scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis of Grain Yield and Its Attributing Traits in Different Maize Hybrids Grown under Heat and Drought Stress

Scientifica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawad Ali ◽  
Naila Kanwal ◽  
Muhammmad Ahsan ◽  
Qurban Ali ◽  
Irshad Bibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents

This study was carried out to evaluate F1 single cross-maize hybrids in four crop growing seasons (2010–2012). Morphological traits and physiological parameters of twelve maize hybrids were evaluated (i) to construct seed yield equation and (ii) to determine grain yield attributing traits of well-performing maize genotype using a previously unexplored method of two-way hierarchical clustering. In seed yield predicting equation photosynthetic rate contributed the highest variation (46%). Principal component analysis data showed that investigated traits contributed up to 90.55% variation in dependent structure. From factor analysis, we found that factor 1 contributed 49.6% variation (P<0.05) with primary important traits (i.e., number of leaves per plant, plant height, stem diameter, fresh leaves weight, leaf area, stomata conductance, substomata CO2absorption rate, and photosynthetic rate). The results of two-way hierarchical clustering demonstrated that Cluster III had outperforming genotype H12(Sultan × Soneri) along with its most closely related traits (photosynthetic rate, stomata conductance, substomata CO2absorption rate, chlorophyll contents, leaf area, and fresh stem weight). Our data shows that H12(Sultan × Soneri) possessed the highest grain yield per plant under environmentally stress conditions, which are most likely to exist in arid and semiarid climatic conditions, such as in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Agronomic parameters and morpho-agronomic characteristics of genetically modified maize hybrids compared to conventional maize hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Nogueira Ramos ◽  
Nara Oliveira Silva Souza ◽  
Michelle Souza Vilela
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Central Lines ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
Bt Genes ◽  
Midwest Region ◽  
Bt Gene

The objectives were to study the behavior of fifteen pre-commercial upland maize hybrids, analyze their agronomic performance regarding grain yield, and evaluate productivity components, as well as morpho-agronomic characteristics, in the Midwest Region of Brazil. Two experiments were conducted in the municipalities of Formosa-GO and Planaltina-DF, 2016/17 crop year. Both consisted of five pre-commercial maize hybrid platforms (HPA252, HPB262, HPB621, HPB646, and HPD354). Each platform consisted of three different versions: conventional, transgenic with a Bt gene that expresses the protein Cry1F, and transgenic with two Bt genes that express the proteins Cry1F and Cry1AB. The experiment was randomized blocks with four replications. The experimental plot was four lines five meters long considering the two central lines as useful. The lines were spaced 0.75 meters apart, and the final density was five plants per linear meter. To estimate grain yield, the plots were harvested, and the weight was extrapolated to kg.ha-1. The moisture was standardized at 14%. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, and the means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability using the Sisvar software. Grain yield between treatments ranged from 8,381 to 12,908 kg.ha-1, and the average yield was 11,234 kg.ha-1. The parameters evaluated were divided into two groups. The first group contained parameters determining grain yield: grain depth, thousand grains weight, number of rows of grains, number of grains per row, and grain yield. The second group contained morpho-agronomic parameters that directly interfere with resistance to lodging and plant breaking: plant height, ear insertion height, and mean stem diameter. There was no direct effect of the transgenes on the evaluated hybrids since the classification of productivity was not divided into conventional and transgenic classes. It is suggested that the HPA252YH, HP621H and HP646H versions be discarded because grain yield performance was unsatisfactory compared to their respective conventional and transgenic counterparts. The parameters GD and W1000 are more effective for grain yield estimation than NR and NG. It was observed for HP621H that, in addition to a lower grain yield, there was a significant reduction in stem diameter, indicating a possible reduction in lodging tolerance and/or plant breaking when exposed to adverse climatic conditions such as windstorms. For the HPD354H version, the release of the transgenic counterpart HPD354YH is preferentially indicated since the H version had a significant reduction in stem diameter and a possible greater tolerance to lodging and/or plant breaking under the same conditions.  

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DE FORMAS DE ADUBAÇÃO DE SEMEADURA NA PRODUTIVIDADE DE GRÃOS DE HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO DE CARVALHO PERON ◽  
RENZO GARCIA VON PINHO ◽  
LUIZ ANTONIO YANES BERNARDO JÚNIOR ◽  
VANDER FILLIPE DE SOUZA ◽  
FRANCIELLY DE CÁSSIA PEREIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Grain Productivity

RESUMO - Entender como o manejo de aplicação de fertilizantes interfere no sistema produtivo é primordial para amanutenção do máximo aproveitamento da produtividade dos híbridos. Desta forma, o objetivo com este trabalho foiverificar a influência da forma de adubação de semeadura, feita a lanço ou localizada, na produtividade de grãos de 33híbridos comerciais de milho, em quatro diferentes safras agrícolas. Foram conduzidos quatro experimentos no municípiode Serra do Salitre, em Minas Gerais (MG), nos meses de novembro de 2015 e de 2016, janeiro e fevereiro de 2017 efevereiro de 2017. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos completos casualizados com três repetições,com os tratamentos dispostos em esquema fatorial de 33 x 2, sendo 33 híbridos de milho e dois sistemas de adubação desemeadura: a lanço e localizada. Na análise conjunta da produtividade de grãos, ocorreram interações significativas entrehíbridos e safras, e também entre formas de adubação e safras. Apesar da interação significativa, o sistema de adubaçãolocalizada foi superior em ambas as safras avaliadas, considerando nível de significância de 5% pelo teste de Tukey.Mesmo com as condições climáticas menos favoráveis na segunda safra, a adubação localizada mostrou-se mais eficiente.Palavras-chave: adubação localizada, adubação a lanço, segunda safra, Zea mays L.EFFECT OF SOWING FERTILIZATIONON GRAIN PRODUCTIVITY OF MAIZE HYBRIDSABSTRACT - Understanding how the management of fertilizer application affects the production system is essentialto maximize the productivity of the hybrids. The objective of this study was to verify the effect of broadcasting andbanding fertilization on grain yield of 33 commercial maize hybrids in four different crop seasons. Four experimentswere carried out in Serra do Salitre, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in November 2015, November 2016, January andFebruary 2017. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications, with treatmentsarranged in a 33 x 2 factorial scheme, 33 corn hybrids and two sowing fertilization forms, broadcast and bandapplication. The joint analysis of grain yield showed significant interactions between hybrids and crop seasons, andalso between fertilization systems and crop seasons. The unfolding of the interaction between the fertilization formsand crop seasons showed that the yield of grains in the band fertilization was superior compared to the broadcastfertilization, regardless the crop season evaluated. Even with the less favourable climatic conditions in the secondharvest, the band fertilization showed to be more efficient when compared to the broadcast fertilization.Keywords: broadcast fertilizer, band fertilizer, second crop, Zea mays L.

scholarly journals Paclobutrazol Application Favors Yield Improvement of Maize Under Semiarid Regions by Delaying Leaf Senescence and Regulating Photosynthetic Capacity and Antioxidant System During Grain-Filling Stage

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kamran ◽  
Shakeel Ahmad ◽  
Irshad Ahmad ◽  
Izhar Hussain ◽  
Xiangping Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Kernel Weights ◽  
Ros Burst ◽  
Grain Filling Period

In the present study, we examined the potential role of paclobutrazol in delaying leaf senescence, in causing changes in the activities of antioxidants, and in the maintenance of photosynthetic activity during the senescence process, and, therefore, on the grain yield of maize under semiarid field conditions. Maize seeds were pretreated with 0 (CK), 200 (PS1), 300 (PS2), and 400 (PS3) mg paclobutrazol L−1. Our results indicated that elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and higher accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were positively associated with accelerated leaf senescence during the grain-filling periods. The leaf senescence resulted in the disintegration of the photosynthetic pigments and reduced the net photosynthetic rate after silking. However, the resultant ROS burst (O2− and H2O2) was lessened and the leaf senescence and chlorophyll degradation were evidently inhibited in leaves of paclobutrazol-treated maize plants, which was strongly linked with upregulated activities of antioxidant enzymes in treated plants. The enhanced chlorophyll contents and availability of a greater photosynthetic active green leaf area during the grain filling period facilitated the maintenance of higher photosynthetic rate, and light-harvesting efficiency of photosynthesis associated with photosystem II (PSII) resulted in higher kernel number ear−1 and thousand kernel weights, and thus increased the final grain yield. The average maize grain yield was increased by 18.8% to 55.6% in paclobutrazol treatments, compared to untreated control. Among the various paclobutrazol treatments, PS2 (300 mg L−1) treatment showed the most promising effects on enhancing the activities of antioxidative enzymes, delaying leaf senescence and improving the yield of maize. Thus, understanding this effect of paclobutrazol on delaying leaf senescence introduces new possibilities for facilitating yield improvement of maize under semiarid conditions.

Effect of leaf rust disease on photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll contents and grain yield of wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 425-439
Author(s):  
Mahreen Yahya ◽  
Noor Abid Saeed ◽  
Sajid Nadeem ◽  
Muhammad Hamed ◽  
Kamran Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents

Effect of split application of sulphur and nitrogen on growth and yield attributes of Brassica genotypes differing in time of flowering

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altaf Ahmad ◽  
Y. P. Abrol ◽  
M. Z. Abdin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Biological Yield

According to prevalent agronomic practices for cultivation of Brassica genotypes, N is applied in split doses, while S is applied as a basal dose. This may create imbalance in the supply of these nutrients during the growth and development of the crop because metabolism of N and that of S are closely linked and play a central role in protein synthesis. The requirement of one depends on the supply of the other, and the imbalance in their supply causes a reduction in the yield because of reduced uptake and assimilation of the two nutrients. In the present investigation, therefore, S was applied in split doses, along with N, to study its effect on growth and yield attributes of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. and Coss. (V1) and Brassica campestris L. (V2). In the experiment, conducted in the field, 40 kg S ha−1 as CaSO4 (gypsum) was applied either in a single basal application (S1) or in two (S2) or three (S3) split applications; and 100 kg N ha−1 as urea was applied either in two (N2) or three (N3) splits. Biomass accumulation, leaf-area index (LAI), leaf-area duration (LAD), crop growth rate (CGR) and photosynthesis in the leaves were determined at various phenological stages. Split application of S and N (S2N2 or S3N3) resulted in significant improvement in growth and yield of both the genotypes compared with the application of S in a single basal application and N in two splits (S1N2). Genetic variability was observed between the two genotypes in response to split application of S and N. V1 responded better when S and N was applied in two split doses (S2N2) than when it was applied as S1N2 or S3N3 This S2N2 treatment resulted in 40.0, 39.7, 35.5, 48.2 and 18.1% enhancement in biomass accumulation, LAI, LAD, CGR and photosynthetic rate, respectively in comparison with S1N2. Seed yield, biological yield and harvest index were improved by 38.3, 26.3 and 9.5%, respectively, by S2N2 over the results obtained with S1N2. In the case of V2, three split applications of S and N (S3N3) resulted in maximum growth and yield. Increases in biomass accumulation, LAI, LAD, CGR and photosynthetic rate due to application of S3N3 were 48.4, 81.3, 77.9, 101.1 and 28.6% respectively, over the results of S1N2. Seed yield, biological yield and harvest index improved by 41.3, 26.9 and 11.6% respectively, with this treatment.On the basis of results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that S must be applied in split doses for optimum growth and yield of Brassica genotypes. The variability in response of these genotypes to split application of S and N was due to differences in flowering time, as V1 flowered earlier (just after the application of the second dose of S and N) than V1 (just after the application of the third dose of S and N). Key words: Brassica genotypes, nitrogen, sulphur, split application, growth, yield

scholarly journals Irradiation on teak and pine agroforestry system and the effect on growth of soybean

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
DJOKO PURNOMO ◽  
SYUKUR MAKMUR SITOMPUL
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Plot Design

Teak and pines are the largest tree forests in Central of Java so that they are very potential to be developed as an argoforestry system. The average Relative Irradiation Fraction (RIF)’s in the teak and pines trees are 50% and 14% respectively. Meanwhile, soybean is sunloving crop potentially to be cultivated in the agroforestry system. The aim of the research was to study the response of the soybean (Glyicine soya) varieties to the tree canopy pruning. The experiment was conducted at teak and pines forest area (vertisol and ultisol soil type respectively) arranged in split plot design. The main plot factor was pruning (no pruning and pruning) and the sub plot factor was variety (Wilis, Pangrango and Brawijaya). The teak and pines canopy pruning (50% lower part of canopy) increases the incident irradiation among the trees by 70%-89% or equal to 600-1000 μ mol m-2 s-1 and 80% or 840 μ mol m-2 s-1 respectively. The increase in the irradiation among the trees enhances the photosynthetic rate of soybean. The response of the soybean to the enhancing irradiation is higher in specific leaf area (SLA). Biomass production and seed yield of the soybean increases due to the canopy pruning. The seed yield of soybean increase respectively from 0.12 to 0.57 tons ha-1 and from 0.78 to 1.74 tons ha-1 in no pruning and pruning teak and pines agroforest. The Pangrango variety produces the highest yields of seed, thus it is potential to be cultivated as intercrops in a teak and pines agroforestry system.© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: soybean, teak, pines, agroforestry

Principal Component and Genetic Diversity Analysis for Seed Yield and Its Related Components in the Genotypes of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Jain ◽  
L.D. Sharma ◽  
K.C. Gupta ◽  
Vipin Kumar ◽  
R.S. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Selection Of

Background: The seed yield of chickpea can be improved by selection of superior genotypes on the basis of different yield and yield component traits. These genotypes exclusively utilize in breeding programs. Yield is a complex trait which is affected by several factors, hence, a well-known technique known as principal component analysis was used to identify and minimize the number of traits for effective selection. To obtain efficient recombinants, the identified component traits need to be combined from diverse parents through recombination breeding followed by selection of transgressive segregants. Hence, the present study is envisaged to measure the genetic diversity among genotypes of chickpea.Methods: The experimental material comprised of 40 chickpea genotypes evaluated in randomized block design with three replications. The experimental unit was four rows per plot with 4 m length and spacing between row to row and plant to plant maintained as 30 x 10 cm. NPK (20:40:00) fertilizers was applied as basal doses. The data were recorded for each genotype on nine quantitative traits as per standard methods. Descriptive statistics and PCA analysis was performed by using the statistical package SPSS 16.0 version and cluster analysis was done using the Wards method of hierarchical clustering technique.Result: Out of nine PCs only three PCs exhibited more than 1.0 Eigen value and showed about 73.4% variability. PC1 contributed 28.6% of the total variation and correlated with days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, first pod height, seeds per pod and number of pods per plant while PC2 explained 21.00% of the total variation and dominated by plant height, first pod height and seed yield. PC3 explained an additional 13.00% of the total variation and dominated by primary branches per plant. Genotype commonly found in more PC, were BG 4016, IPCB 2015-165, IPC 2011-247, GNG2459 and RKG 19-4. Hierarchical clustering technique grouped 40 genotypes into two main clusters (A and B) and nine sub clusters. The present investigation depicted that the chickpea germplasm displayed considerable genetic diversity for most of the traits under consideration. 

Relationship between visual colour rating and chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and some growth characteristics in couchgrass (Cynodonspp. L.)

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Visual Colour

SUMMARYChlorophyll contents per unit leaf area and unit dry weight, chlorophylla:bratio, visual colour rating, specific leaf area, and leaf fresh weight: dry weight ratios were estimated for 12 couch (bermudagrass) varieties (Cynodonspp. L.) in winter (July) and spring (October). Net photosynthetic and dark respiration rates were estimated in winter only.The chlorophyll contents per unit leaf area were higher in all varieties in spring than in winter, but per unit weight were more variable. The varieties differed substantially in the net photosynthetic and dark respiration rates. The specific leaf areas were greater in winter than in spring in five varieties: in others it changed little. The fresh: dry weight ratios of the leaves were almost constant between varieties in the spring but varied greatly during the winter. Visual colour ratings were well correlated with chlorophyll contents per unit area but not with weight. The net photosynthetic rate was closely correlated with chlorophyll content (per unit area) but not so closely with colour rating.

scholarly journals Evaluation of stability in maize hybrids using univariate parametric methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Habib Shojaei ◽  
Khodadad Mostafavi ◽  
Amirparviz Lak ◽  
Ali Omrani ◽  
Saeed Omrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
The Stability

AbstractGenotype × environment interaction is one of the complex issues of breeding programs to produce high-yielding and compatible cultivars. Interaction of genotype × environment and make the more accurate selection, the performance and stability of hybrids need to be considered simultaneously. This study aimed to investigate stable genotypes with yield using 12 maize hybrids in different climatic conditions of Iran. The experimental design used was a randomized complete blocks design in three replications in two cropping years in Karaj, Birjand, Shiraz, and Arak stations. The simple analysis of variance performed on grain yield of genotypes indicated that all hybrids studied each year and station were significantly different in grain yield. Also, the combined analysis results showed a significant effect on the environment, the effects of genotype, and the interaction of genotype × environment and t in the studied hybrids different. Comparing Duncan's mean on the data obtained from the research, KSC705 genotypes with an average yield of 7.21 and KSC704 genotype with an average yield of 7.04 were identified as high yield cultivars. In order to identify stable cultivars, six stability parameters were used. KSC260 and KSC707 genotypes had stability Based on the environmental variance, also had stability based KSC705, KSC707 genotype on environmental the coefficient of variation, and KSC260 genotypes had stability based methods of genotype and environment interaction. As well as based on Eberhart and Russell regression coefficient had the stability to KSC400 and SC647 genotypes. Also, they were identified as the most stable genotypes based on the detection coefficient method, KSC707, and KSC703 genotypes.

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