Effect of leaf rust disease on photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll contents and grain yield of wheat

AbstractThree hypersensitive resistant, six partially resistant (slow rusting), and one susceptible spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were evaluated for grain yield, test weight, and kernel weight under artificially created epiphytotics of leaf rust disease (caused by Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici) with and without fungicide protection for three years. Rusted plot yields were 4 percent lower compared to fungicide-protected plot yields for cultivars with hypersensitive resistance. In rusted plots, grain yield and kernel weight averaged 8 percent less for cultivars with partial resistance but varied from 2 to 20 percent less depending on cultivar. The susceptible check cultivar, Yecora 70, averaged 27 percent lower grain yield, 22 percent lower kernel weight, and 6 percent lower test weight in rusted plots. Slight reduction in test weight was also observed for each cultivar. Losses in grain yield could, therefore, be reduced to levels similar to those of hypersensitive resistant cultivars by the use of partial resistance. We discuss the sustainability of partial genetic resistance to leaf rust. Since partial resistance is expected to be durable, and since rust levels and effects on yield in farmers' fields are likely to be less than in this experimental plot study, partial resistance should give long-lasting resistance at a negligible cost in yield that is insufficient to justify the use of fungicides.

Download Full-text

Paclobutrazol Application Favors Yield Improvement of Maize Under Semiarid Regions by Delaying Leaf Senescence and Regulating Photosynthetic Capacity and Antioxidant System During Grain-Filling Stage

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10020187 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 187 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Muhammad Kamran ◽

Shakeel Ahmad ◽

Irshad Ahmad ◽

Izhar Hussain ◽

Xiangping Meng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Senescence ◽

Photosynthetic Rate ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Yield Improvement ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Maize Seeds ◽

Kernel Weights ◽

Ros Burst ◽

Grain Filling Period

In the present study, we examined the potential role of paclobutrazol in delaying leaf senescence, in causing changes in the activities of antioxidants, and in the maintenance of photosynthetic activity during the senescence process, and, therefore, on the grain yield of maize under semiarid field conditions. Maize seeds were pretreated with 0 (CK), 200 (PS1), 300 (PS2), and 400 (PS3) mg paclobutrazol L−1. Our results indicated that elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and higher accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were positively associated with accelerated leaf senescence during the grain-filling periods. The leaf senescence resulted in the disintegration of the photosynthetic pigments and reduced the net photosynthetic rate after silking. However, the resultant ROS burst (O2− and H2O2) was lessened and the leaf senescence and chlorophyll degradation were evidently inhibited in leaves of paclobutrazol-treated maize plants, which was strongly linked with upregulated activities of antioxidant enzymes in treated plants. The enhanced chlorophyll contents and availability of a greater photosynthetic active green leaf area during the grain filling period facilitated the maintenance of higher photosynthetic rate, and light-harvesting efficiency of photosynthesis associated with photosystem II (PSII) resulted in higher kernel number ear−1 and thousand kernel weights, and thus increased the final grain yield. The average maize grain yield was increased by 18.8% to 55.6% in paclobutrazol treatments, compared to untreated control. Among the various paclobutrazol treatments, PS2 (300 mg L−1) treatment showed the most promising effects on enhancing the activities of antioxidative enzymes, delaying leaf senescence and improving the yield of maize. Thus, understanding this effect of paclobutrazol on delaying leaf senescence introduces new possibilities for facilitating yield improvement of maize under semiarid conditions.

Download Full-text

Multivariate Analysis of Grain Yield and Its Attributing Traits in Different Maize Hybrids Grown under Heat and Drought Stress

Scientifica ◽

10.1155/2015/563869 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fawad Ali ◽

Naila Kanwal ◽

Muhammmad Ahsan ◽

Qurban Ali ◽

Irshad Bibi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Hierarchical Clustering ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Photosynthetic Rate ◽

Absorption Rate ◽

Principal Component ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Chlorophyll Contents

This study was carried out to evaluate F1 single cross-maize hybrids in four crop growing seasons (2010–2012). Morphological traits and physiological parameters of twelve maize hybrids were evaluated (i) to construct seed yield equation and (ii) to determine grain yield attributing traits of well-performing maize genotype using a previously unexplored method of two-way hierarchical clustering. In seed yield predicting equation photosynthetic rate contributed the highest variation (46%). Principal component analysis data showed that investigated traits contributed up to 90.55% variation in dependent structure. From factor analysis, we found that factor 1 contributed 49.6% variation (P<0.05) with primary important traits (i.e., number of leaves per plant, plant height, stem diameter, fresh leaves weight, leaf area, stomata conductance, substomata CO2absorption rate, and photosynthetic rate). The results of two-way hierarchical clustering demonstrated that Cluster III had outperforming genotype H12(Sultan × Soneri) along with its most closely related traits (photosynthetic rate, stomata conductance, substomata CO2absorption rate, chlorophyll contents, leaf area, and fresh stem weight). Our data shows that H12(Sultan × Soneri) possessed the highest grain yield per plant under environmentally stress conditions, which are most likely to exist in arid and semiarid climatic conditions, such as in Pakistan.

Download Full-text

Application of melatonin-mediated modulation of drought tolerance by regulating photosynthetic efficiency, chloroplast ultrastructure, and endogenous hormones in maize

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture ◽

10.1186/s40538-021-00272-1 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shakeel Ahmad ◽

Guo Yun Wang ◽

Ihsan Muhammad ◽

Saqib Farooq ◽

Muhammad Kamran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Photosynthetic Rate ◽

Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽

Free Radical Scavenger ◽

Radical Scavenger ◽

Melatonin Concentration ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Hormonal Mechanism

Abstract Background Melatonin played an essential role in numerous vital life processes of animals and captured the interests of plant biologists because of its potent role in plants as well. As far as its possible contribution to photoperiodic processes, melatonin is believed to act as a growth regulator and a direct free radical scavenger/indirect antioxidant. The objective of this study to identify a precise melatonin concentration for a particular application method to improve plant growth requires identification and clarification. Methods This work establishes unique findings by optimizing melatonin concentration in alleviating the detrimental effects of drought stress in maize. Maize plants were subjected to drought stress (40–45% FC) after treatments of melatonin soil drenching at different concentrations (50, 100, and 150 µM) to consider the changes of growth attribute, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic rate, relative water content (RWC), chloroplast ultrastructure, endogenous hormonal mechanism, and grain yield. Results Our results showed that the application of melatonin treatments remarkably improved the plant growth attributes, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic rate, RWC, hormonal mechanism, and grain yield plant−1 under drought conditions at a variable rate. Conclusion Our current findings hereby confirmed the mitigating potential of melatonin application 100 µM for drought stress by maintaining plant growth, hormone content, and grain yield of maize. We conclude that the application of melatonin to maize is effective in reducing drought stress tolerance. Graphical Abstract

Download Full-text

Salt-tolerance screening in Limonium sinuatum varieties with different flower colors

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93974-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaojing Xu ◽

Yingli Zhou ◽

Ping Mi ◽

Baoshan Wang ◽

Fang Yuan

Keyword(s):

Salt Tolerance ◽

Photosynthetic Rate ◽

Large Scale ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Salt Gland ◽

Salt Glands ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Relative Water ◽

Whole Plants

AbstractLimonium sinuatum, a member of Plumbaginaceae commonly known as sea lavender, is widely used as dried flower. Five L. sinuatum varieties with different flower colors (White, Blue, Pink, Yellow, and Purple) are found in saline regions and are widely cultivated in gardens. In the current study, we evaluated the salt tolerance of these varieties under 250 mmol/L NaCl (salt-tolerance threshold) treatment to identify the optimal variety suitable for planting in saline lands. After the measurement of the fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), contents of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl−, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, soluble sugars, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), relative water content, chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, and osmotic potential of whole plants, the salt-tolerance ability from strongest to weakest is identified as Pink, Yellow, Purple, White, and Blue. Photosynthetic rate was the most reliable and positive indicator of salt tolerance. The density of salt glands showed the greatest increase in Pink under NaCl treatment, indicating that Pink adapts to high-salt levels by enhancing salt gland formation. These results provide a theoretical basis for the large-scale planting of L. sinuatum in saline soils in the future.

Download Full-text

Improvement of antioxidant activities and yield of spring maize through seed priming and foliar application of plant growth regulators under heat stress conditions

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n1p47 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 47 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ijaz Ahmad ◽

Shehzad Maqsood Ahmed Basra ◽

Muhammad Akram ◽

Allah Wasaya ◽

Muhammad Ansar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Exogenous Application ◽

Hybrid Maize

Heat stress during reproductive and grain filling phases adversely affects the growth of cereals through reduction in grain’s number and size. However, exogenous application of antioxidants, plant growth regulators and osmoprotectants may be helpful to minimize these heat induced yield losses in cereals. This two year study was conducted to evaluate the role of exogenous application of ascorbic acid (AsA), salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) applied through seed priming or foliar spray on biochemical, physiological, morphological and yield related traits, grain yield and quality of late spring sown hybrid maize. The experiment was conducted in the spring season of 2007 and 2008. We observed that application of AsA, SA and H2O2 applied through seed priming or foliar spray improved the physiological, biochemical, morphological and yield related traits, grain yield and grain quality of late spring sown maize in both years. In both years, we observed higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity in the plants where AsA, SA and H2O2were applied through seed priming or foliar spray than control. Membrane stability index (MSI), relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, grain yield and grain oil contents were also improved by exogenous application of AsA, SA and H2O2 in both years. Seed priming of AsA, SA and H2O2was equally effective as the foliar application. In conclusion, seed priming with AsA, SA and H2O2 may be opted to lessen the heat induced yield losses in late sown spring hybrid maize. Heat tolerance induced by ASA, SA and H2O2 may be attributed to increase in antioxidant activities and MSI which maintained RWC and chlorophyll contents in maize resulting in better grain yield in heat stress conditions.

Download Full-text

INDUCTION OF SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE OF WHEAT SEEDLINGS AGAINST LEAF RUST DISEASE.

Journal of Plant Production ◽

10.21608/jpp.2008.126216 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 243-256

Author(s):

Marian Thabet ◽

E. Gado ◽

M. Najeeb ◽

S. El -Deeb

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽

Acquired Resistance ◽

Rust Disease ◽

Wheat Seedlings

Download Full-text

Management of Coffee Leaf Rust Disease in India: Evidence for Channels of Communication

Journal of Applied Communications ◽

10.4148/1051-0834.1118 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 97 (3) ◽

Author(s):

M. R. Narayana

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Rust Disease ◽

Coffee Leaf Rust

Download Full-text

Stability of Arabica coffee genotype (Coffea arabica L.) against leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix)

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/748/1/012002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 748 (1) ◽

pp. 012002

Author(s):

Sabam Malau ◽

Albiner Siagian ◽

Maria Rumondang Sihotang

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Block Design ◽

Research Result ◽

Dry Season ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Rust Disease ◽

Hemileia Vastatrix ◽

Arabica Coffee ◽

Coffee Leaf Rust ◽

Rust Severity

Abstract Coffee is now experiencing a serious threat from fungus Hemileia vastatrix which caused epidemic of rust disease in America, Africa, and Asia. As solution, the use of resistant cultivars is the best way. However, interaction between genotype and environment can change the rank of genotypes that shows instability of these genotypes against leaf rust. Purpose of this research was to study stability of genotypes of Arabica coffee against coffee leaf rust. A field experiment was arranged as factorial randomized complete block design with 2 factors (genotypes and climate zones) with three replication. The observed parameters were branch rust incidence, leaf rust incidence, and leaf rust severity. This research result showed significant genotype x environment interaction in all variables. Length of dry season is the most important factor affecting coffee leaf rust because it had the highest correlation coefficient with leaf rust severity (r = 0.662**). Less length of dry season should be the first criteria for selection of coffee farms. The most desired genotype was G7 which performed low leaf rust severity (7.71%) and had a stable resistance indicated by the same leaf rust severity in all environments and 6 SMg. Due to the significant interaction between genotypes and the environment, the genotype to be planted in a region must be tested in that region first.

Download Full-text