Effect of low levels of dietary available phosphorus on phosphorus utilization, bone mineralization, phosphorus transporter mRNA expression and performance in growing pigs

Abstract The impact of feeding growing pigs with high wheat millrun diets on the global warming potential (GWP) of pork production was investigated. In study 1, a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of wheat millrun (0 or 30%) and multi-carbohydrase enzyme (0 or 1 mg kg-1) as main effects was utilized. For each of 16 reps, 6 pigs (60.2±2.2 kg BW) were housed in environmental chambers for 14d. Air samples were collected and analyzed for carbon dioxide (CO2); nitrous oxide (N2O); and methane (CH4). In study 2, data from study 1 and performance data obtained from a previous feeding trial were utilized in a life cycle assessment (LCA) framework that included feed production. The Holos farm model (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge. AB) was used to estimate emissions from feed production. In study 1, total manure output from pigs fed 30% wheat millrun diets was 30% greater than pigs on the 0% wheat millrun diets (P < 0.05), however, Feeding diets with 30% millrun did not affect greenhouse gas (GHG) output (CH4, 4.7, 4.9; N2O, 0.45, 0.42; CO2, 1610, 1711; mg s-1 without or with millrun inclusion, respectively; P > 0.78). Enzyme supplementation had no effect on GHG production (CH4, 4.5, 5.1; N2O, 0.46, 0.42; CO2, 1808, 1513; mg s-1 without or with enzymes, respectively; P > 0.51). In study 2, the LCA indicated that the inclusion of 30% wheat millrun in diets for growing pigs resulted in approximately a 25% reduction in GWP when compared to the no wheat millrun diets. Our results demonstrate that 30% wheat millrun did not increase GHG output from the pigs, and thus the inclusion of wheat millrun in diets of growing pigs can reduce the GWP of pork production.

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Entrepreneurs and Burnout. How Hardy Pesonality works in this process

Psychological Reports ◽

10.1177/0033294121996978 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003329412199697

Author(s):

Laura Quiun ◽

Marta Herrero ◽

Maria del Carmen Yeo Ayala ◽

Bernardo Moreno-Jiménez

Keyword(s):

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Working Hours ◽

Burnout Syndrome ◽

Hierarchical Regression ◽

Occupational Factors ◽

Low Levels ◽

And Performance ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Background Considering the importance of entrepreneurship and the impact of burnout on workers’ health, this study aims to explore the presence of burnout in entrepreneurs and the interaction of hardy personality (HP) in this process. Method The sample included 255 Spanish entrepreneurs. Occupational factors, working hours, labour immersion, HP, burnout syndrome (i.e. Emotional exhaustion, Depersonalization and Lack of accomplishment) and burnout consequences were assessed. Results Descriptive analysis showed that entrepreneurs had low levels of occupational factors, burnout syndrome and consequences. Hierarchical regression exploratory results indicated that working hours, labour immersion, and Emotional exhaustion were the most relevant predictors of the consequences. Besides, mediation models with PROCESS macro (v.3.0) highlighted the indirect effect of occupational factors and showed that emotional exhaustion was the only component of burnout that mediated in between the predictors and the consequences. As well, HP moderated the relationship between occupational factors and emotional exhaustion. Conclusions Occupational factors are the main predictor of burnout in entrepreneurs and HP could prevent their effect on Emotional exhaustion. The results suggest the importance of training to promote HP for better health and performance of entrepreneurs.

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66 Strategies to Improve Phosphorus Utilization in Growing Pigs: Depletion-repletion Protocols

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.073 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 41-42

Author(s):

Marion Lautrou ◽

Candido Pomar ◽

Philippe Schmidely ◽

Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineralization ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Feeding Strategies ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Phosphorus Intake

Abstract To optimize the use of dietary P by pigs, 5 feeding strategies were studied in a 3-phase feeding trial on 240 pigs (initial bodyweight (BW) of 31 kg): 1) C-C-C providing 100% of digestible phosphorus (Pdig, 4.3 g/kg STTD) and calcium (Ca, 9.7 g/kg) requirement to maximize bone mineralization, 2) L-L-L 60% of the Pdig and Ca requirements of C-C-C, 3) Phyt-Phyt-Phyt (phosphate-free, with phytase, 750, 686, 390 FTU/kg), providing 60% of Pdig and Ca requirements in phase 1, then 100%, 4) and 5) C in phases 1 and 3, and 60% of the need for Pdig in phase 2, associated with 65% of the requirements for Ca (N) or 80% (H), namely C-N-C and C-H-C. The BW and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured at the beginning and end of each phase. The BMC gain (gBMC), average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were calculated by phase. In phase 1, ADG was lower in the Phyt group than the C group (1.05 vs 1.10 kg/d, P < 0.01) and the BMC of group C and gBMC were higher than those of the Phyt and B groups (P < 0.05). In phase 2, C-C and Phyt-Phyt groups had similar BMC due to higher gBMC in the Phyt-Phyt (27.1 vs 18.4 g/d, P < 0.01). At the end of phases 2 and 3, C-C-C, C-N-C and C-H-C groups had similar BMC. The Phyt and B groups showed an increased phosphorus-use efficiency during phases 1 and 2 (+20% vs C). Phosphorus retention was also higher in the C-N-C and C-H-C groups, during the depletion in phase 2 (+24% vs C, P< 0.05). These results showed the potential of a depletion-repletion strategy including free phosphate diet to reduce phosphorus intake and excretion without affecting final growth performance and bone mineralization because of increased minerals utilization efficacies.

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An Alderfer perspective of the higher education restructuring in South Africa

SA Journal of Industrial Psychology ◽

10.4102/sajip.v31i2.191 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

Author(s):

C. A. Arnolds

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

South Africa ◽

Job Performance ◽

Peer Relations ◽

Employee Motivation ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Organisational Commitment ◽

Low Levels ◽

And Performance ◽

The Impact

The consequences of the restructuring of higher education in South Africa have not yet been thoroughly investigated. This study investigates the impact of the abovementioned restructuring on employee motivation (as measured by Alderfer’s ERG theory), organisational commitment and job performance. The results show that the respondents exhibit low levels of organisational commitment and low satisfaction with monetary remuneration and fringe benefits. The results, however, show high levels of satisfaction with growth factors, peer relations and performance intentions. These results are interpreted in the light of the multiple regression analyses conducted of the interrelationships among the variables. Opsomming Die nagevolge van die herkonstruksie van hër-onderwys in Suid-Afrika is nog nie deeglik ondersoek nie. Hierdie studie ondersoek die invloed wat bogenoemde rekonstruksie op die motivering (soos gemeet deur Alderfer se teorie), organisatories toegewydheid en werksprestasie van werknemers het. Die resultate toon dat die respondente lae vlakke van organisatoriese toegewydheid en lae tevredenheid ten opsigte van monetêre beloning en byvoordele tentoonstel. Die resultate toon egter hoë vlakke van tevredenheid in soverre groeifaktore, kollegiale verhoudinge en werkprestasievoornemens betref. Hierdie resultate word vertolk teen die agtergrond van veelvoudige regressie-analises wat op die inderlinge verwantskappe tussen die veranderlikes uitgevoer is.

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The impacts of a fibrolytic enzyme additive on digestibility and performance in the grower period, and supplemental Saccharomyces cerevisiae on performance and rumen health in the finisher period for feedlot steers

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1139/cjas-2020-0134 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Melissa S. Williams ◽

Ousama AlZahal ◽

Ira B. Mandell ◽

Brian McBride ◽

Katie Wood

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Experimental Treatment ◽

Gut Health ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Gut Barrier Function ◽

And Performance ◽

The Impact

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of a fibrolytic enzyme pretreatment on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility, and ruminal pH throughout the grower and early finisher period (Exp. 1), and to examine the impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on intake, performance, and indicators of gut health in the late finisher period (Exp. 2). Fifty-four steers were randomly assigned to a subgroup determining experimental treatment groups. In Exp. 1, steers were randomized to: control (CON1; no enzyme) or enzyme (ENZ; 0.75 ml kg-1 DM of feed) dietary treatments. Digestibility was improved (P≤0.05) in ENZ steers for DM, CP, NEg, and sugars, but did not affect (P≥0.12) DMI, ADG, or reticulo-ruminal pH. In Exp. 2, the treatments were: control (CON2; no yeast) or yeast (YST; 3.0 g animal-1 daily) supplemented diets. Rumen papillae were collected for mRNA expression of gut barrier function (OCLN, CLDN, ZO1, ZO2) and immune response (TLR2, TLR4, FCAR) genes and histological measurements. YST decreased (P<0.001) DMI by 31%, reduced variation in dry matter intake, and improved feed conversion ratios, but did not impact rumen health mRNA expression or histology measures (P≥0.07). Overall, ENZ improved the digestibility of some nutrients in the grower period, and YST improved feed efficiency, without impacting growth performance or gut health.

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Soluble Immune Checkpoints, Gut Metabolites and Performance Status as Parameters of Response to Nivolumab Treatment in NSCLC Patients

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm10040208 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 208

Author(s):

Ilaria Grazia Zizzari ◽

Alessandra Di Filippo ◽

Fabio Scirocchi ◽

Francesca Romana Di Pietro ◽

Hassan Rahimi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Regression ◽

Performance Status ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Immune Checkpoints ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Durable Response ◽

Low Levels ◽

And Performance ◽

Nsclc Patients ◽

Patients Experience

Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been shown to benefit from the introduction of anti-PD1 treatment. However, not all patients experience tumor regression and durable response. The identification of a string of markers that are direct or indirect indicators of the immune system fitness is needed to choose optimal therapeutic schedules in the management of NSCLC patients. We analyzed 34 immuno-related molecules (14 soluble immune checkpoints, 17 cytokines/chemokines, 3 adhesion molecules) released in the serum of 22 NSCLC patients under Nivolumab treatment and the gut metabolomic profile at baseline. These parameters were correlated with performance status (PS) and/or response to treatment. Nivolumab affected the release of soluble immune checkpoints (sICs). Patients with a better clinical outcome and with an optimal PS (PS = 0) showed a decreased level of PD1 and maintained low levels of several sICs at first clinical evaluation. Low levels of PDL1, PDL2, Tim3, CD137 and BTLA4 were also correlated with a long response to treatment. Moreover, responding patients showed a high proportion of eubiosis-associated gut metabolites. In this exploratory study, we propose a combination of immunological and clinical parameters (sICs, PS and gut metabolites) for the identification of patients more suitable for Nivolumab treatment. This string of parameters validated in a network analysis on a larger cohort of patients could help oncologists to improve their decision-making in an NSCLC setting.

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PSVIII-5 Determination of true digestibility and the endogenous outputs of magnesium in corn for growing pigs by using the regression analysis technique

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.577 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 285-285

Author(s):

Hongzhi Wu ◽

Xindi Yin ◽

Zeyu Yang ◽

Tania Archbold ◽

Wenyi Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Bone Mineralization ◽

Block Design ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Diet Formulation ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Dietary Magnesium ◽

Corn Grain

Abstract Dietary magnesium (Mg) is essential to bone mineralization. Supplemental Mg is typically not considered in commercial swine diets by assuming high bioavailability of Mg from bulky feed ingredients such as corn grain. The objectives of this study were to determine true ileal and fecal digestibility and the endogenous losses of Mg associated with corn in growing pigs by the regression analysis technique. A total of 48 barrows, with an average initial body weight (BW) 32 kg, were randomly assigned to 6 grower pig diets and were fed close to ad libitum for 10 d, with 8-d adaptation and 2-d collection fecal and the terminal ileal digesta samples, according to a randomized complete block design. Six cornstarch-based diets, containing 6 levels of Mg at 0.22, 0.32, 0.38, 0.51, 0.71 and 0.79 g/kg dry matter intake (DMI) of diets, were formulated from corn. There were linear relationships (P < 0.05), expressed as g/kg DMI, between the ileal and fecal outputs of Mg and the total intake of dietary Mg, suggesting that true ileal and fecal Mg indigestibility values (94.8±12.5 vs. 89.2±17.7%); and the ileal and fecal endogenous Mg outputs (0.16±0.02 vs. 0.21±0.11, g/kg DMI of diets) associated with corn could be estimated by the regression analysis. Our results have shown that Mg associated with conventional corn grain was very poorly digested and the gastrointestinal endogenous fecal loss of Mg was significant in the grower pig. Thus, Mg bioavailability in feeds for pigs should be assessed and supplemental of Mg may be warranted in swine diet formulation.

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Phosphorus and Carbon Economies of Ectomycorrhizal Seedlings of Eucalyptus pilularis Smith

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9850669 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 669 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

DR Mulligan ◽

JW Patrick

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Control Mechanism ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Mycorrhizal Roots ◽

Low Levels ◽

Eucalyptus Pilularis ◽

Slow Growing ◽

Species Being

The distribution patterns of phosphorus and carbon in Eucalyptus pilularis Smith seedlings raised in phosphorus-deficient conditions for at least 4 months have been examined. These seedlings possessed well developed ectomycorrhizas and there was significant retention of phosphorus by the mycorrhizal roots at low levels of phosphorus supply. A high proportion of residue phosphorus (possibly polyphosphate) was found in mycorrhizal roots and also in foliage at a level of deficiency at which very little storage phosphorus would be expected to remain. There was evidence of a control mechanism, perhaps operating via this 'storage' pool, which guarded against any overstimulation of growth rate in response to periodic increases in soil phosphorus. This control acted by regulating the amount of phosphorus available for photosynthesis, especially in those leaves with the highest potential to export carbon for growth. It is proposed that the E. pilularis seedlings combine strategies which characterize fast-growing and slow-growing species, namely a responsiveness of photosynthesis to available phosphorus in the foliage and foliar storage of phosphorus when supply persists. Such flexibility may contribute to this species being able to compete successfully in a range of habitats of varying nutritional status.

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