Co-management and the creation of national parks in Indonesia: positive lessons learned from the Togean Islands National Park

National parks play an important role in maintaining natural ecosystems which are important sources of income and livelihood sustenance. Most national parks in Southern Africa are managed by their states. Before 2007, Gonarezhou National Park was managed by the Zimbabwe Parks Management and Wildlife Authority, which faced challenges in maintaining its biodiversity, community relations and infrastructure. However, in 2017 the Frankfurt Zoological Society and the Zimbabwe Parks Management and Wildlife Authority formed an innovative partnership under the Gonarezhou Conservation Trust (GCT). This study examines the relationship between GCT management, Gonarezhou National Park stakeholders and communities as well as the impact of the relationship on biodiversity and ecosystems. The study also highlights challenges faced and lessons learned in managing Gonarezhou as a protected area. To obtain the information, key informant interviews, Landsat satellite imagery, secondary data from previous studies and government sources were utilized. The results indicate that the concerted efforts of the Gonarezhou Conservation Trust to manage the park are starting to bear fruit in improving biodiversity conservation, ecosystem management and engaging communities. However, challenges such as governance obstacles, problematic stakeholder management, maintaining trust in community relations, ensuring sustainability, managing the adverse impacts of climate change and human-wildlife conflicts must still be navigated to ensure the park’s sustainable management. Notwithstanding challenges, we argue that a partnership arrangement such as the Gonarezhou Conservation Trust is a desirable model that can be applied in national parks in Zimbabwe and Africa for better biodiversity management and tourism.

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Conserving Shells in Kenya

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605300014538 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 480-485 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Stewart M. Evans ◽

Graham Knowles ◽

Charlis Pye-Smith ◽

Rachel Scott

Keyword(s):

National Parks ◽

National Park ◽

Wild Populations ◽

The Creation ◽

Made In

Over-collecting of shells on the Kenya coast, mainly for sale to tourists, has almost denuded some popular and accessible sites. In some formerly rich areas few molluscs can now be found, and collecting has shifted to more inaccessible sites. The authors describe an investigation they made in 1972 and 1974 into stocks held by dealers and the effects on the wild populations. They emphasise the importance of the marine national parks at Malindi and Watamu, where regular patrolling effectively prevents collecting and there are signs that cowries at least may now be re-establishing themselves. The creation of a third and much larger marine national park, near Shimoni, will protect another area rich in shells.

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Best Practices for Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment Installations in the National Parks: Challenges, Lessons Learned, Installation Best Practices, and Recommendations for the National Park Service

10.2172/1581497 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kay L Kelly ◽

Stacy Noblet ◽

Abby Brown

Keyword(s):

Best Practices ◽

Electric Vehicle ◽

National Parks ◽

National Park ◽

National Park Service ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Park Service ◽

Supply Equipment

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Developing Co-management for Conservation and Local Development in China’s National Parks: Findings from Focus Groups in the Sanjiangyuan Region

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1089846/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ting Ma ◽

Brent Swallow ◽

J. Marc Foggin ◽

Linsheng Zhong ◽

Weiguo Sang

Keyword(s):

Focus Groups ◽

National Parks ◽

National Park ◽

Local Development ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Community Stakeholders ◽

The People ◽

Close Proximity ◽

Local Officials ◽

National Park System

Abstract Environmental protection in China has progressed significantly in the past decades, including introduction of more collaborative approaches in the management of protected areas and the establishment of a new national park system. Many milestones have been achieved. While such developments are driven largely by national and global goals, the people who are most affected are those who reside in the protected landscapes. A range of strategies have been proposed and tried in relation to local development, with many important lessons learned, yet little has been heard to date directly from the community stakeholders themselves. In this study we report on feedback and recommendations received from focus groups in vicinity of China’s first national park, Sanjiangyuan, regarding lived experiences of “community co-management” by Tibetan herders and local officials. Overall, the most recent National Park model is deemed successful, albeit with some notable perceived limitations. Focus group participants recommend more balanced compensation opportunities including for communities living outside but in close proximity to the paranagement and health care) and establishing a more effective compensation or insurance system to offset econok, eased restrictions on ecotourism, provision of public services for communities in the park (especially waste mmic losses due to wildlife damage.

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The First French-Canadian National Parks: Kouchibouguac and Forillon in History and Memory

Journal of the Canadian Historical Association ◽

10.7202/1008961ar ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 161-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ronald Rudin

Keyword(s):

New Brunswick ◽

National Parks ◽

National Park ◽

English Speakers ◽

French Canadian ◽

History And Memory ◽

Resident Population ◽

The Past ◽

The People ◽

The Creation

Until the mid-1970s, the creation of a national park in Canada meant the removal of the resident population whose presence was viewed as incompatible with the preservation of nature and its presentation to visitors. Like other high-modernist schemes of the time, park projects were conceived by agents of the state whose knowledge trumped that of the people on the ground whose lives were viewed as worthless. The first nineteen of Canada’s national parks were created in areas populated predominately by English-speakers so that it was only with the creation of Kouchibouguac National Park in New Brunswick in late 1969 and Forillon National Park in Quebec eight months later that French-speakers bore the brunt of forced removal. This essay explores the dynamics regarding the creation of the first two French-Canadian national parks, both of which emerged in the midst of révolutions tranquilles, one acadienne and the other québécoise. This context shaped both the process that led to the development of the parks and to the very different ways that they have been remembered over the past forty years.

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Geocaching w Roztoczańskim Parku Narodowym

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska sectio B – Geographia Geologia Mineralogia et Petrographia ◽

10.17951/b.2015.70.2.191 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 191

Author(s):

Mateusz Dobek ◽

Marcin Kozieł

Keyword(s):

Cultural Values ◽

National Parks ◽

National Park ◽

Game Play ◽

Approximate Location ◽

New Form ◽

The Creation ◽

Favorable Conditions ◽

Rules Of The Game

<p>Geocaching is a type of a field game, which consists in finding caches (ang. Cache) placed earlier in the area. Participants of the game find the approximate location of a hidden "treasure" basing on geographic coordinates and descriptions contained on the website and using GPS. Perceptiveness, creativity and unconventional thinking should be demonstrated to find a cache. There is a so called logbook in a hidden container in which its finding should be recorded, and then this fact must be confirmed on a special website (http://www.geocaching.com, http://www.geocaching.pl). Geocaching is not a threat to the environment, the rules of the game forbid the devastation of the environment near the cache. Many of the caches are located in the areas of national parks. Enthusiasts of a new form of tourism, which is geocaching, are rarely encountered near Roztoczański National Park, even though the area has a great potential for using in this game (play). Currently, there is only one cache in the Park at the Conservative Breeding Centre in Florianka. Numerous natural and cultural values, as well as developed tourism infrastructure create favorable conditions for the creation (establishment) of new caches in the RNP (Roztoczański National Park) and its surroundings. The authors present a proposal for the inclusion of new caches along the bicycle route Zwierzyniec - Florianka - Górecko Stare. General use of this kind of activity can be helpful in tourist traffic dispersal and directing tourists to places rarely visited.</p><div> </div>

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The most perfect natural laboratory in the world: Making and knowing Hawaii National Park

History of Science ◽

10.1177/0073275319848966 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 493-517 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ashanti Shih

Keyword(s):

Environmental History ◽

National Parks ◽

Knowledge Production ◽

National Park ◽

Dark Side ◽

Conservation Movement ◽

Natural Resource Conservation ◽

Geological Processes ◽

The Creation ◽

Natural Laboratory

This article reimagines the meanings of U.S. national parks and so-called ‘natural’ places in our environmental histories and histories of science. Environmental historians have created a compelling narrative about the creation and use of U.S. national parks as places for recreation and natural resource conservation. Although these motivations were undoubtedly significant, I argue that some of the early parks were created and used for a third, often overlooked, reason: to preserve a permanent, state-sanctioned space for scientific knowledge production. Deconstructing the concept of the “natural laboratory,” I show how scientists helped justify and then benefited from the creation of national parks. Hawaii National Park serves as my case study. Advocates of the national park aimed to give settler colonial scientists in the Hawaiian archipelago a permanent place for their research, while tying Hawai‘i’s exotic landscape into the sublime nature of the American West. The park was framed as a perfect laboratory for U.S. experts to study “curious” flora, fauna, and geological processes, becoming a major site of knowledge production in volcanology. Reimagining the parks in this way has ramifications for how we think about issues of access and justice. Environmental historians who have explored the ‘dark side’ of the conservation movement have yet to consider the other half of the story: the parks not only barred certain peoples and their ways of life, but also provided access to scientists – a set of actors whose work was deemed more complementary to conservationist goals than the activities of the Native Hawaiians – and marginalized local and indigenous epistemologies. Thus, the question so often asked in environmental history, “Who is nature for?” might be supplemented by the question, “Who has the power to know nature?”

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Evaluation of the Management Effectiveness of German National Parks—Experiences, Results, Lessons Learned and Future Prospects

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12177135 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (17) ◽

pp. 7135

Author(s):

Stefan Heiland ◽

Anja May ◽

Volker Scherfose

Keyword(s):

National Parks ◽

National Park ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Evaluation Process ◽

The State ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Future Prospects ◽

Management Effectiveness ◽

Entire Process ◽

Positive Effects

Since 2005 until today, experience has been gained in the preparation, implementation and impacts of the evaluation of the management effectiveness of German national parks. This process began with the development of a quality set containing fields of action, criteria, standards and a questionnaire to assess the state of national park management. This quality set was applied in the first voluntary full evaluation of German national parks, which took place from 2009 to 2012. An assessment of the full evaluation and the following interim evaluation (2015–2018) demonstrated the positive effects of the evaluation for the national parks, but also revealed some weaknesses of the quality set and the evaluation process. For this reason, work has been underway since 2019 to further improve the evaluation method; however, this has not yet been completed. The article provides an overview of the entire process. It concludes with considerations on the transferability of the evaluation method to other countries and gives some recommendations as to the most important aspects to be considered when evaluating the management effectiveness of national parks.

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Koedoe 45(1) 2002

Koedoe ◽

10.4102/koedoe.v45i1.11 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Editorial Office

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

National Parks ◽

National Park ◽

The Creation ◽

The Republic

The amended National Parks Act (Act 57 of 1976, Article 4) defines the purpose of the creation of a national park in the Republic of South Africa very clearly:

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Do Local Residents Support the Development of a National Park? A Study from Nanling National Park Based on Social Impact Assessment (SIA)

Land ◽

10.3390/land10101019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1019

Author(s):

Qian Dong ◽

Bo Zhang ◽

Xiaomei Cai ◽

Alastair M. Morrison

Keyword(s):

Impact Assessment ◽

National Parks ◽

National Park ◽

Social Impact ◽

Social Impacts ◽

Social Impact Assessment ◽

The Social ◽

Local Residents ◽

The Creation ◽

Under Construction

Over the past five years, the pilot establishment of national parks in China has been a major event in global biodiversity conservation. The national parks under construction and proposed account for nearly 1% of the land area, and their social impacts have attracted the attention of researchers and managers. However, most of the research has a focus on the effects of protection, and national parks do not have a sufficient understanding of the social impacts and perceptions of the local residents. This research, taking Nanling National Park in Guangdong Province as the case, used the social impact assessment research framework to explore the perceptions and support of local people for the creation of national parks. Through questionnaires and in-depth interviews, the findings were first that most residents expressed a low awareness of Nanling National Park’s development, but they still expressed conditional support. Second, ethnic minorities and less educated residents did not support the creation of national parks. Perceptions of ecological, economic, political, and cultural impacts affected whether residents supported the construction of national parks. In the initial stages of national park development, governmental administrative departments should reduce the negative impacts of national park construction by strengthening the publicity and awareness building, formulating appropriate policy guidance for different needs, and giving local residents the right to express their views, so as to enhance resident support for national park projects.

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