). Results: The mean values of HRV rates were: pNN50, respectively, for the TG: before massage (10.5 ± 9.5%), and after massage: 0-5min (11.6 ± 7.2%), 5-10min (12.1 ± 8.0%) and 10-15min (11.1 ± 7.9%), with no significant statistical difference. The same result was found for the mean values of rMSSD index of the TG; before massage: 52.1 ± 46.2 ms, and after massage: 0-5min (50.0 ± 21.6ms), 5-10min (52.0 ± 27.4 ms) and 10-15min (48.2 ± 21.1 ms). Also, the values of LFnuand HFnu indexes did not change significantly before and after massage, and they were not statistically different from the values presented by the control group. Conclusion: The study results suggest that one session of classic massage does not modify cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy young adults.

scholarly journals Carbon Monoxide Targeting Mitochondria

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia S. F. Queiroga ◽  
Ana S. Almeida ◽  
Helena L. A. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Membrane Permeabilization ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Cellular Target ◽  
Cellular Source ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane Permeabilization

Mitochondria present two key roles on cellular functioning: (i) cell metabolism, being the main cellular source of energy and (ii) modulation of cell death, by mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenously produced gaseoustransmitter, which presents several biological functions and is involved in maintaining cell homeostasis and cytoprotection. Herein, mitochondrion is approached as the main cellular target of carbon monoxide (CO). In this paper, two main perspectives concerning CO modulation of mitochondrial functioning are evaluated. First, the role of CO on cellular metabolism, in particular oxidative phosphorylation, is discussed, namely, on: cytochromecoxidase activity, mitochondrial respiration, oxygen consumption, mitochondrial biogenesis, and general cellular energetic status. Second, the mitochondrial pathways involved in cell death inhibition by CO are assessed, in particular the control of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization.

Effects of exercise on muscle transverse relaxation determined by MR imaging and in vivo relaxometry

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Saab ◽  
R. Terry Thompson ◽  
Greg D. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Intense Exercise ◽  
Transverse Relaxation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Echo Time ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Muscle Changes ◽  
Resting Muscle

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of intense exercise on the proton transverse (T2) relaxation of human skeletal muscle. The flexor digitorium profundus muscles of 12 male subjects were studied by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; 6 echoes, 18-ms echo time) and in vivo magnetic resonance relaxometry (1,000 echoes, 1.2-ms echo time), before and after an intense handgrip exercise. MRI of resting muscle produced a single T2 value of 32 ms that increased by 19% ( P < 0.05) with exercise. In vivo relaxometry showed at least three T2 components (>5 ms) for all subjects with mean values of 21, 40, and 137 ms and respective magnitudes of 34, 49, and 14% of the total magnetic resonance signal. These component magnitudes changed with exercise by −44% ( P < 0.05), +52% ( P < 0.05), and +23% ( P < 0.05), respectively. These results demonstrate that intense exercise has a profound effect on the multicomponent T2 relaxation of muscle. Changes in the magnitudes of all the T2 components synergistically increase MRI T2, but changes in the two shortest T2components predominate.

scholarly journals Current Status of Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound for Dental Purposes

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Braga Rego ◽  
Takashi Takata ◽  
Kazuo Tanne ◽  
Eiji Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Pulsed Ultrasound ◽  
Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
The Past

Over the past few years, tissue engineering applied to the dental field has achieved relevant results. Tissue engineering can be described by actions taken to improve biological functions. Several methods have been described to enhance cellular performance and low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has shown to play an important role in cell metabolism. The present article provides an overview about the current status of LIPUS as a tissue engineering tool to be used to enhance tooth and periodontal regeneration.

HPLC-ICP-MS for simultaneous quantification of the total and active form of the thioredoxin reductase enzyme in human serum using auranofin as an activity-based probe

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1895-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Gómez-Espina ◽  
Elisa Blanco-González ◽  
Maria Montes-Bayón ◽  
Alfredo Sanz-Medel
Keyword(s):  
Cell Survival ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductase ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
Simultaneous Quantification ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductase 1 ◽  
Icp Ms

Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) is a cytosolic and extracellular enzyme involved in cellular redox homeostasis and other important biological functions for cell survival.

scholarly journals Morphological evaluation and clinical significance of proximal femoral dimensions among Southern Nigerian population

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4180
Author(s):  
Emmanuel N. Obikili ◽  
Dayo R. Omotoso
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Morphological Evaluation ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Nigerian Population ◽  
Bilateral Differences ◽  
Neck Diameter ◽  
Head Neck

Background: Anthropometric studies are vital in evaluation and description of morphological characteristics of body tissues of living individuals or dead remains. This study was done to evaluate proximal femoral dimensions and to describe sexual or bilateral dimorphism among Southern Nigerians.Methods: This study involved 500 pelvic radiographs showing proximal aspects of right and left femurs of Southern Nigerians (including 250 males and 250 females) between ages 25 to 55 years. Measurements taken on radiographs include transverse diameter and vertical diameter of femoral head, neck diameter (ND), neck length (NL) and proximal shaft diameter. Bilateral measurements were recorded and average values evaluated. Data were analyzed using IBM-statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) (version 20) and statistical comparison was done using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with p<0.05 regarded as statistically significant level.Results: Proximal femoral dimensions showed non-significant bilateral differences with right side having higher values in all parameters except NL in males and ND in females. Also, mean values for TD (5.39±0.25 and 4.28±0.21), VD (5.01±0.21 and 4.58±0.19), ND (4.03±0.22 and 3.61±0.18), NL (2.08±0.11 and 1.79±0.10) for male and females subjects respectively showed sexual dimorphism in all parameters with males having significantly (p<0.05) higher values than females.Conclusions: The femur is an important bone in human body that plays crucial morphological and physiological role and offers prominent anthropometric value.

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