Efficacy ofPiper guineense(Schum & Thonn) seed extract against maize weevil,Sitophilus zeamais(Motschulsky) as influenced by different extraction solvents

Chemical control of the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) has been ineffective and presents serious collateral damage. Among plant-derived insecticides, essential oils (EOs) are suitable candidates to control this stored products pest. In this work, the insecticidal activities of 45 natural EOs against S. zeamais adults were screened, and the most promising ones (24 EOs) were characterized by GC–MS. The repellent and toxic effects (contact and fumigant) of these 24 EOs were determined, and by a cluster analysis they were classified into two groups considering its fumigant activity and contact toxicity. For the EOs with the highest fumigant potential (14 oils) and their main active constituents (17 compounds), lethal concentrations were determined. The most active EOs were those obtained from L. stoechas and L. alba, with LC50 values of 303.4 and 254.1 µL/L air and characterized by a high content of monoterpenes. Regarding the major compounds, the oxygenated monoterpenes R-(+)-pulegone (LC50 = 0.580 mg/L air), S-(-)-pulegone (LC50 = 0.971 mg/L air) and R-(-)-carvone (LC50 = 1.423 mg/L air) were the most active, as few variations in their concentrations significantly increased insect mortality.

Download Full-text

Effect of X-ray irradiation on the F1 generation of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky and the germination rate of maize grain

The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology ◽

10.1186/s41936-021-00225-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sobifagha Princess Bell-Gam ◽

Luke Chinaru Nwosu ◽

Kayode David Ileke ◽

Uwaoma Otuodichinma Aguwa

Keyword(s):

Germination Rate ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Control Process ◽

Progressive Increase ◽

Sitophilus Zeamais ◽

Maize Weevil ◽

Maize Production ◽

X Ray ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Flour Production

Abstract Background The use of X-ray irradiation in the control of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) infesting stored maize was tested at 60, 70 and 80 KeV as part of the international concerted efforts to save maize production and enhance food security. Investigations were done in the laboratory at mean temperature and relative humidity of 29.2 °C and 75.7%, respectively using three varieties of maize. The possibility that X-ray irradiation can affect the viability of maize grains when planted after weevil control process was also evaluated in the laboratory. Standard methods were used to achieve the specific objectives, and X-ray machine snap constituted the exposure time for each dose. Results The results revealed 10% mortality of adult weevils after 24 h and 40% mortality after a period of 7 days. The result indicates moderate effect on mortality. Progressive increase in mortality was recorded as dose increased from 60 to 80 KeV. X-ray irradiation at the doses tested did not significantly (P > 0.05) restrict S. zeamais emergence from maize grains and did not also significantly protect grains against damage and flour production. There was no difference in the pattern of daily emergence of new progenies and pattern of accumulated emergence. The relationship between X-ray irradiation doses and weight of emerging progenies require more specific analysis. Absence of significant difference between the viability of irradiated grains and un-irradiated grains strongly suggests that X-ray irradiation did not adversely affect seed viability, and this gives irradiation technique an opportunity of higher acceptability in agriculture. Conclusions We recommend > 80 KeV of X-ray irradiation or its incorporation into integrated pest management system in order to achieve effective post-harvest control of the pest.

Download Full-text

Convolutional Neural Networks Using Enhanced Radiographs for Real-Time Detection of Sitophilus zeamais in Maize Grain

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10040879 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 879

Author(s):

Clíssia Barboza da Silva ◽

Alysson Alexander Naves Silva ◽

Geovanny Barroso ◽

Pedro Takao Yamamoto ◽

Valter Arthur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Networks ◽

Convolutional Neural Networks ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Sitophilus Zeamais ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Storage Pests ◽

Maize Weevil ◽

X Ray ◽

Precise Control ◽

X Ray Imaging

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) such as deep learning in the quality control of grains has the potential to assist analysts in decision making and improving procedures. Advanced technologies based on X-ray imaging provide markedly easier ways to control insect infestation of stored products, regardless of whether the quality features are visible on the surface of the grains. Here, we applied contrast enhancement algorithms based on peripheral equalization and calcification emphasis on X-ray images to improve the detection of Sitophilus zeamais in maize grains. In addition, we proposed an approach based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to identity non-infested and infested classes using three different architectures; (i) Inception-ResNet-v2, (ii) Xception and (iii) MobileNetV2. In general, the prediction models developed based on the MobileNetV2 and Xception architectures achieved higher accuracy (≥0.88) in identifying non-infested grains and grains infested by maize weevil, with a correct classification from 0.78 to 1.00 for validation and test sets. Hence, the proposed approach using enhanced radiographs has the potential to provide precise control of Sitophilus zeamais for safe human consumption of maize grains. The proposed method can automatically recognize food contaminated with hidden storage pests without manual features, which makes it more reliable for grain inspection.

Download Full-text

Post-harvest evaluation of selected inbred lines to maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais resistance

Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science ◽

10.5897/jpbcs2017.0646 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 105-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. Khakata ◽

F. N. Mbute ◽

G. N. Chemining’wa ◽

M. Mwimali ◽

J. Karanja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inbred Lines ◽

Sitophilus Zeamais ◽

Maize Weevil ◽

Post Harvest

Download Full-text

Efficacy of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf leaf extract as seed protectant against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on stored maize (Zea mays L.)

Journal of Biological Control ◽

10.18311/jbc/0/15540 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 220

Author(s):

Diligent Oboho ◽

Joseph Eyo ◽

Felicia Ekeh ◽

Solomon Okweche

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Sitophilus Zeamais ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Maize Weevil ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

Filter Papers ◽

Acetone Extracts ◽

Chloroform Methanol

A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the insecticidal property of Cymbopogon citratus leaf extract as seed protectant against maize weevil. One (1) gram each of acetone, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts were re-suspended in 5 ml of deionized water and used to impregnate filter papers set in four replicates. Varied concentrations of the aqueous extract per 50 g of Zea mays grains infested with 10 pairs of sexed Sitophilus zeamais for 28 days were tested for insecticidal properties and compared with experimental and synthetic conventional insecticide [Coopex (0.25 g)] controls. Parameters assessed were effect of C. citratus extracts on weevil mortality (toxicity test) and protection of maize against S. zeamais. Data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and means were separated using New Duncan Multiple Range Test at 5% level of significance. Results showed significant (P < 0.05) concentration and duration dependent mortalities of S. zeamais. The aqueous extract gave the highest protection of the maize grains followed by chloroform, methanol and acetone extracts respectively. The insecticidal potency of C. citratus extracts and its availability places it as an attractive biopesticide in traditional post-harvest seed protection.

Download Full-text

CNSL Concentration and Natural Dyes Effects in Formulation of Botanical Pesticide on Sitophilus zeamais and Maize Seed Quality

SEAS (Sustainable Environment Agricultural Science) ◽

10.22225/seas.4.1.1505.1-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Dian Astriani ◽

Wafit Dinarto ◽

Aji Jatmiko

Keyword(s):

Seed Quality ◽

Sitophilus Zeamais ◽

Natural Dyes ◽

Maize Weevil ◽

Maize Seeds ◽

Botanical Pesticide ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽

Push Down

Maize is an important commodity in Indonesia and is vulnerable to maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) during storage which can cause a 100% yield loss. Chasew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) is a botanical pesticide able to control S. zeamais. Increasing CNSL efficiency and effectiveness requires additional adjuvants, such as solvents and dyes. Natural dyes addition is intended to provide seed markers. This study aimed to determine the best CNSL and natural dye formulation to control maize weevil and maintain maize seeds quality during storage. The research was conducted from August to October 2018 at the Agronomy Laboratory, Faculty of Agroindustry, Yogyakarta Mercu Buana University. The research was a single factor consisted of seven treatments with four replications arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatments were combinations of CNSL concentrations with the addition of natural dyes from suji leaf and teak leaves with one untreated control. The results of the research showed that CNSL as a seed treatment botanical pesticide could cause mortality and suppress S. zeamais populations and maintain the quality of maize seeds during storage for 12 weeks. Treatments with 20% CNSL formulation concentration and the addition of natural dyes both leaf pleomele or teak leaves could cause higher mortality and push down more populations and also could better maintain seed quality than 10 and 0% CNSL formulation concentrations.

Download Full-text

Relative Index of Susceptibility To the Maize Weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, Among Some QPM Corn Lines

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v5n2p159-169 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 159-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J.P. Santos ◽

P.E.O. Guimaraes ◽

J.M. Waquil ◽

J.E. Foster

Keyword(s):

Sitophilus Zeamais ◽

Maize Weevil ◽

Relative Index

Download Full-text

Food selection of maize weevil Sitophilus Zeamais (motschulsky)

ACADEMIA JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY ◽

10.15625/2615-9023/v42n2.14846 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nguyen Van Dzuong ◽

Khuat Dang Long

Keyword(s):

Food Selection ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Sitophilus Zeamais ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Maize Weevil ◽

Food Grains ◽

Dried Fruit ◽

Maize Grain ◽

Food Grain ◽

Selection Of

The instintive behaviour exhibited by insects in the selecting food is always a matter of interests to entomologists, and it is one of the fundamental principles underlining the application of entomology to agriculture, horticulture and forestry. Food seclection is an important characteristic of insects that help them survive in periods with insufficient foods.Three grain types of food, maize grain, long-grain rice and soybean grain, were used in this sudy for detecting food selection behaviours of maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais. Grains were kept in box traps put in the different stores in Son La during 90 days. The result showed that maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, prefered traps with maize grains (71.4%) considerably more than ones with long-grain rice (14.3%) and soybean grain (14.3%). Meanwhile, the cornsap beetle, Carpophilus dimidiatus, was mostly observed in maize grain (98.5%) and to a lesser degree, in soybean grain (1.5%); and the dried-fruit beetle, Carpophilus hemipterus, was abundantly observed in maize grain (93.1%) and less in soybean grain (6.9%). The red flour, Tribolium castaneum, also tended to select all the three food grain, i.e. maize grain: 53.5%, long-rice grain: 35.2%, and soybean grain: 11.3%.Comparing f beetle individuals captured on three types of food grains showed that the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, is the most abundant species. The percentage this store beetle among all beetles observed in maize, soybean grains and long-rice grains were 57.0%, 84.9% and 27.6%, respectively. Interestingly, Ahasverus advena, foreign grain beetle, occurred abundantly on long-rice gain (61.7%), i.e. this grain is a suitable food for the development of this beetle.

Download Full-text